- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT00340678
Renoprotection in Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Pima Indians
This investigation is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial in adult diabetic Pima Indians with normal urinary albumin excretion (albumin-to-creatinine ration less than 30 mg/g) or microalbuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ration = 30-299 mg/g) to test the hypothesis that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) losartan can prevent or further attenuate the development and progression of early diabetic nephropathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are receiving standard diabetes care.
One hundred seventy subjects were recruited for the study, all of whom had type 2 diabetes for at least 5 years, serum creatinine concentrations less than 1.4 mg/dl, and no evidence of non-diabetic renal diseases. Ninety-two of the subjects had normal urinary albumin excretion at baseline and other 78 had microalbuminuria. Subjects in each albumin excretion group were randomized to treatment with either the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan, or placebo. Measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and fractional clearances of albumin and IgG will be made initially, at one month, and at 12-month intervals from baseline thereafter. A kidney biopsy was performed after six years in 111 subjects. Morphometric analysis of renal biopsies was used to determine differences in glomerular structure between treatment groups.
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
This investigation is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial in adult diabetic Pima Indians with normal urinary albumin excretion (albumin-to-creatinine ratio < 30 mg/g) or microalbuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio = 30-299 mg/g) to test the hypothesis that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) losartan can prevent or further attenuate the development and progression of early diabetic nephropathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are receiving standard diabetes care.
One hundred seventy subjects were recruited for the study, all of whom had type 2 diabetes for at least 5 years, serum creatinine concentrations < 1.4 mg/dl, and no evidence of non-diabetic renal diseases. Ninety-two of the subjects had normal urinary albumin excretion at baseline and the other 78 had microalbuminuria. Subjects in each albumin excretion group were randomized to treatment with either the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan, or placebo. Measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF) and fractional clearances of albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were made initially, at one month, and at 12-month intervals from baseline thereafter. A kidney biopsy was be performed after six years in 111 subjects. Morphometric analysis of renal biopsies was used to determine differences in glomerular structure between treatment groups.
The major outcome measure was a decline in GFR to less than or equal to 60 ml/min or to half the baseline value in subjects that enter the study with a GFR of < 120 ml/min. Other measures of renoprotection were assessed, including group differences in 1) change in albumin excretion, 2) change in serum creatinine concentration, and 3) glomerular morphology in all subjects as outlined above.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Phase 3
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Arizona
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Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85014
- NIDDK, Phoenix
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
- INCLUSION CRITERIA:
Volunteers from the Gila River Indian Community who meet the eligibility criteria will be invited to participate.
To be eligible for participation in the study, subjects must meet the following criteria:
- Aged 18-65.
- Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes greater than or equal to 5 years.
- Serum creatinine concentration less than to 1.4 mg/dl.
- Serum potassium concentration less than or equal to 5.5 milliequivalents (mEq)/L.
- At least 2 of 3 weekly screening urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios less than 300 mg/g. All screening tests are to be within 3 months of enrollment.
- Willingness, after receiving a thorough explanation of the study, to participate.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Subjects will be excluded for the following reasons:
- Clinically significant disorders of the liver, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, pulmonary diseases, renal-urinary disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, or hematocrit levels less than or equal to 30 percent in women or less than or equal to 35 percent in men.
- Renovascular or malignant hypertension; uncontrolled hypertension despite treatment with three antihypertensive drugs; or hypertension that is being treated with antihypertensive medicines and the primary care physician or the patient refuses to adopt the blood pressure treatment regimen outlined in the study protocol.
- Hematuria of unknown etiology.
- Chronic debilitating disorders with or without treatment that would interfere with the assessment of kidney function or that might reduce the chances of survival for a sufficient length of time to evaluate efficacy of treatment.
- Currently receiving a drug regimen that includes: steroids, immunosuppressants, or investigational new drugs.
- Pregnancy. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test prior to entry and every three months during the study.
- Evidence of inability to empty the bladder.
- Hypersensitivity to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), ARBs, or iodine.
- Bleeding disorders, since kidney biopsies could not be performed safely in these individuals.
- Massive obesity with body mass index greater than or equal to 45 kg/m(2).
- Non-diabetic renal disease.
- Conditions that are likely to interfere with informed consent or compliance with the protocol.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Quadruple
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Normoalbuminuria Losartan
Subjects with normal urinary albumin excretion were treated with losartan began at 50 mg daily, with the dose increasing to 100 mg daily after 1 week if symptomatic hypotension did not develop.
|
Treatment with losartan began at 50 mg daily, with the dose increasing to 100 mg daily after 1 week if symptomatic hypotension did not develop.
Other Names:
|
Placebo Comparator: Normoalbuminuria Placebo
Subjects with normal urinary albumin excretion were treated with placebo corresponding to each dose of losartan.
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Treatment with placebo corresponding to each dose of losartan.
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Experimental: Microalbuminuria Losartan
Subjects with microalbuminuria were treated with losartan began at 50 mg daily, with the dose increasing to 100 mg daily after 1 week if symptomatic hypotension did not develop.
|
Treatment with losartan began at 50 mg daily, with the dose increasing to 100 mg daily after 1 week if symptomatic hypotension did not develop.
Other Names:
|
Placebo Comparator: Microalbuminuria Placebo
Subjects with Microalbuminuria were treated with placebo corresponding to each dose of losartan.
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Treatment with placebo corresponding to each dose of losartan.
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Number of Participants With Decline in GFR
Time Frame: Up to 6 years
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Participants were monitored for up to 6 years.
This is the number of participants who had a decline in GFR to less than or equal to 60 ml/min or to half the baseline value in subjects that enter the study with a GFR of less than 120 ml/min during the time of observation.
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Up to 6 years
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Time Frame |
---|---|
Glomerular Volume
Time Frame: 6 years after first treatment
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6 years after first treatment
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Collaborators and Investigators
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Zatz R, Dunn BR, Meyer TW, Anderson S, Rennke HG, Brenner BM. Prevention of diabetic glomerulopathy by pharmacological amelioration of glomerular capillary hypertension. J Clin Invest. 1986 Jun;77(6):1925-30. doi: 10.1172/JCI112521.
- Anderson S, Rennke HG, Garcia DL, Brenner BM. Short and long term effects of antihypertensive therapy in the diabetic rat. Kidney Int. 1989 Oct;36(4):526-36. doi: 10.1038/ki.1989.227.
- Zatz R, Meyer TW, Rennke HG, Brenner BM. Predominance of hemodynamic rather than metabolic factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic glomerulopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(17):5963-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.17.5963.
- Weil EJ, Fufaa G, Jones LI, Lovato T, Lemley KV, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, Bennett PH, Yee B, Myers BD, Nelson RG. Effect of losartan on prevention and progression of early diabetic nephropathy in American Indians with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2013 Sep;62(9):3224-31. doi: 10.2337/db12-1512. Epub 2013 Apr 1. Erratum In: Diabetes. 2018 Jan 5;:
- Fort PE, Rajendiran TM, Soni T, Byun J, Shan Y, Looker HC, Nelson RG, Kretzler M, Michailidis G, Roger JE, Gardner TW, Abcouwer SF, Pennathur S, Afshinnia F. Diminished retinal complex lipid synthesis and impaired fatty acid beta-oxidation associated with human diabetic retinopathy. JCI Insight. 2021 Oct 8;6(19):e152109. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.152109.
- Reynolds EL, Akinci G, Banerjee M, Looker HC, Patterson A, Nelson RG, Feldman EL, Callaghan BC. The determinants of complication trajectories in American Indians with type 2 diabetes. JCI Insight. 2021 May 24;6(10):e146849. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.146849.
- Afshinnia F, Nair V, Lin J, Rajendiran TM, Soni T, Byun J, Sharma K, Fort PE, Gardner TW, Looker HC, Nelson RG, Brosius FC, Feldman EL, Michailidis G, Kretzler M, Pennathur S. Increased lipogenesis and impaired beta-oxidation predict type 2 diabetic kidney disease progression in American Indians. JCI Insight. 2019 Nov 1;4(21):e130317. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.130317.
- Tanamas SK, Saulnier PJ, Fufaa GD, Wheelock KM, Weil EJ, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, Bennett PH, Nelson RG. Long-term Effect of Losartan on Kidney Disease in American Indians With Type 2 Diabetes: A Follow-up Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. 2016 Nov;39(11):2004-2010. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0795. Epub 2016 Sep 9.
- Weil EJ, Lemley KV, Mason CC, Yee B, Jones LI, Blouch K, Lovato T, Richardson M, Myers BD, Nelson RG. Podocyte detachment and reduced glomerular capillary endothelial fenestration promote kidney disease in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2012 Nov;82(9):1010-7. doi: 10.1038/ki.2012.234. Epub 2012 Jun 20.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- 999995037
- OH95-DK-N037 (Other Identifier: NIH/NIDDK)
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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