Dose-Escalated Photon IMRT or Proton Beam Radiation Therapy Versus Standard-Dose Radiation Therapy and Temozolomide in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma

Randomized Phase II Trial of Hypofractionated Dose-Escalated Photon IMRT or Proton Beam Therapy Versus Conventional Photon Irradiation With Concomitant and Adjuvant Temozolomide in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma

This randomized phase II trial studies how well dose-escalated photon intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or proton beam radiation therapy works compared with standard-dose radiation therapy when given with temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays and other types of radiation to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. Specialized radiation therapy that delivers a high dose of radiation directly to the tumor may kill more tumor cells and cause less damage to normal tissue. Drugs, such as temozolomide, may make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy. It is not yet known whether dose-escalated photon IMRT or proton beam radiation therapy is more effective than standard-dose radiation therapy with temozolomide in treating glioblastoma.

Study Overview

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Conditions: Glioblastoma
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment; Other: Questionnaire Administration; Drug: Temozolomide; Radiation: 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy; Radiation: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy; Radiation: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy; Radiation: Photon Beam Radiation Therapy; Radiation: Proton Beam Radiation Therapy

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To determine if dose-escalated and -intensified photon IMRT or proton beam therapy (using a dose-per-fraction escalation with simultaneous integrated boost) with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide improves overall survival, as compared to standard-dose photon irradiation with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To indirectly compare dose-escalated and -intensified photon IMRT to dose-escalated and -intensified proton beam therapy in terms of overall survival.

II. To indirectly compare and record toxicities of dose-escalated and -intensified photon IMRT versus dose-escalated and -intensified proton beam therapy and directly compare the toxicities of these approaches versus standard-dose photon irradiation on the backbone of concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide.

III. To determine if dose-escalated and -intensified IMRT or proton beam therapy (using a dose-per-fraction escalation with simultaneous integrated boost) with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide improves perceived cognitive symptom severity, as compared to standard-dose photon irradiation with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide.

IV. To determine if dose-escalated and -intensified photon IMRT or proton beam therapy (using a dose-per-fraction escalation with simultaneous integrated boost) with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide improves neurocognitive function, as compared to standard-dose photon irradiation with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide.

V. To indirectly determine if dose-escalated and -intensified proton beam therapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide improves perceived cognitive symptom severity, as compared to dose-escalated and -intensified photon IMRT, and to directly compare symptom burden with these approaches versus standard-dose photon irradiation on the backbone of concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide.

VI. To indirectly determine if dose-escalated and -intensified proton beam therapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide improves neurocognitive function, as compared to dose-escalated and -intensified photon IMRT, and to directly compare neurocognitive function with these approaches versus standard-dose photon irradiation on the backbone of concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. Tissue banking for future translational science projects that will be determined based on the state of the science at the time the primary endpoint is reported and will be submitted to National Cancer Institute (NCI) for review and approval.

II. To prospectively compare CD4 lymphopenia between dose-escalated and intensified proton beam therapy, dose-escalated and -intensified photon IMRT, and standard-dose photon irradiation and determine whether CD4 lymphopenia impacts overall survival.

III. To explore the most appropriate and clinically relevant technological parameters to ensure quality and effectiveness throughout radiation therapy processes, including imaging, simulation, patient immobilization, target and critical structure definition, treatment planning, image guidance and delivery.

IIIa. To establish feasibility and clinical relevancy of quality assurance guidelines.

IIIb. To evaluate efficacy of quality assurance tools. IV. To explore the most appropriate and clinically relevant advanced and standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging parameters.

IVa. To evaluate the feasibility of differentiating pseudo-progression and true progression in a multi institutional setting using magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion and perfusion imaging.

IVb. To evaluate for early, imaging biomarkers of response and overall survival.

OUTLINE: Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 groups depending on enrolling institution. Within each group, patients will be randomized 1:2 in favor of the experimental arms.

GROUP I (PHOTON IMRT CENTERS): Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

ARM A1: Patients undergo standard-dose photon irradiation using 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) or IMRT once daily (QD), 5 days a week for 23 fractions plus a boost of 7 additional fractions.

ARM B: Patients undergo dose-escalated and -intensified photon IMRT QD, 5 days a week for a total of 30 fractions.

GROUP II (PROTON CENTERS): Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

ARM A2: Patients undergo standard-dose photon irradiation using 3D-CRT or IMRT as in Arm A1.

ARM C: Patients undergo dose-escalated and -intensified proton beam radiation therapy QD, 5 days a week for a total of 30 fractions.

