Efficacy and Safety Study of Cenicriviroc for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in Adult Participants With Liver Fibrosis (CENTAUR)

CENTAUR: Efficacy and Safety Study of Cenicriviroc for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in Adult Subjects With Liver Fibrosis

The purpose of this study is to determine whether cenicriviroc is effective and safe in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in adult participants with liver fibrosis.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Cenicriviroc; Drug: Placebo

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 289
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Australia
  • Australian Capital Territory
    • Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, 2605
  • Queensland
    • Herston, Queensland, Australia, 4029
  • South Australia
    • Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5000
    • Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, 5042
  • Victoria
    • Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3168
    • Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia, 3084
    • Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3004
  • Western Australia
    • Perth, Western Australia, Australia, 6000
• Belgium
  • Brussels, Belgium, 1200
  • Brussels, Belgium, 1070
  • Edegem, Belgium, 2650
  • Leuven, Belgium, 3000
• France
  • Angers, France, 49100
  • Lyon cedex 04, France, 69317
  • Montpellier Cedex 5, France, 34295
  • Paris, France, 75651
  • Paris, France, 75012
  • Pessac Cedex, France, 33604
  • Toulouse, France, 31059
  • Vandoeuvre-les Nancy, France, 54500
  • Villejuif, France, 94800
• Germany
  • Berlin, Germany, 13353
  • Lubeck, Germany, 23538
  • BW
    • Heidelberg, BW, Germany, 69120
  • HE
    • Marburg, HE, Germany, 35043
  • HH
    • Hamburg, HH, Germany, 20246
  • NRW
    • Aachen, NRW, Germany, 52074
    • Koeln, NRW, Germany, 50937
  • Niedersachsen
    • Hannover, Niedersachsen, Germany, 30625
  • SN
    • Leipzig, SN, Germany, 04103
  • Sachsen
    • Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany, 04103
  • VIC
    • Heidelberg, VIC, Germany, 3084
• Hong Kong
  • New Territories
    • Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
• Italy
  • BO
    • Bologna, BO, Italy, 40138
  • MI
    • Milan, MI, Italy, 20122
    • Rozzano, MI, Italy, 20089
  • PA
    • Palermo, PA, Italy, 90127
• Poland
  • Chorzow, Poland, 41-500
  • Lodz, Poland, 91-347
  • Myslowice, Poland, 41-500
  • Rzeszow, Poland, 35-055
  • Wroclaw, Poland, 50-349
• Spain
  • Alicante, Spain, 03010
  • Barcelona, Spain, 08036
  • Barcelona, Spain, 08035
  • Barcelona, Spain, 08026
  • Madrid, Spain, 28007
• United Kingdom
  • London, United Kingdom, E1 1BB
  • London, United Kingdom, NW3 2QR
  • Newcastle, United Kingdom, NE7 7ND
  • Nottingham, United Kingdom, NG7 2UH
  • Hampshire
    • Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom, PO6 3LY
• United States
  • Alabama
    • Dothan, Alabama, United States, 36305
  • Arizona
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85054
    • Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85712
  • California
    • Rialto, California, United States, 92377
    • San Diego, California, United States, 92120
    • San Diego, California, United States, 92161
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94115
  • Colorado
    • Littleton, Colorado, United States, 80120
  • Florida
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33136
    • Tampa, Florida, United States, 33606
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612
  • Kentucky
    • Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40202
  • Louisiana
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21287
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21202
    • Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States, 20815
    • Lutherville, Maryland, United States, 21093
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114
    • Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, 01655
  • Michigan
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109
  • Minnesota
    • Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, 55114
  • Mississippi
    • Flowood, Mississippi, United States, 39232
    • Jackson, Mississippi, United States
    • Tupelo, Mississippi, United States, 38801
  • New York
    • Buffalo, New York, United States, 14201
    • New York, New York, United States, 10029
  • North Carolina
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710
    • Raleigh, North Carolina, United States, 27612
    • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27103
  • Ohio
    • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45249
  • Tennessee
    • Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States, 37421
    • