Safety and Efficacy of an Antibiotic Implant in Cardiac Surgical Subjects at Higher Risk for Sternal Wound Infection

A Randomized, Controlled, Phase 3 Study of Gentamicin-Collagen Sponge in Cardiac Surgical Subjects at Higher Risk for Sternal Wound Infection

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the gentamicin-collagen sponge is safe and effective in preventing sternal wound infections in patients undergoing cardiac surgery who are at a greater risk of developing sternal wound infections.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Cardiac Surgery; Sternal Wound Infection
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: gentamicin-collagen sponge dipped in saline

Detailed Description

Sternal wound infection (SWI) is a significant problem in cardiac surgical subjects,in particular in those with risk factors such as diabetes and obesity. There is a long unmet need for an intervention that can reduce the incidence and severity of SWIs in high-risk subjects.

Gentamicin is an antibiotic that is effective in treating certain kinds of infection. Collagen is a protein that is found in all mammals. The gentamicin-collagen sponge is a thin flat sponge made out of collagen that comes from cow tendons and containing gentamicin. When inserted into a surgical site, the collagen breaks down and the gentamicin is released at the site but very little is absorbed into the blood stream. The high levels of antibiotic at the surgical site may prevent an infection at the surgical site.

Outside of the United States more than 3,500 subjects have received treatment in clinical studies with the gentamicin-collagen sponge, primarily for orthopedic, intraabdominal, and cardiothoracic surgeries or wound infections following surgical procedures or traumatic events.

In this study, all subjects will be given treatment that is normally given to prevent surgical infections. For subjects randomly assigned to the gentamicin-collagen sponge treatment group, 2 sponges will be placed between the sternal halves during surgery. IMMEDIATELY before insertion of the sponge the surgeon should wet the sponge with saline as shown in the training/certification document. This wet sponge SHOULD BE INSERTED INTO THE STERNUM WITHIN APPROXIMATELY 15 SECONDS (AFTER THIS TIME IT MAY BECOME MORE DIFFICULT TO HANDLE). All subjects will be followed for 90 days after surgery to determine whether they develop a sternal wound infection.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 1502
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States
    • Florence, Alabama, United States
  • California
    • Pasadena, California, United States
    • San Francisco, California, United States
  • Florida
    • Brandon, Florida, United States
    • Jacksonville, Florida, United States
    • Miami, Florida, United States
  • Georgia
    • Augusta, Georgia, United States
  • Illinois
    • Maywood, Illinois, United States
    • Springfield, Illinois, United States
  • Indiana
    • Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States
  • Iowa
    • West Des Moines, Iowa, United States
  • Kansas
    • Olathe, Kansas, United States
    • Wichita, Kansas, United States
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States
    • Salisbury, Maryland, United States
    • Takoma Park, Maryland, United States
  • Massachusetts
    • Springfield, Massachusetts, United States
  • Michigan
    • Bay City, Michigan, United States
    • Lansing, Michigan, United States
    • Saginaw, Michigan, United States
  • Missouri
    • Saint Louis, Missouri, United States
  • Nebraska
    • Omaha, Nebraska, United States
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States
  • North Carolina
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27705
    • Gastonia, North Carolina, United States
    • Greenville, North Carolina, United States
    • Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
    • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States
  • Ohio
    • Akron, Ohio, United States
    • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States
    • Zanesville, Ohio, United States
  • Oregon
    • Portland, Oregon, United States
  • Pennsylvania
    • Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States
    • Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Texas
    • Dallas, Texas, United States
    • Houston, Texas, United States
    • Tomball, Texas, United States
  • Virginia
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States
  • Washington
    • Tacoma, Washington, United States