In all treatment arms, patients receive temozolomide orally (PO) QD on days 1-49 of radiation therapy. Beginning 4 weeks later, patients receive temozolomide PO QD on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months for 1 year, every 4 months for 1 year, and then every 6 months thereafter.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 606
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • British Columbia
    • Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, V8R 6V5
      • BCCA-Vancouver Island Cancer Centre
  • Ontario
    • Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8L6
      • Ottawa Hospital and Cancer Center-General Campus
    • Windsor, Ontario, Canada, N8W 2X3
      • Windsor Regional Cancer Centre
  • Quebec
    • Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3H 2R9
      • The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC)
    • Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 3E4
      • CHUM - Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal
    • Québec, Quebec, Canada, G1R 2J6
      • CHU de Quebec-L'Hotel-Dieu de Quebec (HDQ)
  • Saskatchewan
    • Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 4H4
      • Saskatoon Cancer Centre
• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35233
      • University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Center
  • Arizona
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85054
      • Mayo Clinic Hospital in Arizona
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85013
      • Saint Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center
    • Scottsdale, Arizona, United States, 85259
      • Mayo Clinic in Arizona
    • Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85719
      • Banner University Medical Center - Tucson
    • Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85704
      • Arizona Oncology Associates-West Orange Grove
  • Arkansas
    • Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, 72205
      • University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
  • California
    • Auburn, California, United States, 95603
      • Sutter Cancer Centers Radiation Oncology Services-Auburn
    • Bakersfield, California, United States, 93301
      • AIS Cancer Center at San Joaquin Community Hospital
    • Berkeley, California, United States, 94704
      • Alta Bates Summit Medical Center-Herrick Campus
    • Cameron Park, California, United States, 95682
      • Sutter Cancer Centers Radiation Oncology Services-Cameron Park
    • Castro Valley, California, United States, 94546
      • Eden Hospital Medical Center
    • Fresno, California, United States, 93720
      • Fresno Cancer Center
    • Greenbrae, California, United States, 94904
      • Marin General Hospital
    • Loma Linda, California, United States, 92354
      • Loma Linda University Medical Center
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033
      • USC / Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90048
      • Cedars Sinai Medical Center
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033
      • Los Angeles General Medical Center
    • Marysville, California, United States, 95901
      • Fremont - Rideout Cancer Center
    • Modesto, California, United States, 95355
      • Memorial Medical Center
    • Oakland, California, United States, 94611
      • Kaiser Permanente Oakland-Broadway
    • Orange, California, United States, 92868
      • UC Irvine Health/Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Orange, California, United States, 92868
      • Saint Joseph Hospital - Orange
    • Palo Alto, California, United States, 94301
      • Palo Alto Medical Foundation Health Care
    • Pomona, California, United States, 91767
      • Pomona Valley Hospital Medical Center
    • Rancho Cordova, California, United States, 95670
      • Kaiser Permanente-Rancho Cordova Cancer Center
    • Rohnert Park, California, United States, 94928
      • Rohnert Park Cancer Center
    • Roseville, California, United States, 95678
      • The Permanente Medical Group-Roseville Radiation Oncology
    • Roseville, California, United States, 95661
      • Sutter Cancer Centers Radiation Oncology Services-Roseville
    • Sacramento, California, United States, 95816
      • Sutter Medical Center Sacramento
    • Sacramento, California, United States, 95817
      • University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Sacramento, California, United States, 95823
      • South Sacramento Cancer Center
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94115
      • California Pacific Medical Center-Pacific Campus
    • Santa Cruz, California, United States, 95065
      • Palo Alto Medical Foundation-Santa Cruz
    • South San Francisco, California, United States, 94080
      • Kaiser Permanente Cancer Treatment Center
    • Sunnyvale, California, United States, 94086
      • Palo Alto Medical Foundation-Sunnyvale
    • Walnut Creek, California, United States, 94598
      • John Muir Medical Center-Walnut Creek
  • Colorado
    • Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States, 80909
      • UCHealth Memorial Hospital Central
    • Fort Collins, Colorado, United States, 80524
      • Poudre Valley Hospital
  • Connecticut
    • Hartford, Connecticut, United States, 06102
      • Hartford Hospital
  • Florida
    • Boca Raton, Florida, United States, 33486
      • Boca Raton Regional Hospital
    • Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32610
      • UF Health Cancer Institute - Gainesville
    • Jacksonville, Florida, United States, 32207
      • Baptist MD Anderson Cancer Center
    • Jacksonville, Florida, United States, 32209
      • University of Florida Health Science Center - Jacksonville
    • Jacksonville, Florida, United States, 32258
      • Baptist Medical Center South
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33176
      • Miami Cancer Institute
    • Tampa, Florida, United States, 33612
      • Moffitt Cancer Center
  • Georgia
    • Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30308
      • Emory University Hospital Midtown
    • Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322
