Safety & Efficacy Study of Study Drug (Eszopiclone) in Children and Adolescents With Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder - Associated Insomnia

A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double Blind, Fixed Dose Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Eszopiclone in Children (6 to 11 Years) and Adolescents (12 to 17 Years) With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Associated Insomnia

A multi center, randomized study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eszopiclone compared to placebo in children (6-11 years of age, inclusive) and adolescents (12-17 years of age, inclusive) with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) associated insomnia.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Insomnia; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: eszopiclone; Drug: eszopiclone; Drug: Placebo

Detailed Description

This is a multi center, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, fixed dose study of eszopiclone in pediatric subjects 6-17 years of age, inclusive, with ADHD associated insomnia. Subjects will be randomized at approximately 1:1:1 to either low dose oral eszopiclone (1 mg for children ages 6-11 years, 2 mg for adolescents ages 12-17 years), high dose oral eszopiclone (2 mg for children ages 6-11 years, 3 mg for adolescents ages 12-17 years) or placebo. This study was previously posted by Sepracor Inc. In October 2009, Sepracor Inc. was acquired by Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma., and in October 2010, Sepracor Inc's name was changed to Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 486
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35213
      • Sleep Disorders Center of Alabama
    • Dothan, Alabama, United States, 36303
      • Dothan Behavioral Medicine Clinic
  • Arizona
    • Chandler, Arizona, United States, 85226
      • Metropolitan Neuro Behavioral Institute
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85050
      • PsyPharma Clinical Research
    • Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85712
      • REM Medical Clinical Research
  • Arkansas
    • Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, 72211
      • Paul E. Wylie
  • California
    • Carson, California, United States, 90746
      • AV Institute, Inc.
    • Costa Mesa, California, United States, 92626
      • Clinical Innovations, Inc.
    • Fountain Valley, California, United States, 92708
      • Avastra Clinical Trials
    • Glendale, California, United States, 91204
      • Behavioral Research Specialists, LLC
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90024
      • Pacific Institute for Medical Research Inc
    • Oceanside, California, United States, 92056
      • Excell Research, Inc.
    • Oceanside, California, United States, 92056
      • North County Clinical Research (NCCR)
    • Orange, California, United States, 92868
      • Pacific Clinical Research Medical Group
    • Orange, California, United States, 92868
      • SDS Clinical Trials
    • Paramount, California, United States, 90723
      • California Clinical Trials Medical Group
    • Riverside, California, United States, 92506
      • Clinical Innovations, Inc.
    • San Diego, California, United States, 92123
      • Artemis Institute for Clinical Research
    • San Diego, California, United States, 92128
      • Clinical Innovations, Inc.
    • Santa Ana, California, United States, 92701
      • Neuropsychiatric Research Center of Orange County
    • Santa Ana, California, United States, 92705
      • Clinical Innovations, Inc.
    • Wildomar, California, United States, 92595
      • Elite Clinical Trials
  • Colorado
    • Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States, 80918
      • Delta Waves, INC
  • Florida
    • Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32607
      • Sarkis Clinical Trials
    • Hallandale Beach, Florida, United States, 33009
      • MD Clinical
    • Maitland, Florida, United States, 32751
      • Florida Clinical Research Center LLC
    • Orlando, Florida, United States, 32822
      • Florida Institute for Clinical Research, LLC
    • Tampa, Florida, United States, 33607
      • SomnoMedics, LLC
    • Tampa, Florida, United States, 33609
