Pharmacokinetics of Fentanyl Following Intravenous and Oral Routes of Administration in Healthy Volunteers

Pharmacokinetics of Fentanyl Citrate Following Intravenous (i.v.) and Oral Routes of Administration in Healthy Subjects

The purpose of the study is to compare the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl following i.v. and oral administration in healthy volunteers, and to assess the bioavailability of fentanyl following oral administration. Moreover, safety is assessed.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Biological Availability
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Fentanyl citrate; Naltrexone; Naloxone

Detailed Description

Fentanyl, is an opioid (morphine-like) drug, that has been demonstrated to be an effective pain-killer medication by the i.v. and transdermal (through skin) routes. Fentanyl is used just before, during, and after surgery for its sedative and pain-relieving actions. In addition, fentanyl is currently marketed for transdermal use (Duragesic fentanyl transdermal patch) for the management of chronic pain. The information on the bioavailability of fentanyl solution, following the oral route of administration, is sparse. This is a single-center, randomized (study drug assigned by chance), open-label, 2-treatment, 2-period, crossover study. Healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 treatment sequences (AB or BA) with a washout period of 6 to 14 days between treatments. The washout period commenced the day of dosing, after drug administration. Prior to the first treatment period, each healthy volunteer was challenged with naloxone to ensure that he/she was not dependent on morphine-like drugs. A negative naloxone challenge test was required for the healthy volunteer to be eligible for participation in the study. Each healthy volunteer received a 50 mg naltrexone tablet starting 14 hours before dosing and then twice daily ending 24 hours after dosing to block the fentanyl effects. Blood samples were collected, from the arm opposite to the 1 selected for fentanyl i.v administration, for determination of blood fentanyl levels at the scheduled time points. Pulse, blood pressure, breathing rate, body temperature were recorded to monitor the safety. The healthy volunteers were monitored for respiratory depression every 30 minutes during sleep periods. The healthy volunteers remained in the clinic throughout the blood sample collection periods, and were monitored for adverse events throughout the study.

Treatment A: 300 mcg fentanyl citrate administered i.v. over 15 minutes. The 300 mcg (6 mL) i.v. solution was diluted and infused at a rate of 1 mL/minute. Treatment B: 1 mg fentanyl citrate solution administered orally. One mg fentanyl citrate was ingested in 20 mL solution; Naltrexone (50 mg) was administered orally to each healthy volunteer in both periods starting 14 hours before dosing, and twice daily through 24 hours post-dose.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 18
• Phase: Phase 1

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 45 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy, non smoker, men and nonpregnant nonlactating women
• Weighing a minimum of 60 kg and were within 15% of ideal weight for height as described in the Metropolitan Life Insurance Height and Weight Standards
• Who did not have a history or show presence of drug or alcohol dependence or abuse
• And who had, after sitting for 5 minutes, blood pressure between the ranges of 100 to 150 mm Hg systolic and 50 to 90 mm Hg diastolic. Any decrease in systolic blood pressure after standing for 2 minutes had to be less than or equal to 20 mm Hg

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or any other lung disease, such as asthma, that would cause carbon dioxide retention
• Known allergy or hypersensitivity to fentanyl or other opioids, naltrexone or naloxone
• Usage of prescription medication (except for birth control medications, sex-hormone replacement or vitamins) within 14 days before Day 1, monoamine oxide inhibitors within 21 days prior to Day 1, over-the-counter medication (except for vitamin supplements or acetaminophen less than 2 gm/day) or herbal medication within 3 days prior to Day 1, alcohol, grapefruit juice, or caffeine within 48 hours before dosing
• Consumption of more than 450 mg of caffeine per day (eg, approximately 5 cups of tea, 3 cups of regular coffee, or 8 cans of cola)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Evaluate the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl citrate following i.v. and oral routes of administration in healthy volunteers, and to assess the absolute bioavailability of fentanyl citrate following oral administration.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Assessment of safety. Vital signs, Physical examination, clinical laboratory tests, and electrocardiogram were performed at screening and study termination. Additionally, vital signs were recorded on Days 1 and 2 of both treatment periods.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Alza Corporation, DE, USA

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl following intravenous and oral routes of administration in healthy subjects

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: April 1, 2003
• Study Completion (Actual): May 1, 2003

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 10, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 11, 2008
• First Posted (Estimate): July 14, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): May 19, 2011
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 18, 2011
• Last Verified: April 1, 2010

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Safety; Pharmacokinetics; Naltrexone; Fentanyl; Naloxone; Administration, Oral; Infusions, Intravenous; Biological Availability
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Physiological Effects of Drugs; Central Nervous System Depressants; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, General; Anesthetics; Analgesics, Opioid; Narcotics; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Narcotic Antagonists; Alcohol Deterrents; Fentanyl; Naltrexone; Naloxone
• Other Study ID Numbers: CR003253