      • Emory University Hospital/Winship Cancer Institute
    • Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30308
      • Emory Proton Therapy Center
    • Savannah, Georgia, United States, 31405
      • Lewis Cancer and Research Pavilion at Saint Joseph's/Candler
  • Idaho
    • Boise, Idaho, United States, 83706
      • Saint Alphonsus Cancer Care Center-Boise
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611
      • Northwestern University
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60637
      • University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612
      • John H Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612
      • Rush MD Anderson Cancer Center
    • DeKalb, Illinois, United States, 60115
      • Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Kishwaukee
    • Decatur, Illinois, United States, 62526
      • Decatur Memorial Hospital
    • Geneva, Illinois, United States, 60134
      • Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Delnor
    • New Lenox, Illinois, United States, 60451
      • UC Comprehensive Cancer Center at Silver Cross
    • Park Ridge, Illinois, United States, 60068
      • Advocate Lutheran General Hospital
    • Peoria, Illinois, United States, 61637
      • OSF Saint Francis Medical Center
    • Springfield, Illinois, United States, 62781
      • Springfield Memorial Hospital
    • Warrenville, Illinois, United States, 60555
      • Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Warrenville
  • Indiana
    • Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States, 46805
      • Parkview Hospital Randallia
    • Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States, 46845
      • Parkview Regional Medical Center
    • Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States, 46804
      • Radiation Oncology Associates PC
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46219
      • Community Cancer Center East
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46227
      • Community Cancer Center South
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46256
      • Community Cancer Center North
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202
      • IU Health Methodist Hospital
    • Muncie, Indiana, United States, 47303
      • IU Health Ball Memorial Hospital
  • Iowa
    • Cedar Rapids, Iowa, United States, 52403
      • Mercy Hospital
    • Des Moines, Iowa, United States, 50309
      • Iowa Methodist Medical Center
  • Kansas
    • Kansas City, Kansas, United States, 66160
      • University of Kansas Cancer Center
    • Overland Park, Kansas, United States, 66210
      • University of Kansas Cancer Center-Overland Park
  • Kentucky
    • Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40202
      • Norton Hospital Pavilion and Medical Campus
  • Louisiana
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70121
      • Ochsner Medical Center Jefferson
    • Shreveport, Louisiana, United States, 71103
      • Willis-Knighton Medical and Cancer Center
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21201
      • University of Maryland/Greenebaum Cancer Center
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21201
      • Maryland Proton Treatment Center
    • Bel Air, Maryland, United States, 21014
      • UM Upper Chesapeake Medical Center
    • Columbia, Maryland, United States, 21044
      • Central Maryland Radiation Oncology in Howard County
    • Glen Burnie, Maryland, United States, 21061
      • UM Baltimore Washington Medical Center/Tate Cancer Center
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02111
      • Tufts Medical Center
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02118
      • Boston Medical Center
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114
      • Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
    • Danvers, Massachusetts, United States, 01923
      • Mass General/North Shore Cancer Center
    • Lowell, Massachusetts, United States, 01854
      • Lowell General Hospital
  • Michigan
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109
      • University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48106
      • Trinity Health Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital Ann Arbor
    • Bay City, Michigan, United States, 48706
      • McLaren Cancer Institute-Bay City
    • Dearborn, Michigan, United States, 48124
      • Corewell Health Dearborn Hospital
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48202
      • Henry Ford Hospital
    • Flint, Michigan, United States, 48532
      • McLaren Cancer Institute-Flint
    • Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States, 49503
      • Trinity Health Grand Rapids Hospital
    • Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States, 49503
      • Corewell Health Grand Rapids Hospitals - Butterworth Hospital
    • Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States, 49007
      • West Michigan Cancer Center
    • Lapeer, Michigan, United States, 48446
      • McLaren Cancer Institute-Lapeer Region
    • Livonia, Michigan, United States, 48154
      • Trinity Health Saint Mary Mercy Livonia Hospital
    • Mount Clemens, Michigan, United States, 48043
      • McLaren Cancer Institute-Macomb
    • Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States, 48858
      • McLaren Cancer Institute-Central Michigan
    • Owosso, Michigan, United States, 48867
      • McLaren Cancer Institute-Owosso
    • Petoskey, Michigan, United States, 49770
      • McLaren Cancer Institute-Northern Michigan
    • Pontiac, Michigan, United States, 48341
      • Trinity Health Saint Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital
    • Royal Oak, Michigan, United States, 48073
      • Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital
    • Saint Joseph, Michigan, United States, 49085
      • Corewell Health Lakeland Hospitals - Saint Joseph Hospital
    • Troy, Michigan, United States, 48085
      • Corewell Health Beaumont Troy Hospital
  • Minnesota
    • Bemidji, Minnesota, United States, 56601
      • Sanford Joe Lueken Cancer Center
    • Duluth, Minnesota, United States, 55805
      • Saint Luke's Hospital of Duluth
    • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
      • Mayo Clinic in Rochester
    • Saint Cloud, Minnesota, United States, 56303
      • Coborn Cancer Center at Saint Cloud Hospital
    • Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, 55101
      • Regions Hospital
  • Mississippi
    • Jackson, Mississippi, United States, 39216
      • University of Mississippi Medical Center
  • Missouri
    • Kansas City, Missouri, United States, 64154
      • University of Kansas Cancer Center - North
    • Kansas City, Missouri, United States, 64116
      • North Kansas City Hospital
    • St Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110
      • Washington University School of Medicine
  • Montana
    • Billings, Montana, United States, 59101
      • Billings Clinic Cancer Center
  • Nevada
    • Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, 89148
      • Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada
    • Reno, Nevada, United States, 89502
      • Renown Regional Medical Center
    • Reno, Nevada, United States, 89503
      • Saint Mary's Regional Medical Center
  • New Hampshire
    • Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States, 03756
      • Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center/Dartmouth Cancer Center
  • New Jersey
    • Basking Ridge, New Jersey, United States, 07920
      • Memorial Sloan Kettering Basking Ridge
    • New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States, 08903
      • Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
    • New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States, 08903
      • Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital
    • Pennington, New Jersey, United States, 08534
      • Capital Health Medical Center-Hopewell
    • Somerset, New Jersey, United States, 08873
      • ProCure Proton Therapy Center-Somerset
    • Voorhees Township, New Jersey, United States, 08043
      • Virtua Voorhees
  • New York
    • Brooklyn, New York, United States, 11215
      • New York-Presbyterian/Brooklyn Methodist Hospital
    • Commack, New York, United States, 11725
      • Memorial Sloan Kettering Commack
    • Harrison, New York, United States, 10604
      • Memorial Sloan Kettering Westchester
    • Lake Success, New York, United States, 11042
      • Northwell Health/Center for Advanced Medicine
    • New York, New York, United States, 10065
      • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
    • New York, New York, United States, 10032
      • NYP/Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • New York, New York, United States, 10016
      • Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone
    • The Bronx, New York, United States, 10467
      • Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Campus
  • North Carolina
    • Asheville, North Carolina, United States, 28801
      • Mission Hospital
    • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27157
      • Wake Forest University Health Sciences
    • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27103
      • Novant Health Forsyth Medical Center
  • North Dakota
    • Bismarck, North Dakota, United States, 58501
      • Sanford Bismarck Medical Center
    • Fargo, North Dakota, United States, 58122
      • Sanford Roger Maris Cancer Center
  • Ohio
    • Akron, Ohio, United States, 44307
      • Cleveland Clinic Akron General
    • Beachwood, Ohio, United States, 44122
      • UHHS-Chagrin Highlands Medical Center
    • Chardon, Ohio, United States, 44024
      • Geauga Hospital
    • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45219
      • University of Cincinnati Cancer Center-UC Medical Center
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106
      • Case Western Reserve University
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195
      • Cleveland Clinic Foundation
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44111
      • Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center/Fairview Hospital
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43214
      • Riverside Methodist Hospital
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
      • Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Elyria, Ohio, United States, 44035
      • Mercy Cancer Center-Elyria
    • Independence, Ohio, United States, 44131
      • Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center Independence
    • Mayfield Heights, Ohio, United States, 44124
      • Hillcrest Hospital Cancer Center
    • Mentor, Ohio, United States, 44060
      • UH Seidman Cancer Center at Lake Health Mentor Campus
    • Middleburg Heights, Ohio, United States, 44130
      • UH Seidman Cancer Center at Southwest General Hospital
    • Parma, Ohio, United States, 44129
      • University Hospitals Parma Medical Center
    • Sandusky, Ohio, United States, 44870
      • North Coast Cancer Care
    • Sandusky, Ohio, United States, 44870
      • UH Seidman Cancer Center at Firelands Regional Medical Center
    • Strongsville, Ohio, United States, 44136
      • Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center Strongsville
    • Toledo, Ohio, United States, 43614
      • University of Toledo
    • West Chester, Ohio, United States, 45069
      • University of Cincinnati Cancer Center-West Chester
    • Westlake, Ohio, United States, 44145
      • UHHS-Westlake Medical Center
    • Wooster, Ohio, United States, 44691
      • Cleveland Clinic Wooster Family Health and Surgery Center
  • Oklahoma
    • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73104
      • University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
  • Oregon
    • Eugene, Oregon, United States, 97401
      • Willamette Valley Cancer Center
    • Gresham, Oregon, United States, 97030
      • Legacy Mount Hood Medical Center
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97210
      • Legacy Good Samaritan Hospital and Medical Center
  • Pennsylvania
    • Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States, 18015
      • Saint Luke's University Hospital-Bethlehem Campus
    • Dunmore, Pennsylvania, United States, 18512
      • Northeast Radiation Oncology Center
