Safety and Immunogenicity of a Trivalent Group B Streptococcus Vaccine in Healthy Pregnant Women

A Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized, Observer-Blind, Controlled Study to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of a Trivalent Group B Streptococcus Vaccine in Healthy Pregnant Women

Evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the trivalent group B streptococcus vaccine in healthy pregnant women. The study will also evaluate the levels of GBS serotype-specific antibodies in infants, placental transfer from the pregnant women to the infant and levels of antibodies in the breast milk.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Streptococcus Agalactiae; GBS Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: GBS trivalent vaccine; Biological: Placebo

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 75
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Colorado
    • Aurora, Colorado, United States, 80045
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21201
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • North Carolina
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27705
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • Pennsylvania
    • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • South Carolina
    • Charleston, South Carolina, United States, 29425
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • Tennessee
    • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232
      • GSK Investigational Site

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 40 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Healthy pregnant women 18-40 years of age, inclusive and at 24 0/7 through 34 6/7 weeks gestation.
2. Individuals who intend to breastfeed for at least 90 days postpartum.
3. Individuals who have given written consent after the nature of the study has been explained according to local regulatory requirements.
4. Individuals in good health as determined by the outcome of medical history, physical examination and clinical judgment of the investigator.
5. Individuals who can comprehend and comply with all study procedures and are available for follow-up.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Individuals with history of illness or an ongoing illness that, in the opinion of the investigator, may pose additional risk to the subject if she participates in the study.
2. Individuals with known hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine.
3. Individuals who received or plan to receive any licensed vaccine within 14 days before or after the study vaccine with the exception of inactivated influenza vaccine which may be administered up to 7 days before or after study vaccine.
4. Individuals with an infection requiring systemic antibiotic or antiviral treatment within 7 days prior to Study Day 1.

5. Individuals determined as high risk for serious obstetrical complication, including:

   • Gestational hypertension, as defined by American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines (ACOG Practice Bulletin 2012)
   • Gestational diabetes which is not controlled by diet and exercise as per American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines (ACOG Practice Bulletin 2013)
   • Pre-eclampsia or eclampsia as defined by American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines (ACOG practice bulletin, 2002)
   • HIV infection
   • Obesity class II or greater (pre-pregnancy BMI≥35.0)
   • multiple pregnancy
6. Individuals with behavioral or cognitive impairment or psychiatric disease that, in the opinion of the investigator, may interfere with the subject's ability to participate in the study.
7. Individuals who are not able to comprehend and to follow all required study procedures for the whole period of the study.
8. Individuals with known or suspected impairment of the immune system including known or suspected HIV infection or HIV-related disease, a history of or an active autoimmune disorder and receipt of immunosuppressive therapy.
9. Long term use of glucocorticoids, including oral or parenteral prednisone ≥ 20 mg/day or equivalent for more than 2 consecutive weeks (or 2 weeks total) within 30 days prior to enrollment. Use of inhaled, intranasal, or topical corticosteroids is allowed.
10. Individuals participating in any clinical trial with another investigational product during the pregnancy or intent to participate in another clinical study at any time during the conduct of this study.
11. Pregnant with a fetus with a known or suspected congenital anomaly
12. Individuals who are acting as study personnel or immediate family members (brother, sister, child, parent) or the spouse of study personnel.
13. Individuals with a fever (oral temperature ≥ 38°C/100.4 °F) within 3 days prior to intended study vaccination.
14. Individuals with a history of culture confirmed GBS case in the infant(s) previously born to her.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: GBS Group; Healthy pregnant women, between and including 18-40 years of age, at 24 0/7 through 34 6/7 weeks of gestation, with the intent to breastfeed, who received a single dose of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) trivalent vaccine, injected intramuscularly. (Pregnant women are referred to as maternal subjects as the study period spans from pregnancy to Day 180 postpartum).	Biological: GBS trivalent vaccine; Intramuscular injection - Liquid formulation of a vaccine containing polysaccharide capsules from serotypes Ia, Ib, and III of the Group B Streptococcus and conjugated to the Corynebacterium diphtheriae CRM197 carrier protein
Active Comparator: Placebo Group; Healthy pregnant women, between and including 18-40 years of age, at 24 0/7 through 34 6/7 weeks of gestation, with the intent to breastfeed, who received a single dose of Placebo, injected intramuscularly. (Pregnant women are referred to as maternal subjects as the study period spans from pregnancy to Day 180 postpartum).	Biological: Placebo; Intramuscular injection - Normal saline

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Concentration of Serotype Ia GBS IgG Levels in Infant Serum at Delivery and at Days 42 and 90 of Age	To evaluate serotype-specific Ia GBS serum IgG antibody levels (anti-Ia) in infants born to maternal subjects receiving the GBS trivalent vaccine, as measured at birth, Day 42 and Day 90 of age. Antibody concentrations were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), expressed as geometric mean concentrations (GMCs), in micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL).	At Birth, Day 42 and Day 90
Concentration of Serotype Ib GBS IgG Levels in Infant Serum at Delivery and at Days 42 and 90 of Age	To evaluate serotype-specific Ib GBS serum IgG antibody levels (anti-Ib) in infants born to maternal subjects receiving the GBS trivalent vaccine, as measured at birth, Day 42 and Day 90 of age. As the singleton ELISA was no longer in use at the time of serotypes Ib and III testing, results for both serotypes were tested using multiplex immunoassay	At Birth, Day 42 and Day 90
Concentration of Serotype III GBS IgG Levels in Infant Serum at Delivery and at Days 42 and 90 of Age	To evaluate serotype-specific III GBS serum IgG antibody levels (anti-III) in infants born to maternal subjects receiving the GBS trivalent vaccine, as measured at birth, Day 42 and Day 90 of age. As the singleton ELISA was no longer in use at the time of serotypes Ib and III testing, results for both serotypes were tested using multiplex immunoassay.	At Birth, Day 42 and Day 90
Concentration of Serotype Ia GBS IgG Levels in Maternal Serum at Pre-vaccination, at Study Day 31, at Delivery and at Days 42 and 90 Postpartum	To evaluate serotype-specific (Ia) GBS serum IgG antibody levels (anti-Ia) in maternal subjects. Antibody concentrations were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), expressed as geometric mean concentrations (GMCs), in micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL).	At Day 1 (pre-vaccination), Day 31 (post-vaccination), Delivery, Days 42 and 90 (postpartum)
Concentration of Serotype Ib GBS IgG Levels in Maternal Serum at Pre-vaccination, at Study Day 31, at Delivery and at Days 42 and 90 Postpartum	To evaluate serotype-specific (Ib) GBS serum IgG antibody levels (anti-Ib) in maternal subjects. As the singleton ELISA was no longer in use at the time of serotypes Ib and III testing, results for both serotypes were tested using multiplex immunoassay.	At Day 1 (pre-vaccination), Day 31 (post-vaccination), Delivery, Days 42 and 90 (postpartum)
Concentration of Serotype III GBS IgG Levels in Maternal Serum at Pre-vaccination, at Study Day 31, at Delivery and at Days 42 and 90 Postpartum	To evaluate serotype-specific (III) GBS serum IgG antibody levels (anti-III) in maternal subjects. As the singleton ELISA was no longer in use at the time of serotypes Ib and III testing, results for both serotypes were tested using multiplex immunoassay.	At Day 1 (pre-vaccination), Day 31 (post-vaccination), Delivery, Days 42 and 90 (postpartum)
Ratio Relative to Pre-vaccination Levels of Maternal Serum GBS IgG Antibody Levels - Serotype Ia, as Measured at Study Day 31, at Delivery and at Days 42 and 90 Postpartum	Geometric Mean Ratio relative to pre-vaccination (Day 1) of serotype-specific (Ia) GBS serum IgG antibody concentrations (anti-Ia) in maternal subjects. Antibody concentrations were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), expressed as geometric mean concentrations (GMCs), in micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL).	At Day 31 (post-vaccination), Delivery, Days 42 and 90 (postpartum)
Ratio Relative to Pre-vaccination Levels of Maternal Serum GBS IgG Antibody Levels - Serotype Ib, as Measured at Study Day 31, at Delivery and at Days 42 and 90 Postpartum	Geometric Mean Ratio relative to pre-vaccination (Day 1) of serotype-specific (Ib) GBS serum IgG antibody concentrations (anti-Ib) in maternal subjects. As the singleton ELISA was no longer in use at the time of serotypes Ib and III testing, results for both serotypes were tested using multiplex immunoassay.	At Day 31 (post-vaccination), Delivery, Days 42 and 90 (postpartum)
Ratio Relative to Pre-vaccination Levels of Maternal Serum GBS IgG Antibody Levels - Serotype III, as Measured at Study Day 31, at Delivery and at Days 42 and 90 Postpartum	Geometric Mean Ratio relative to pre-vaccination (Day 1) of serotype-specific (III) GBS serum IgG antibody concentrations (anti-III) in maternal subjects. As the singleton ELISA was no longer in use at the time of serotypes Ib and III testing, results for both serotypes were tested using multiplex immunoassay.	At Day 31 (post-vaccination), Delivery, Days 42 and 90 (postpartum)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Ratio of GBS IgG Antibody Levels - Serotype Ia in Infant Serum Relative to Maternal Serum at the Time of Delivery	To evaluate the relationship of serotype-specific Ia GBS IgG antibody levels (anti-Ia) in the infant serum to the GBS IgG antibody levels in the maternal serum at the time of delivery/birth. Antibody concentrations were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), expressed as geometric mean concentrations (GMCs), in micrograms per milliliter (µg/mL).	At Delivery
Ratio of GBS IgG Antibody Levels - Serotype Ib in Infant Serum Relative to Maternal Serum at the Time of Delivery	To evaluate the relationship of serotype-specific Ib GBS IgG antibody levels (anti-Ib) in the infant serum to the GBS IgG antibody levels in the maternal serum at the time of delivery/birth. As the singleton ELISA was no longer in use at the time of serotypes Ib and III testing, results for both serotypes were tested using multiplex immunoassay.	At Delivery
Ratio of GBS IgG Antibody Levels - Serotype III in Infant Serum Relative to Maternal Serum at the Time of Delivery	To evaluate the relationship of serotype-specific III GBS IgG antibody levels (anti-III) in the infant serum to the GBS IgG antibody levels in the maternal serum at the time of delivery/birth. As the singleton ELISA was no longer in use at the time of serotypes Ib and III testing, results for both serotypes were tested using multiplex immunoassay.	At Delivery
Percentage of Maternal Subjects With Solicited Local and Solicited Systemic Adverse Events (AEs) up to 30 Minutes	Percentage and frequency of maternal subjects with solicited local and solicited systemic AEs up to Study Day 7 and calculated for four time intervals after vaccination: 30 minutes, Study Days 1-3 (without 30 min), Study Days 4-7, Study Days 1-7 (without 30 min). Threshold for Ecchymosis, Erythema, Swelling and Induration: Grade 0 (<25 mm), Any (≥ 25 mm). Systemic fever includes subjects with body temperature ≥ 38 °C irrespective of route of measurement.	Up to 30 minutes post-vaccination
Percentage of Maternal Subjects With Solicited Local and Solicited Systemic AEs - Study Days 1-3	Percentage and frequency of maternal subjects with solicited local and solicited systemic AEs up to Study Day 7 and calculated for four time intervals after vaccination: 30 minutes, Study Days 1-3 (without 30 min), Study Days 4-7, Study Days 1-7 (without 30 min). Threshold for Ecchymosis, Erythema, Swelling and Induration: Grade 0 (<25 mm), Any (≥ 25 mm). Systemic fever includes subjects with body temperature ≥ 38 °C irrespective of route of measurement.	During Study Days 1-3 (from 6 hours through Day 3 post-vaccination)