      • Pediatric Epilepsy and Neurology Specialists
  • Georgia
    • Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30342
      • Sleep Disorders Center of Georgia
    • Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30342
      • Neuro Trials Research, Inc.
  • Idaho
    • Eagle, Idaho, United States, 83616
      • Mountain West Clinical Trials
  • Illinois
    • Hoffman Estates, Illinois, United States, 60169
      • Alexian Brothers Center for Psychiatric Research
    • Naperville, Illinois, United States, 60563
      • AMR Baber Research Inc.
    • Oak Brook, Illinois, United States, 60523
      • American Medical Research, Inc.
  • Indiana
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46260
      • Davis Clinic
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46260
      • Goldpoint Clinical Research
  • Kansas
    • Overland Park, Kansas, United States, 66211
      • Psychiatric Associates
  • Kentucky
    • Owensboro, Kentucky, United States, 42301
      • Pedia Research LLC
  • Louisiana
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70114
      • Louisiana Research Associates, Inc.
  • Maryland
    • Glen Burnie, Maryland, United States, 21061
      • Clinical Insights
  • Massachusetts
    • Newton, Massachusetts, United States, 02459
      • Neurocare, Inc.
  • Michigan
    • Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, United States, 48302
      • NeuroBehavioral Medicine Group
    • Grand Blanc, Michigan, United States, 48439
      • Mid-Michigan Sleep Center
    • Troy, Michigan, United States, 48085
      • Clinical Neurophysiology Services, P.C.
  • Missouri
    • St. Charles, Missouri, United States, 63301
      • Midwest Research GRoup
  • Nebraska
    • Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68510
      • Premier Psychiatric Research Institute, LLC
  • Nevada
    • Henderson, Nevada, United States, 89015
      • Clinical Research Center of Nevada
    • Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, 89128
      • Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Inc.
  • New Jersey
    • Willingboro, New Jersey, United States, 08046
      • CRI Worldwide, LLC
  • New York
    • Farmingdale, New York, United States, 11735
      • Synergy Clinical Research Center
  • Ohio
    • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45246
      • Tristate Sleep Disorders Center
    • Garfield Heights, Ohio, United States, 44125
      • MD & Associates, Inc.
  • Oklahoma
    • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73116
      • Cutting Edge Research Group
    • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73112
      • Pahl Pharmaceutical Professionals, LLC
    • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73139
      • Eminence Research, LLC
    • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73103
      • IPS Reserach Company
    • Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, 74104
      • Tulsa Clinical Research
    • Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, 74114
      • Paradigm Research Professional, LLP
  • Oregon
    • Gresham, Oregon, United States, 97030
      • Cyn3rgy Research
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97210
      • Oregon Center for Clinical Investigations, Inc.
  • Pennsylvania
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19139
      • CRI Worldwide
  • South Carolina
    • Charleston, South Carolina, United States, 29405
      • Carolina Clinical Trials Inc.
  • Texas
    • DeSoto, Texas, United States, 75115
      • InSite Clinical Research LLC
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77042
      • MD
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77008
      • Claghorn-Lesem Research Clinic
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77063
      • Todd J. Swick, MD, PA
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77024
      • Allegiant Clinical Research, LLC
    • Lubbock, Texas, United States, 79423
      • MD
    • Plano, Texas, United States, 75024
      • The Mech Center
  • Utah
    • Orem, Utah, United States, 84058
      • Aspen Clinical Research, LLC
  • Washington
    • Bellevue, Washington, United States, 98007
      • Northwest Clinical Research Center
    • Kirkland, Washington, United States, 98033
      • Eastside Therapeutic Resource