    • Ephrata, Pennsylvania, United States, 17522
      • Ephrata Cancer Center
    • Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, United States, 17325
      • Adams Cancer Center
    • Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, United States, 17109
      • UPMC Pinnacle Cancer Center/Community Osteopathic Campus
    • Lebanon, Pennsylvania, United States, 17042
      • Sechler Family Cancer Center
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19107
      • Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19114
      • Jefferson Torresdale Hospital
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104
      • University of Pennsylvania/Abramson Cancer Center
    • West Reading, Pennsylvania, United States, 19611
      • Reading Hospital
    • York, Pennsylvania, United States, 17403
      • WellSpan Health-York Cancer Center
  • South Carolina
    • Boiling Springs, South Carolina, United States, 29316
      • Prisma Health Cancer Institute - Spartanburg
    • Charleston, South Carolina, United States, 29425
      • Medical University of South Carolina
    • Greenville, South Carolina, United States, 29605
      • Prisma Health Cancer Institute - Faris
    • Greenville, South Carolina, United States, 29615
      • Prisma Health Cancer Institute - Eastside
    • Greenwood, South Carolina, United States, 29646
      • Self Regional Healthcare
    • Greer, South Carolina, United States, 29650
      • Prisma Health Cancer Institute - Greer
    • Seneca, South Carolina, United States, 29672
      • Prisma Health Cancer Institute - Seneca
  • South Dakota
    • Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States, 57117-5134
      • Sanford USD Medical Center - Sioux Falls
  • Tennessee
    • Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, 37909
      • Tennessee Cancer Specialists-Dowell Springs
  • Texas
    • Austin, Texas, United States, 78701
      • Dell Seton Medical Center at The University of Texas
    • Austin, Texas, United States, 78702
      • Austin Cancer Centers-Central Austin
    • Austin, Texas, United States, 78705
      • Texas Oncology-Austin Midtown
    • Austin, Texas, United States, 78731
      • Texas Oncology - Central Austin Cancer Center
    • Austin, Texas, United States, 78745
      • Texas Oncology - South Austin Cancer Center
    • Austin, Texas, United States, 78758
      • Austin Cancer Centers-North
    • Dallas, Texas, United States, 75390
      • UT Southwestern/Simmons Cancer Center-Dallas
    • Denison, Texas, United States, 75020
      • Texas Oncology - Denison Cancer Center
    • Flower Mound, Texas, United States, 75028
      • Texas Oncology-Flower Mound
    • Fort Worth, Texas, United States, 76104
      • Texas Oncology - Fort Worth Cancer Center
    • Galveston, Texas, United States, 77555-0565
      • University of Texas Medical Branch
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
      • M D Anderson Cancer Center
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77024
      • Memorial Hermann Memorial City Medical Center
    • League City, Texas, United States, 77573
      • UTMB Cancer Center at Victory Lakes
    • Lubbock, Texas, United States, 79410
      • Covenant Medical Center-Lakeside
    • Round Rock, Texas, United States, 78665
      • Texas Oncology-Seton Williamson
    • Round Rock, Texas, United States, 78681
      • Texas Oncology - Round Rock Cancer Center
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78229
      • University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
    • Sugar Land, Texas, United States, 77479
      • Texas Oncology Cancer Center Sugar Land
    • Tyler, Texas, United States, 75702
      • Texas Oncology - Tyler
  • Utah
    • Logan, Utah, United States, 84321
      • Logan Regional Hospital
    • Murray, Utah, United States, 84107
      • Intermountain Medical Center
    • Ogden, Utah, United States, 84403
      • McKay-Dee Hospital Center
    • Provo, Utah, United States, 84604
      • Utah Valley Regional Medical Center
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84112
      • Huntsman Cancer Institute/University of Utah
    • St. George, Utah, United States, 84770
      • Saint George Regional Medical Center
  • Vermont
    • Berlin Corners, Vermont, United States, 05602
      • Central Vermont Medical Center/National Life Cancer Treatment
    • Burlington, Vermont, United States, 05401
      • University of Vermont Medical Center
    • Saint Johnsbury, Vermont, United States, 05819
      • Dartmouth Cancer Center - North
  • Virginia
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298
      • VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • Washington
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98195
      • University of Washington Medical Center - Montlake
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98133
      • FHCC at Northwest Hospital
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98133
      • FHCC Proton Therapy Center
    • Vancouver, Washington, United States, 98686
      • Legacy Salmon Creek Hospital
    • Vancouver, Washington, United States, 98684
      • Compass Oncology Vancouver
  • West Virginia
    • Wheeling, West Virginia, United States, 26003
      • Wheeling Hospital/Schiffler Cancer Center
  • Wisconsin
    • Antigo, Wisconsin, United States, 54409
      • Langlade Hospital and Cancer Center
    • La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States, 54601
      • Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center
    • Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53792
      • University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center - University Hospital
    • Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States, 53051
      • Froedtert Menomonee Falls Hospital
    • Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, 53226
      • Medical College of Wisconsin
    • Waukesha, Wisconsin, United States, 53188
      • UW Cancer Center at ProHealth Care
    • Wausau, Wisconsin, United States, 54401
      • Aspirus Regional Cancer Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• PRIOR TO STEP 1 REGISTRATION