Percentage of Maternal Subjects With Solicited Local and Solicited Systemic AEs - Study Days 4-7	Percentage and frequency of maternal subjects with solicited local and solicited systemic AEs up to Study Day 7 and calculated for four time intervals after vaccination: 30 minutes, Study Days 1-3 (without 30 min), Study Days 4-7, Study Days 1-7 (without 30 min). Threshold for Ecchymosis, Erythema, Swelling and Induration: Grade 0 (<25 mm), Any (≥ 25 mm). Systemic fever includes subjects with body temperature ≥ 38 °C irrespective of route of measurement.	During Study Days 4-7
Percentage of Maternal Subjects With Solicited Local and Solicited Systemic AEs - Study Days 1-7	Percentage and frequency of maternal subjects with solicited local and solicited systemic adverse events up to Study Day 7 and calculated for four time intervals after vaccination: 30 minutes, Study Days 1-3 (without 30 min), Study Days 4-7, Study Days 1-7 (without 30 min). Threshold for Ecchymosis, Erythema, Swelling and Induration: Grade 0 (<25 mm), Any (≥ 25 mm). Systemic fever includes subjects with body temperature ≥ 38 °C irrespective of route of measurement.	During Study Days 1-7 (from 6 hours through Day 7 post-vaccination)
Percentage of Maternal Subjects With Any Unsolicited AEs	An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a subject or clinical investigation subject administered a pharmaceutical product at any dose that does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. Therefore, an AE can be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding, for example), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of an investigational product, whether or not considered related to the investigational product. This definition includes inter-current illnesses or injuries and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions.	From Study Day 1 through Study Day 31
Percentage of Maternal Subjects With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), Unsolicited Medically Attended AEs (MAEs) and Unsolicited AEs Leading to Study Withdrawal (AEs Lead. Wthwal)	An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose results in one or more of the following: death; life-threatening; that does not refer to an event which hypothetically might have caused death if it were more severe; required or prolonged hospitalization; persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly/or birth defect; any important and significant medical event that may not be immediately life-threatening or resulting in death or hospitalization but, based upon appropriate medical judgement, may jeopardize the subject or may require intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed above. An MAE is defined as an adverse event that leads to an unscheduled visit to a healthcare practitioner.	From Study Day 1 through Study Day 31
Percentage of Maternal Subjects With SAEs, Unsolicited MAEs and Unsolicited AEs Leading to Study Withdrawal (AEs Lead. Wthwal)	An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose results in one or more of the following: death; life-threatening; that does not refer to an event which hypothetically might have caused death if it were more severe; required or prolonged hospitalization; persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly/or birth defect; any important and significant medical event that may not be immediately life-threatening or resulting in death or hospitalization but, based upon appropriate medical judgement, may jeopardize the subject or may require intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed above. An MAE is defined as an adverse event that leads to an unscheduled visit to a healthcare practitioner.	From Study Day 32 through Day 180 postpartum
Percentage of Infants With SAEs, Unsolicited MAEs and AEs Leading to Study Withdrawal	An SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose results in one or more of the following: death; life-threatening; that does not refer to an event which hypothetically might have caused death if it were more severe; required or prolonged hospitalization; persistent or significant disability/incapacity; congenital anomaly/or birth defect; any important and significant medical event that may not be immediately life-threatening or resulting in death or hospitalization but, based upon appropriate medical judgement, may jeopardize the subject or may require intervention to prevent one of the other outcomes listed above. An MAE is defined as an adverse event that leads to an unscheduled visit to a healthcare practitioner.	From Birth through Day 180 of age
Birth Weight of Infants (Mean-Standard Deviation)	Weight at birth was summarized by reporting the mean and standard deviation,	At Birth
Birth Weight of Infants (Median, Minimum and Maximum)	Weight at birth was summarized by reporting the median and the minimum and maximum.	At Birth
Birth Length and Head Circumference of Infants (Mean - Standard Deviation)	Length and head circumference at birth were summarized by reporting the mean and standard deviation.	At Birth
Birth Length and Head Circumference of Infants (Median - Minimum and Maximum)	Length and head circumference at birth were summarized by reporting the median and minimum and maximum	At birth
Infants Apgar Scores (Mean - Standard Deviation)	Apgar (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace response, Activity and Respiration) test to evaluate the new-born's physical condition. Apgar score between 0 and 10 (highest score possible). If 1 and 5 minutes Apgar score were normal, 10 minutes Apgar score might not be required.	At 1, 5 and 10 minutes
Infants Apgar Scores (Median, Minimum and Maximum)	Apgar (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace response, Activity and Respiration) test to evaluate the new-born's physical condition. Apgar scores between 0 and 10 (highest score possible). If 1 and 5 minutes Apgar score were normal, 10 minutes Apgar score might not be required.	At 1, 5 and 10 minutes
Descriptive Statistics for the Score for the Long-term Developmental Outcome Assessed by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition Screening Test (PsychCorp) in Infants (Mean - Standard Deviation)	Long-term developmental outcome assessed by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd edition Screening Test (PsychCorp). The screening test measured three domains: cognitive, language (receptive vs expressive communication), and motor (fine vs gross). Scaled scores range from 1 to 19 with a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3. The scores were summarized by reporting the mean and standard deviation.	At Day 180 of age
Descriptive Statistics for the Score for the Long-term Developmental Outcome Assessed by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition Screening Test (PsychCorp) in Infants (Median, Minimum and Maximum)	Long-term developmental outcome assessed by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd edition Screening Test (PsychCorp). The screening test measured three domains: cognitive, language (receptive vs expressive communication), and motor (fine vs gross). Scaled scores range from 1 to 19 with a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3. The scores were summarized by reporting the median, minimum and maximum.	At Day 180 of age