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 6 years to 17 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subject is male or female 6 to 17 years of age, inclusive, at the time of consent.
• Subject must have a diagnosis of ADHD as defined by DSM-IV criteria
• Subject must have documented ADHD associated insomnia, defined as the subject or subject's parent/legal guardian having reported repeated difficulty with sleep initiation (sleep latency >30 minutes) or consolidation, (wake time after sleep onset >45 minutes) despite adequate age appropriate time and opportunity for sleep.
• Subject's Baseline PSG must reveal either >30 minutes latency to persistent sleep (LPS) or >45 minutes wake after sleep onset (WASO).
• Subject or subject's parent/legal guardian should have reported daytime functional impairment as a result of sleep problems.
• Subject or subject's parent/legal guardian should have reported attempted and failed behavioral interventions for sleep problems, including a regular bedtime and rise time
• Subject's sleep disturbance must not be attributable to either the direct physiologic effect of a drug of abuse or misuse of a prescribed medication whether it is being used as intended or in an illicit manner.(Female subjects ≥8 years of age must have a negative serum pregnancy test)
• Subject must be in general good health
• Subject must be able to swallow tablets.
• If subject is currently taking medication for ADHD, they must be on a stable dose and regimen for a minimum of 1 month prior to the time of consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subject with weight <10th percentile for age and gender
• Subject has any clinically significant or unstable medical illness/abnormality or chronic disease.
• Subject has a documented history of Bipolar I or II Disorder, major depression, conduct disorder, generalized anxiety disorder or any history of psychosis.
• Subject has periodic limb movement >5 times per hour, as demonstrated on Baseline PSG.
• Subject has sleep disordered breathing, as demonstrated on Baseline PSG.
• Subject has another primary sleep disorder, a secondary sleep disorder, or any other known or suspected medical or psychiatric condition that has affected or may affect sleep
• Subject has a history of circadian rhythm disorder or will travel across ≥3 time zones more than once during the study.
• Subject has organic brain disease, or a history of febrile seizures.
• Subject is, in the opinion of the investigator, at suicidal or homicidal risk.
• Female subject who is pregnant or lactating or planning to become pregnant.
• Subject has taken any psychotropic medication without an appropriate washout period (≥5 half-lives) prior to randomization.
• Subject has a history of severe allergies to more than 1 class of medications or multiple adverse drug reactions.
• Subject has a history of allergic reaction or has a known or suspected sensitivity to racemic zopiclone, eszopiclone, or any substance that is contained in the formulation.
• Subject has a history of alcohol or substance abuse within 3 months of study participation.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Low dose eszopiclone; 1 mg eszopiclone for 6-11 years, 2 mg for 12-17 years	Drug: eszopiclone; 1 mg eszopiclone for 6-11 years, 2 mg for 12-17 years; Drug: eszopiclone; 2 mg eszopiclone for 6-11 years, 3 mg eszopiclone for 12-17 years
Experimental: High dose eszopiclone; 2 mg eszopiclone for 6-11 years, 3 mg eszopiclone for 12-17 years	Drug: eszopiclone; 1 mg eszopiclone for 6-11 years, 2 mg for 12-17 years; Drug: eszopiclone; 2 mg eszopiclone for 6-11 years, 3 mg eszopiclone for 12-17 years
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Placebo 6-17 years	Drug: Placebo; 1 tablet per day for 12 weeks