• A diagnostic contrast-enhanced MRI (no other scan type allowed) of the brain must be performed postoperatively; the residual enhancing tumor and/or resection cavity must have a maximal diameter of 5 cm or less; the tumor diameter will be the greatest diameter as measured on the contrast-enhanced postoperative MRI and will include residual disease and/or the postoperative surgical cavity as appropriate

  • The postoperative brain MRI should be obtained within 72 hours of resection; if it is not obtained within 72 hours post-resection, then an MRI obtained 2 weeks or longer after surgery is required and can be utilized to ensure maximal diameter of residual tumor and/or resection cavity is 5 cm or less
  • For cases where a gross total resection of enhancing tumor is performed, but postoperative surgical cavity is NOT identifiable, the patient will be excluded from the trial

• Tumor tissue must be available for submission for central pathology review

  • Timing requirements:

    • If MGMT has been assessed locally by LabCorps or MD Anderson Cancer Center Molecular Diagnostics Lab (MDACC-MDL):

      • Tissue for central pathology review and central MGMT assessment and the official LabCorps or MDACC-MDL MGMT result must be received by the NRG Oncology Biospecimen Bank on or before postoperative calendar day 40
      • The site's local MGMT report from LabCorp or MDACC-MDL will then be used to stratify the patient; a post-stratification MGMT central review will be performed, but step 2 registration and protocol treatment can proceed without central review of MGMT
      • Patients whose tissue for central pathology review and official LabCorps or MDACC-MDL MGMT result cannot be received by NRG Oncology Biospecimen Bank on or before 40 calendar days after surgery may NOT enroll on this trial, as central pathology review and stratification will not be complete in time for the patient to start treatment within 49 calendar days following surgery

    • If MGMT has not been assessed locally by LabCorps or MDACC-MDL:

      • Tissue for central pathology review and central MGMT assessment must be received by the NRG Oncology Biospecimen Bank on or before postoperative calendar day 30
      • Central MGMT analysis will be performed at MDACC-MDL and used for patient stratification; results will be conveyed to NRG Oncology within 10 business days of receipt of the tissue
      • Patients who have not had local MGMT assessment by LabCorps or MDACC-MDL and whose tissue for central pathology review cannot be received by NRG Oncology Biospecimen Bank on or before 30 calendar days after surgery may NOT enroll on this trial, as central pathology review and stratification will not be complete in time for the patient to start treatment within 49 calendar days following surgery

  • Tissue Requirements:

    • Patients must have at least 1 block of tumor tissue; submission of 2 blocks is strongly encouraged to maximize the chances of eligibility; in total, at least 1 cubic centimeter of tissue composed primarily of tumor must be present
    • Submission of an accompanying hematoxylin and eosin H&E slide(s) is MANDATORY
    • Diagnosis must be made by surgical excision, either partial or complete; stereotactic biopsy and cavitronic ultrasonic surgical (CUSA) techniques are not allowed
• The tumor must be located in the supratentorial compartment only (any component involving the brain stem or cerebellum is not allowed)
• Patients must provide study-specific informed consent prior to step 1 registration
• PRIOR TO STEP 2 REGISTRATION
• Histologically proven diagnosis of glioblastoma (World Health Organization [WHO] grade IV) confirmed by central review prior to step 2 registration
• Tumor tissue that is determined by central pathology review prior to step 2 registration to be of sufficient quantity for central analysis of MGMT status
• History/physical examination within 28 days prior to step 2 registration
• The patient must have recovered from effects of surgery, postoperative infection, and other complications within 28 days prior to step 2 registration
• Documentation of steroid doses within 28 days prior to step 2 registration
• Karnofsky performance status >= 70 within 28 days prior to step 2 registration
• Age >= 18
• Complete blood count (CBC)/differential obtained within 28 days prior to step 2 registration
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500 cells/mm^3 (obtained within 28 days prior to step 2 registration)
• Platelets >= 100,000 cells/mm^3 (obtained within 28 days prior to step 2 registration)
• Hemoglobin >= 10.0 g/dl (obtained within 28 days prior to step 2 registration) (note: the use of transfusion or other intervention to achieve hemoglobin [Hgb] >= 10.0 g/dl is acceptable)
• Bilirubin =< 1.5 upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 28 days prior to step 2 registration)
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =< 3 x ULN (within 28 days prior to step 2 registration)
• Negative serum pregnancy test obtained for females of child-bearing potential within 28 days prior to step 2 registration
• As of Amendment 2, if the registering site is a photon center (registering patients to group I), the patient must agree to participate in the advanced imaging sub-study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior invasive malignancy (except non-melanomatous skin cancer) unless disease-free for a minimum of 3 years; (for example, carcinoma in situ of the breast, oral cavity, or cervix are all permissible)
• Recurrent or multifocal malignant gliomas
• Any site of distant disease (for example, drop metastases from the GBM tumor site)
• Prior chemotherapy or radiosensitizers for cancers of the head and neck region; note that prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is allowable (except temozolomide)
• Prior use of Gliadel wafers or any other intratumoral or intracavitary treatment are not permitted
• Prior radiotherapy to the head or neck (except for T1 glottic cancer), resulting in overlap of radiation fields

• Severe, active co-morbidity, defined as follows:

  • Unstable angina at step 2 registration
  • Transmural myocardial infarction within the last 6 months prior to step 2 registration
  • Evidence of recent myocardial infarction or ischemia by the findings of S-T elevations of >= 2 mm using the analysis of an electrocardiogram (EKG) performed within 28 days prior to step 2 registration (Note: EKG to be performed only if clinical suspicion of cardiac issue)
  • New York Heart Association grade II or greater congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization within 12 months prior to step 2 registration
  • Serious and inadequately controlled arrhythmia at step 2 registration
  • Serious or non-healing wound, ulcer or bone fracture or history of abdominal fistula, intra-abdominal abscess requiring major surgical procedure, open biopsy or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to step 2 registration, with the exception of the craniotomy for surgical resection
  • Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of step 2 registration
  • Hepatic insufficiency resulting in clinical jaundice and/or coagulation defects; note, however, that laboratory tests for coagulation parameters are not required for entry into this protocol
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness requiring hospitalization or precluding study therapy at the time of step 2 registration
  • Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) based upon current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition; note, however, that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is not required for entry into this protocol; the need to exclude patients with AIDS from this protocol is because the treatments involved in this protocol may be significantly immunosuppressive with potentially fatal outcomes in patients already immunosuppressed
  • Any other severe immunocompromised condition
  • Active connective tissue disorders, such as lupus or scleroderma, that in the opinion of the treating physician may put the patient at high risk for radiation toxicity
  • End-stage renal disease (ie, on dialysis or dialysis has been recommended)
  • Any other major medical illnesses or psychiatric treatments that in the investigator's opinion will prevent administration or completion of protocol therapy
• Pregnancy or women of childbearing potential and men who are sexually active and not willing/able to use medically acceptable forms of contraception; this exclusion is necessary because the treatment involved in this study may be significantly teratogenic
• Patients treated on any other therapeutic clinical protocols within 30 days prior to step 2 registration
• Inability to undergo MRI (e.g., due to safety reasons, such as presence of a pacemaker, or severe claustrophobia)
• Postoperative tumor plus surgical bed size exceeds 5 cm in maximum diameter

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Arm A1 (control); Patients undergo standard-dose photon irradiation using 3D-CRT or IMRT QD, 5 days a week for 23 fractions plus a boost of 7 additional fractions. In all treatment arms, patients receive temozolomide PO QD on days 1-49 of radiation therapy. Beginning 4 weeks later, patients receive temozolomide PO QD on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies; Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment; Ancillary studies; Other Names: Quality of Life Assessment; Other: Questionnaire Administration; Ancillary studies; Drug: Temozolomide; Given PO; Other Names: Temodar; SCH 52365; Temodal; Temcad; Methazolastone; RP-46161; Temomedac; TMZ; CCRG-81045; Imidazo[5,1-d]-1,2,3,5-tetrazine-8-carboxamide, 3, 4-dihydro-3-methyl-4-oxo-; M & B 39831; M and B 39831; Gliotem; Temizole; Radiation: 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy; Undergo standard-dose 3D-CRT; Other Names: 3-dimensional radiation therapy; 3D CONFORMAL RADIATION THERAPY; 3D CRT; 3D-CRT; Conformal Therapy; Radiation Conformal Therapy; 3D Conformal; Radiation, 3D Conformal; 3D radiotherapy; Three dimensional external beam radiation therapy (procedure); Radiation: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy; Undergo standard-dose IMRT; Other Names: IMRT; Intensity Modulated RT; Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Radiation, Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Intensity modulated radiation therapy (procedure); Radiation: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy; Undergo dose-escalated and -intensified photon IMRT; Other Names: IMRT; Intensity Modulated RT; Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Radiation, Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Intensity modulated radiation therapy (procedure)
Active Comparator: Arm A2 (control); Patients undergo standard-dose photon irradiation using 3D-CRT or IMRT as in Arm A1. In all treatment arms, patients receive temozolomide PO QD on days 1-49 of radiation therapy. Beginning 4 weeks later, patients receive temozolomide PO QD on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies; Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment; Ancillary studies; Other Names: Quality of Life Assessment; Other: Questionnaire Administration; Ancillary studies; Drug: Temozolomide; Given PO; Other Names: Temodar; SCH 52365; Temodal; Temcad; Methazolastone; RP-46161; Temomedac; TMZ; CCRG-81045; Imidazo[5,1-d]-1,2,3,5-tetrazine-8-carboxamide, 3, 4-dihydro-3-methyl-4-oxo-; M & B 39831; M and B 39831; Gliotem; Temizole; Radiation: 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy; Undergo standard-dose 3D-CRT; Other Names: 3-dimensional radiation therapy; 3D CONFORMAL RADIATION THERAPY; 3D CRT; 3D-CRT; Conformal Therapy; Radiation Conformal Therapy; 3D Conformal; Radiation, 3D Conformal; 3D radiotherapy; Three dimensional external beam radiation therapy (procedure); Radiation: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy; Undergo standard-dose IMRT; Other Names: IMRT; Intensity Modulated RT; Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Radiation, Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Intensity modulated radiation therapy (procedure); Radiation: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy; Undergo dose-escalated and -intensified photon IMRT; Other Names: IMRT; Intensity Modulated RT; Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Radiation, Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Intensity modulated radiation therapy (procedure)
Experimental: Arm B (photon IMRT); Patients undergo dose-escalated and -intensified photon IMRT QD, 5 days a week for a total of 30 fractions. In all treatment arms, patients receive temozolomide PO QD on days 1-49 of radiation therapy. Beginning 4 weeks later, patients receive temozolomide PO QD on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies; Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment; Ancillary studies; Other Names: Quality of Life Assessment; Other: Questionnaire Administration; Ancillary studies; Drug: Temozolomide; Given PO; Other Names: Temodar; SCH 52365; Temodal; Temcad; Methazolastone; RP-46161; Temomedac; TMZ; CCRG-81045; Imidazo[5,1-d]-1,2,3,5-tetrazine-8-carboxamide, 3, 4-dihydro-3-methyl-4-oxo-; M & B 39831; M and B 39831; Gliotem; Temizole; Radiation: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy; Undergo standard-dose IMRT; Other Names: IMRT; Intensity Modulated RT; Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Radiation, Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Intensity modulated radiation therapy (procedure); Radiation: Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy; Undergo dose-escalated and -intensified photon IMRT; Other Names: IMRT; Intensity Modulated RT; Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Radiation, Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Intensity modulated radiation therapy (procedure); Radiation: Photon Beam Radiation Therapy; Undergo dose-escalated and -intensified photon IMRT; Other Names: Photon EBRT; Photon External Beam Radiotherapy; Radiation, Photon Beam; External beam radiation therapy using photons (procedure); Photon; PHOTON Therapy
Experimental: Arm C (proton beam radiation therapy); Patients undergo dose-escalated and -intensified proton beam therapy QD, 5 days a week for a total of 30 fractions. In all treatment arms, patients receive temozolomide PO QD on days 1-49 of radiation therapy. Beginning 4 weeks later, patients receive temozolomide PO QD on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 12 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies; Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment; Ancillary studies; Other Names: Quality of Life Assessment; Other: Questionnaire Administration; Ancillary studies; Drug: Temozolomide; Given PO; Other Names: Temodar; SCH 52365; Temodal; Temcad; Methazolastone; RP-46161; Temomedac; TMZ; CCRG-81045; Imidazo[5,1-d]-1,2,3,5-tetrazine-8-carboxamide, 3, 4-dihydro-3-methyl-4-oxo-; M & B 39831; M and B 39831; Gliotem; Temizole; Radiation: Proton Beam Radiation Therapy; Undergo dose-escalated and -intensified proton beam radiation therapy; Other Names: Proton Radiation Therapy; PBRT; Proton; Proton EBRT; Proton External Beam Radiotherapy; Radiation, Proton Beam; PROTON Therapy; External beam radiation therapy protons (procedure); External Beam Radiotherapy (protons)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Overall survival	Will be compared between dose-escalated and -intensified photon intensity-modulated radiation therapy or proton beam therapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide and the standard-dose photon irradiation with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide. The proportion of patients alive will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.	Date of randomization to the date of death due to any cause, assessed up to 5 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Overall survival	Will be compared between dose-escalated and -intensified photon intensity-modulated radiation therapy to dose-escalated and -intensified proton beam therapy. If the instrumental variable assumptions hold, overall survival rate will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.	Date of randomization to the date of death, assessed up to 5 years
Progression-free survival	Progression-free survival rates will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.	Date of randomization to the date of progression or death, assessed up to 5 years
Incidence of treatment-related toxicity, as measured by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4	The number and frequency of observed severities of toxicities (grade 3+) by arm will be reported.	Up to 5 years
Change in perceived cognitive function, as measured by M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor	The mean changes from baseline to each follow-up time point for the perceived cognitive symptom severity score.	Baseline to up to 60 weeks
Change in neurocognitive function, as measured by Hopkins' Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Trail Making Test Parts A and B, and Controlled Oral Word Association Test	The mean changes from baseline to each follow-up time point for the standardized Hopkins' Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Trail Making Test Parts A and B, Controlled Oral Word Association Test and the Clinical Trial Battery composite score.	Baseline to up to 60 weeks

