A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Vaccinia-HIV-1 IIIB Env/Gag/Pol Vaccine (TBC-3B)

To evaluate, in healthy HIV-1 seronegative vaccinia-immune and vaccinia-naive volunteers, the safety and immunogenicity of an HIV-1 candidate vaccine (TBC-3B) consisting of a live recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the env, gag, and pol genes of HIV-1 IIIB strain. To evaluate the potential of boosting with one of a variety of HIV-1 recombinant subunit, peptide, or pseudovirion vaccines, if available, to augment the immune responses of the vaccinees.

Antigenic drift, defined as the genetic variation of the HIV-1 envelope gene that results in antigenic variation during natural infection, may confound attempts to achieve protective immunity using a vaccine based solely on HIV-1 envelope proteins. Inclusion of conserved core and polymerase proteins along with envelope protein in a candidate vaccine may address some of the problems with antigenic variability. A prime-boost immunization approach using a novel priming immunogen expressing env, gag, and pol genes of the HIV-1 IIIB strain will be attempted in this study.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: HIV Infections
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: TBC-3B Vaccine; Biological: Smallpox Vaccine

Detailed Description

Antigenic drift, defined as the genetic variation of the HIV-1 envelope gene that results in antigenic variation during natural infection, may confound attempts to achieve protective immunity using a vaccine based solely on HIV-1 envelope proteins. Inclusion of conserved core and polymerase proteins along with envelope protein in a candidate vaccine may address some of the problems with antigenic variability. A prime-boost immunization approach using a novel priming immunogen expressing env, gag, and pol genes of the HIV-1 IIIB strain will be attempted in this study.

In Part I, vaccinia-immune volunteers are randomized to one of two regimens. Group A receives priming with TBC-3B on days 0 and 56, followed by boosting on day 224 (8 months) with one of the following: TBC-3B, an alternative immunogen such as pseudovirion particles or a recombinant HIV-1 subunit or peptide vaccine, or placebo. Group B receives priming with control vaccine (DryVax), followed by boosting with an appropriate placebo. At least 50 percent of subjects in Part I will be observed for a minimum of 8 weeks before subsequent volunteers are enrolled in Part II. PER 11/18/94 AMENDMENT, Part I boosting is given on day 392. PER 5/19/95 AMENDMENT, Part I boosting is given on day 756 if not available on day 392; if the appropriate product is not available then, the study will end on day 756. In Part II, vaccinia-naive volunteers are randomized to one of three regimens. Group C receives TBC-3B on day 0 and saline placebo on day 56. Group D receives TBC-3B on days 0 and 56. Both Group C and D receive boosting with TBC-3B or an alternative immunogen on day 224. Group E receives control vaccine (DryVax) on days 0 and 56, followed by appropriate placebo on day 224. Per 06/10/94 addendum, volunteers will be contacted once or twice per year for at least 5 years to check on health status.

NOTE: Part I (Part A) of the protocol has closed to accrual.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 18
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Missouri
    • Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63104
      • St. Louis Univ. School of Medicine AVEG
  • New York
    • Rochester, New York, United States, 14642
      • Univ. of Rochester AVEG
  • Pennsylvania
    • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
      • JHU AVEG
  • Tennessee
    • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232
      • Vanderbilt Univ. Hosp. AVEG
  • Washington
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98144
      • UW - Seattle AVEG

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria

Subjects must have:

• Negative ELISA and Western blot for HIV-1 within 6 weeks prior to immunization.
• Normal history and physical exam.
• History of smallpox vaccination at least 5 years prior to study entry (Part I) OR no prior smallpox vaccination (Part II).
• Absolute CD4 count >= 400 cells/mm3.
• Normal urinalysis.

NOTE:

• No more than 10 percent of volunteers in both Parts I and II may be over 50 years of age.

Exclusion Criteria

Co-existing Condition:

Subjects with the following symptoms or conditions are excluded:

• Positive hepatitis B surface antigen.
• Medical or psychiatric condition (such as recent suicidal ideation or present psychosis) that precludes compliance.
• Occupational responsibilities that preclude compliance.
• Active syphilis. NOTE: Subjects with serology documented to be a false positive or due to a remote (> 6 months) treated infection are eligible.
• Active tuberculosis. NOTE: Subjects with a positive PPD and a normal chest x-ray showing no evidence of TB and not requiring isoniazid therapy are eligible.
• Eczema.
• Household contact with persons meeting any of the following criteria:
• pregnancy, less than 12 months of age, eczema, immunodeficiency disease, or use of immunosuppressive medications.

Subjects with the following prior conditions are excluded:

• History of immunodeficiency, chronic illness, autoimmune disease, or use of immunosuppressive medications.
• History of anaphylaxis or other serious adverse reactions to vaccines.
• Eczema within the past year.
• History of serious allergic reaction to any substance, requiring hospitalization or emergent medical care (e.g., Steven-Johnson syndrome, bronchospasm, or hypotension).
• Prior psychiatric condition (such as history of suicide attempts or past psychosis) that precludes compliance.
• History of cancer unless there has been surgical excision that is considered to have achieved cure.

Prior Medication:

Excluded:

• Prior HIV vaccines.
• Live attenuated vaccines within the past 60 days. NOTE: Medically indicated subunit or killed vaccines (e.g., influenza, pneumococcal) do not exclude but should be administered at least 2 weeks prior to HIV immunizations.
• Experimental agents within the past 30 days.

Prior Treatment:

Excluded:

• Receipt of blood products or immunoglobulins within the past 6 months. It is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED that any activity that might expose subject to HIV (unprotected sex or needle sharing) be avoided.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Masking: Double

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Investigators: Study Chair: Keefer M

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Completion (Actual): July 1, 1996

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 2, 1999
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 30, 2001
• First Posted (Estimate): August 31, 2001

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 28, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 27, 2021
• Last Verified: October 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: HIV Seronegativity; HIV-1; Vaccines, Synthetic; AIDS Vaccines; HIV Preventive Vaccine; Vaccinia Virus; Viral Vaccines; Smallpox Vaccine
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Virus Diseases; Infections; DNA Virus Infections; Poxviridae Infections; Vaccinia; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Immunologic Factors; Vaccines
• Other Study ID Numbers: AVEG 014A; 10561 (Other Identifier: CTEP); AVEG 014A/B