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Scheduled to undergo nonemergent CABG and/or valve repair or replacement surgery through a full median sternotomy. This includes the following eligible procedures: isolated CABG surgery, isolated valve surgery, and combined CABG + valve surgery.
• Be at higher risk for SWI, defined as the presence of diabetes mellitus (treated with either oral agent or insulin) and/or obesity, defined as BMI > 30.
• Have the capacity to understand and sign an informed consent form.
• Are male or female and > 18 years of age.
• If female, be postmenopausal (no menstrual period for a minimum of 1 year), be surgically sterilized and have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test on entry in the study, or agree to use adequate birth control during the study and for 3 months after the administration of study agent. Medically acceptable contraceptives include: (1) approved hormonal contraceptives (such as birth control pills, Depo-Provera, or Lupron Depot), (2) barrier methods (such as a condom or diaphragm) used with a spermicide, or (3) an intrauterine device (IUD).
• Agree to be available for evaluation from baseline until final evaluation at 90 days postsurgery.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known history of hypersensitivity to gentamicin or bovine collagen.
• Undergoing emergency cardiac surgery (urgent surgery is allowed if informed consent is obtained and the study procedures can be performed).
• Undergoing a significant concomitant surgical procedure (eg, carotid endarterectomy, aortic root repair or replacement, DHCA, or pulmonary resection).
• Undergoing a minimally invasive or a thoracic surgical approach.
• Using a preoperative mechanical assist device or IABP if inserted for shock/low output syndrome (an IABP is allowed if it is inserted for unstable angina).
• Active and significant systemic infection, eg active endocarditis, or a history of significant recurrent systemic infection.
• Receiving antibiotic therapy within the 2 weeks before the date of surgery.
• Preoperative serum creatinine > 3 mg/dL or renal failure requiring dialysis.
• History of malignancy within the past year (except for squamous or basal cell carcinoma of the skin that has been treated with no evidence of recurrence).
• History of major organ transplantation, including bone marrow transplantation.
• Recent history of significant drug or alcohol abuse.
• Taking systemic immunosuppressive drugs, including steroids (at a dose > 10 mg oral prednisone daily) or a history of a current immunosuppressive condition (eg, symptomatic HIV infection), defined as a CD4 count < 200.
• Scheduled to receive "stress doses" of glucocorticoids (ie, doses > 2 mg/kg/day of methylprednisolone or equivalent).
• Pregnant, lactating, or of childbearing potential not practicing a birth control method with a high degree of reliability (defined in section 3.1).
• Postsurgical life expectancy ≤ 90 days, in the investigator's or sponsor's opinion.
• Refusal to accept medically indicated blood products.
• Current participation or participation within 30 days before the start of this study in another experimental drug or device study, or is currently participating in a study during which the administration of investigational drugs within 90 days is anticipated.
• Has a moderate or severe pectus deformity.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: gentamicin Group; Insertion of 2 gentamicin-collagen sponges between the sternal halves before closure of the sternotomy	Drug: gentamicin-collagen sponge dipped in saline; 100-cm2 sponge
No Intervention: Control Group; Standard of care, ie, insertion of no gentamicin-collagen sponge.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With Surgical Wound Infections From Surgery Through Post-operative Day 90	Efficacy will be evaluated by a comparison between the 2 study groups of the incidence of surgical wound infections that occur within the period from surgery through postop day 90.	90 days post cardiac surgery

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Surgically Treated Surgical Wound Infection Postoperative Day 90	Proportion of patients with surgically treated surgical wound infection adjudicated by an independent blinded committee.	90 days post cardiac surgery
Proportion of Patients With Deep Surgical Wound Infections Based on Centers for Disease Control Criteria Adjudicated by an Independent Blinded Committee.		90 days post cardiac surgery
Proportion of Patients With Superficial Surgical Wound Infections Based on Centers for Disease Control Criteria Adjudicated by an Independent Blinded Committee.		90 days post cardiac surgery
Number of Participants Positive for Each Pathogen Culture	Analysis associated with Microbial Pathogens in Adjudicated 90 Day SWI Subjects ME within Per Protocol Population. Any Microbial Pathogens Detected in SWI (ME)	90 days post cardiac surgery
ASEPSIS Score	ASEPSIS Score through 90 days postoperative - To compare antibiotic regimens for their effectiveness in preventing or treating wound sepsis, well-defined criteria for outcome are needed. A method of assessing wound healing has been devised that defines carefully the characteristics to be considered and how they are to be awarded points. Objective criteria are also included in the assessment. Points are given for the need for Additional treatment, the presence of Serous discharge, Erythema, Purulent exudate, and Separation of the deep tissues, the Isolation of bacteria, and the duration of inpatient Stay (ASEPSIS). The higher the points the worse outcome. Maximum Points would be 60. Minimum points would be 0	90 days post cardiac surgery
Rehospitalization for Sternal Wound Infection	Rehospitalization for Sternal Wound Infection - within 90 days postoperatively.	90 days post cardiac surgery

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Innocoll
• Collaborators: Duke University; Premier Research Group plc

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bennett-Guerrero E, Ferguson TB Jr, Lin M, Garg J, Mark DB, Scavo VA Jr, Kouchoukos N, Richardson JB Jr, Pridgen RL, Corey GR; SWIPE-1 Trial Group. Effect of an implantable gentamicin-collagen sponge on sternal wound infections following cardiac surgery: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2010 Aug 18;304(7):755-62. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1152.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: December 1, 2007
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 1, 2010
• Study Completion (Actual): September 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 2, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 24, 2008
• First Posted (Estimate): January 25, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 5, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 4, 2022
• Last Verified: May 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: diabetes; obesity
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Disease Attributes; Infections; Communicable Diseases; Wounds and Injuries; Wound Infection; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Gentamicins
• Other Study ID Numbers: INN-SWI-001

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No