Testing a Community-Friendly Risk Reduction Intervention for Injection Drug Users

To conduct a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of a community-friendly behavioral intervention designed to reduce HIV risk behavior among injection drug users (IDUs) in drug treatment by comparing risk-behavior outcomes of four weekly intervention sessions with a time-and-attention-matched control condition.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: HIV; Opioid Dependence
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Community-friendly Health Recovery Program; Behavioral: Time-and-Attention-Matched Control Condition

Detailed Description

This research study will test the effects of CHRP, a community-friendly risk reduction intervention, which is based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model of health behavior change (IMB; Fisher & Fisher, 1992), and, thus, is designed to enhance knowledge, motivation, and behavior skills for reducing drug- and sex-related HIV risk behaviors. Outcomes assessed will include urine toxicology screens, self-reported HIV drug- and sex-related HIV risk behavior, HIV/AIDS knowledge, risk reduction motivation, and risk reduction behavioral skills.

To measure the effects of CHRP, the investigators are proposing a two-condition (standard of care plus the CHRP intervention vs. standard of care plus a time-and-attention matched control condition) randomized design, balancing for participant gender. The investigators will assess participants at baseline, immediately post-intervention (i.e., at 4 weeks), and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month measurement points following the intervention. This assessment approach will allow the investigators to examine the trajectory of HIV risk reduction change including the decay or emergence of intervention effects.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 304
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Connecticut
    • New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06519
      • APT Foundation

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• At least 18 years of age
• Opioid-dependent and seeking methadone maintenance treatment
• Report drug- or sex-related HIV risk behavior in previous 6 months
• Able to read and understand the questionnaires, Audio Computer Assisted Self Interview (ACASI), and consent form
• Available for the full duration of the study with no anticipated circumstances impeding participation (e.g., jail term)
• Not actively suicidal, homicidal, or psychotic as assessed by trained research staff under the supervision of a licensed clinical psychologist

Exclusion Criteria:

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: CHRP Group; Patients assigned to Community-friendly Health Recovery Program (CHRP) will receive a weekly HIV risk reduction group level intervention led by two facilitators trained and supervised by the PI, a licensed clinical psychologist. The CHRP intervention is a substantially shortened version of the comprehensive Holistic Health Recovery Program (HHRP)-based interventions that have been identified as demonstrating evidence of effectiveness in two randomized clinical trials. The CHRP, which includes four 50-minute groups (1 group per week), will contain only content that relates explicitly to drug- or sex-related HIV risk reduction. Participants in both conditions will receive routine clinical services (i.e., daily methadone and case management).	Behavioral: Community-friendly Health Recovery Program; Four weekly HIV risk-reduction groups and routine clinical services (i.e., daily methadone and case management).; Other Names: CHRP
Active Comparator: Control Condition; The time-and-attention-matched control condition for the proposed research will be a time and contact-matched, non-contaminating support group for individuals in recovery modeled after similar groups offered in the community. There will be no overlap between the content of the comparison intervention and experimental intervention although the basic structure will be the same. Thus, each participant will be asked to attend four 50-minute weekly group sessions led by two trained facilitators. Participants in both conditions will receive routine clinical services (i.e., daily methadone and case management).	Behavioral: Time-and-Attention-Matched Control Condition; Four weekly support groups and routine clinical services (i.e., daily methadone and case management).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.	Baseline
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.	Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.	3-month follow up
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.	6-month follow up
Demonstrated Drug Risk Reduction Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction skills were assessed by having participants demonstrate the steps necessary to properly clean a needle/syringe.	12-month follow up
Safer Drug Use (0-4)	Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.	Baseline
Safer Drug Use (0-4)	Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.	Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Safer Drug Use (0-4)	Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.	3-month follow up
Safer Drug Use (0-4)	Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.	6-month follow up
Safer Drug Use (0-4)	Participants completed a self-reported assessment that asks about IV-sharing behavior and were assessed on a scale of 0-4, with higher scores indicating safer drug use.	12-month follow up
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)	Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles") and were rated on a scale of 0 to 1 (higher values representing greater risk reduction knowledge).	Baseline
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)	Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles") and were rated on a scale of 0 to 1 (higher values representing greater risk reduction knowledge).	Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)	Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles") and were rated on a scale of 0 to 1 (higher values representing greater risk reduction knowledge).	3-month follow up
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)	Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles") and were rated on a scale of 0 to 1 (higher values representing greater risk reduction knowledge).	6-month follow up
Drug-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)	Participants completed an assessment that covers information about drug-related HIV-risk reduction (e.g.,"If an HIV+ person shared needles with another HIV+ person, they don't need to clean the needles").	12-month follow up
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	Baseline
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	3-month follow up
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	6-month follow up
Personal Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "I plan to always use clean needles if I shoot up drugs during the next six months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	12-month follow up
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	Baseline
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	3-month follow up
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	6-month follow up
Social Motivation to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce HIV risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always clean my needles before I share them with someone else during the next three months") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	12-month follow up
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	Baseline
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	3-month follow up
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	6-month follow up
Self-efficacy to Reduce Drug-related HIV-Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing HIV risk behavior (e.g., "How hard would it be for you to always use condoms") and rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	12-month follow up
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.	Baseline
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.	Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.	3-month follow up
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.	6-month follow up
Female Condom Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a female condom using a replica.	12-month follow up
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.	Baseline
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.	Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.	3-month follow up
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.	6-month follow up
Male Condom Skills (0-100%)	Participants' HIV risk reduction behavioral skills were assessed based on the percentage of correct necessary steps demonstrated to properly select and apply a male condom using a replica.	12-month follow up
Condom Use (0-4)	Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.	Baseline
Condom Use (0-4)	Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.	Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Condom Use (0-4)	Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.	3-month follow up
Condom Use (0-4)	Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.	6-month follow up
Condom Use (0-4)	Participants were asked: "In the past week, how much of the time did you use a condom or other latex protection when you had oral, anal, or vaginal sex?" and rated on scale of 0 to 4, with indicating greater condom use.	12-month follow up
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)	Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.	Baseline
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)	Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.	Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)	Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.	3-month follow up
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)	Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.	6-month follow up
Sex-related HIV-risk Reduction Knowledge (0-1)	Participants' knowledge of sex-related HIV-risk reduction was assessed by being asked: "If an HIV positive person only has sex with another HIV positive person, they don't need to use condoms" and rated on a scale of 0 to 1, with a higher score indicating greater HIV-risk reduction knowledge.	12-month follow up
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	Baseline
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	3-month follow up
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	6-month follow up
Personal Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their personal motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Always using condoms during sexual intercourse during the next three months would be good") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater personal motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	12-month follow up
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	Baseline
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	3-month follow up
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	6-month follow up
Social Motivation to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their social motivation to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "Most people who are important to me think I should always use condoms during sexual intercourse in the next three months") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating stronger social motivation to reduce HIV-risk behavior.	12-month follow up
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.	Baseline
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.	Immediately Post-Intervention, at 4 weeks
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.	3-month follow up
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.	6-month follow up
Self-efficacy to Reduce Sex-related HIV- Risk Behavior (1-5)	Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their self-efficacy about reducing sex-related HIV-risk behavior (e.g., "If asked, I am confident I could demonstrate how to use male condom and female condoms correctly") and were rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with a higher score indicating greater self-efficacy to reduce sex-related HIV-risk behavior.	12-month follow up

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Connecticut
• Collaborators: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); APT Foundation, Inc.
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Michael C Copenhaver, Ph.D., University of Connecticut

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Fisher JD, Fisher WA. Changing AIDS-risk behavior. Psychol Bull. 1992 May;111(3):455-74. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.111.3.455.
• Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Community-Based Drug Treatment; Lamb S, Greenlick MR, McCarty D, editors. Bridging the Gap between Practice and Research: Forging Partnerships with Community-Based Drug and Alcohol Treatment. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1998. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230402/

Helpful Links

• Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: September 1, 2006
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): June 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 30, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 3, 2012
• First Posted (Estimate): December 4, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): February 27, 2014
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 10, 2014
• Last Verified: January 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: HIV; Risk behavior; Injection drug use; Methadone-maintenance; Condom use; Health care participation; Opioid replacement therapy
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Chemically-Induced Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Narcotic-Related Disorders; Opioid-Related Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: H06-215; 1R01DA022122-01A1 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)