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline to the End of the Double- Blind Treatment Period (Week 12) in Polysomnography (PSG) Defined Latency to Persistent Sleep (LPS).	A central scoring facility was used to derive the PSG sleep parameters Latency to Persistent Sleep (LPS) from the epochs and stages collected via the PSG recordings. Each epoch is 30 seconds. The PSG parameters provided an objective assessment of the subject's sleep on a given night. Change from BL at Week 12 in LPS was derived from Week 12 LPS subtracted by BL LPS. Latency to persistent sleep (LPS; minutes): time from lights out to the first of 20 consecutive epochs (10 minutes) of non-wake, as determined by PSG recordings.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12 in PSG Defined Wake Time After Sleep Onset (WASO)	A central scoring facility was used to derive the PSG sleep parameters Wake Time After Sleep Onset (WASO) from the epochs and stages collected via the PSG recordings. Each epoch is 30 seconds. The PSG parameters provided an objective assessment of the subject's sleep on a given night. Change from BL at Week 12 in WASO was derived from Week 12 WASO subtracted by BL WASO. Wake time after sleep onset (WASO; minutes): The number of wake epochs after the onset of persistent sleep to the end of the recording, divided by 2.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Improvement (CGI)-Parent/Caregiver at Week 12	The CGI-I Parent/Caregiver was completed by the investigator based on interviews and interactions with the subject's parent or caregiver and represented their assessment of severity and improvement in the subject's symptoms since the start of the study. A 7 point scale was used for improvement with numeric values assigned to each of the responses: very much improved (1), much improved (2), minimally improved (3), no change (4), minimally worse (5), much worse (6), and very much worse (7).	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change From Baseline in CGI-Child at Week 12	The CGI - I Child was completed by the investigator based on interviews and interactions with the subject and represented the subject's assessment of improvement in his/her symptoms since the start of the study. A 7 point scale was used for improvement with numeric values assigned to each of the responses: very much improved (1), much improved (2), minimally improved (3), no change (4), minimally worse (5), much worse (6), and very much worse (7).	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change From Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12 in Conners' ADHD Inattention Rating Scale.	The Conners' 3 -Parent Short Form was completed by the parent and provided an assessment of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the most common comorbid problems and disorders in children and adolescents. It is a multi-informant assessment of children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years of age that took into account home, social and school settings. The short version of the Conners' 3 -Parent Short Form was a subset of items from the full-length form, and included the Conners' 3 Content Scales of Inattention, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, Learning Problems, Executive Functioning, Aggression, and Peer/Family Relations. The scale scores were presented as standardized age and gender based t scores. Inattention score was used for this endpoint. The lowest scale score is 40 (best) and the highest is 90 (worse)].	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Subjective SL (Sleep Latency)	A Sponsor produced sleep questionnaire asked the subject or parent/guardian to report information about the subject's sleep and daytime functioning since the last visit. This questionnaire provided a subjective assessment of SL over a pre-defined time period. SL is subjective time to fall asleep.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Subjective Wake Time After Sleep Onset (WASO).	A Sponsor produced sleep questionnaire asked the subject or parent/guardian to report information about the subject's sleep and daytime functioning since the last visit. This questionnaire provided a subjective assessment of WASO over a pre-defined time period. WASO is the aggregate duration of awakenings from the time subjects fall asleep until last awakening. Wake time after sleep onset (WASO; minutes): The number of wake epochs after the onset of persistent sleep to the end of the recording, divided by 2.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change From Baseline to Week 12 in PSG Defined Sleep Efficiency (SE)	A central scoring facility was used to derive the PSG sleep parameter of Sleep Efficiency (SE) from the epochs and stages collected via the PSG recordings. The PSG parameters provided an objective assessment of the subject's sleep on a given night. Sleep efficiency: (total sleep time)/(total recording time) x 100. For this endpoint, total sleep time was defined as the number of non-wake epochs from the beginning of recording to the end of recording divided by 2. If total recording time was greater than 960 epochs (480 minutes), total sleep time was calculated from the PSG truncated at 480 minutes.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change From Baseline to Week 12 in PSG Defined Number of Awakenings After Sleep Onset (NAASO).	A central scoring facility was used to derive the PSG sleep parameter of Number of Awakenings after Sleep Onset (NAASO). The PSG parameters provided an objective assessment of the subject's sleep on a given night. Number of awakenings: The number of times, after onset of persistent sleep, that there was a wake entry of at least one-minute duration. Each awakening must have been separated by an epoch of non rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stage 2, 3/4, or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change From Baseline to Week 12 in PSG Defined Total Sleep Time (TST)	A central scoring facility was used to derive the PSG sleep parameter of Total Sleep Time (TST) from the epochs and stages collected via the PSG recordings. The PSG parameters provided an objective assessment of the subject's sleep on a given night. Total sleep time was defined as the number of non-wake epochs from the beginning of recording to the end of recording divided by 2. If total recording time was greater than 960 epochs (480 minutes), total sleep time was calculated from the PSG truncated at 480 minutes.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Subjective Total Sleep Time (TST).	A Sponsor produced sleep questionnaire asked the subject or parent/guardian to report information about the subject's sleep and daytime functioning since the last visit. This questionnaire provided a subjective assessment of TST over a pre-defined time period. TST is subjective total sleep time.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change From Baseline to Week 11 in Subjective Sleep Latency (SL) Measured by Actigraphy Monitoring in the Actigraphy Population.	A central scoring facility was used to derive the actigraphy sleep parameter of Sleep Latency (SL). Actigraphy data were used for additional efficacy evaluation as well as for the evaluation of rebound and withdrawal effects.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 11