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
CD4 lymphopenia count	Mean CD4 lymphopenia count change from baseline to each follow-up collection timepoint.	Baseline to up to 5 years
Use of magnetic resonance diffusion and perfusion imaging to differentiate between tumor progression and pseudo-progression	Will be determined retrospectively following central review by an experienced neuro-radiologist blinded to the patient's outcome.	Baseline - cycle 4
Use of magnetic resonance diffusion and perfusion imaging as early predictors of overall survival	Cox proportional hazard model will be used to analyze the effect of imaging markers on overall survival. Known prognostic factors and patient baseline characteristics will be included in the multivariate analyses as covariates.	Baseline up to 12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: NRG Oncology
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Minesh P Mehta, NRG Oncology

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 4, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 7, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 27, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 27, 2014
• First Posted (Estimated): July 1, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): January 14, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 13, 2026
• Last Verified: January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Astrocytoma; Glioma; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Neuroectodermal Tumors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Glioblastoma; Organic Chemicals; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds; Therapeutics; Azoles; Physical Phenomena; Dacarbazine; Triazenes; Imidazoles; Inorganic Chemicals; Elements; Ions; Electrolytes; Electromagnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Phenomena; Radiotherapy; Electromagnetic Radiation; Gases; Elementary Particles; Light; Optical Phenomena; Radiation, Nonionizing; Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted; Heavy Ion Radiotherapy; Cations, Monovalent; Cations; Hydrogen; Nucleons; Temozolomide; Radiation; Photons; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Radiotherapy, Conformal; Proton Therapy; Protons
• Other Study ID Numbers: NRG-BN001 (Other Identifier: CTEP); U10CA180868 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); NCI-2014-01072 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program)); P50CA127001 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)