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline
• Collaborators: Novartis Vaccines

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Swamy GK, Metz TD, Edwards KM, Soper DE, Beigi RH, Campbell JD, Grassano L, Buffi G, Dreisbach A, Margarit I, Karsten A, Henry O, Lattanzi M, Bebia Z. Safety and immunogenicity of an investigational maternal trivalent group B streptococcus vaccine in pregnant women and their infants: Results from a randomized placebo-controlled phase II trial. Vaccine. 2020 Oct 14;38(44):6930-6940. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.056. Epub 2020 Sep 1.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 18, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 30, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): March 26, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 21, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 23, 2014
• First Posted (Estimate): January 27, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 29, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 7, 2020
• Last Verified: December 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: pregnant women; IgG; IgA; GBS; Maternal vaccine
• Other Study ID Numbers: 205235; V98_12 (Other Identifier: Novartis)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Yes
• IPD Plan Description: IPD for this study is available via the Clinical Study Data Request site.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: IPD is available via the Clinical Study Data Request site (copy the URL below to your browser)
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Access is provided after a research proposal is submitted and has received approval from the Independent Review Panel and after a Data Sharing Agreement is in place. Access is provided for an initial period of 12 months but an extension can be granted, when justified, for up to another 12 months.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: Study Protocol; Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP); Informed Consent Form (ICF); Clinical Study Report (CSR)