Change From Baseline to Week 11 in Subjective WASO From Actigraphy Population.	A central scoring facility was used to derive the actigraphy sleep parameters Wake Time After Sleep Onset (WASO). Actigraphy data were used for additional efficacy evaluation as well as for the evaluation of rebound and withdrawal effects.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 11
Change From Baseline to Week 11 in Total Sleep Time (TST) Measured by Actigraphy Monitoring in the Actigraphy Population.	A central scoring facility was used to derive the actigraphy sleep parameter of Total Sleep Time (TST). Actigraphy data were used for additional efficacy evaluation as well as for the evaluation of rebound and withdrawal effects.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 11
Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) Total Score.	The PDSS is a validated measure of excessive sleepiness specifically designed for use in school aged children. The scale allowed for measurement of sleepiness across several relatively sedentary activities and provided a means to unmask sleepiness that may not be recognized during more active situations. It consisted of 8 items that assessed the frequency of a sleep related behavior (eg, how often do you fall asleep or get drowsy during class periods; are you usually alert most of the day; how often do you think you need more sleep) using a 5-point Likert type scale (0 = never, 4 = always). All items were summed to obtain the PDSS total score. PDSS data were used for efficacy evaluation as well as for the evaluation of residual effects.The overall PDSS scores range from a low of 0 where the individual is endorsing each item at the lowest level of sleepiness to a high of 32 where the individual is endorsing each item at the highest level of sleepiness.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Coding Copy Subtest / Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) Scaled Score.	These tests are standardized information processing tasks to assess recognition and recoding of sensory information. The subject was given 90 seconds to complete as many substitutions of symbols as possible according to a code provided on top of the sheet. The Coding Copy Subtest A was used for subjects 6-7 years of age and the Coding Copy Subtest B was used for subjects 8-16 years of age, and the DSST was used for subjects 17 years of age. The score is the number of squares filled in correctly. Individuals are measured against their own pre-treatment baseline to determine levels of impairment using the scaled score. Higher scores mean less impairment (or potentially improvement) as the number of correct substitutions generally improves as cognition improves. Scaled scores are used to account for age differences among test takers. Scaled scores range from 1 to 19, and higher scores indicate higher cognitive function.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Pediatric Quality-of-Life Scale (Short Form-10).	The SF 10 Health Survey for Children is a 10 item care-giver completed assessment designed to measure children's health-related quality of life. The scale asked questions about the child's physical wellness, feelings, behavior, and activities at school and with family and friends. The SF 10 Physical and Psychosocial summary measures were scored such that higher scores indicated more favorable functioning.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Subjective Number of Awakenings After Sleep Onset (NAASO).	A Sponsor produced sleep questionnaire asked the subject or parent/guardian to report information about the subject's sleep and daytime functioning since the last visit. This questionnaire provided a subjective assessment of NAASO over a pre-defined time period.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change in School Tardiness/Attendance Reports at Week 12 (Days)	School tardiness/attendance reports were to be collected when subject was actively enrolled in school (fall and spring semesters only; summer school, camps or other school attendance was not recorded.) The School Tardiness Report captured the number of days that the subject was tardy to school, had partial attendance at school or was completely absent from school. Data were collected for the 30-day period prior to Baseline, 6-week period prior to Week 6, 6-week period prior to Week 12.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12
Change in School Tardiness/Attendance Reports at Week 12 (Hours)	School tardiness/attendance reports were to be collected when subject was actively enrolled in school (fall and spring semesters only; summer school, camps or other school attendance was not recorded.) The School Tardiness Report captured the number of days that the subject was tardy to school, had partial attendance at school or was completely absent from school. Data were collected for the 30-day period prior to Baseline, 6-week period prior to Week 6, 6-week period prior to Week 12.	Baseline (Day 0) to Week 12

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Sunovion

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Sangal RB, Blumer JL, Lankford DA, Grinnell TA, Huang H. Eszopiclone for insomnia associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 2014 Oct;134(4):e1095-103. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-4221.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: May 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): July 1, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 4, 2009
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 4, 2009
• First Posted (Estimate): March 6, 2009

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): June 17, 2013
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 7, 2013
• Last Verified: May 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Adolescent; Children; Polysomnography; Insomnia; Hypnotic; Eszopiclone; Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; Actigraphy
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Pathologic Processes; Nervous System Diseases; Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic; Dyssomnias; Sleep Wake Disorders; Neurologic Manifestations; Dyskinesias; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Disease; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Hyperkinesis; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Central Nervous System Depressants; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Eszopiclone
• Other Study ID Numbers: 190-246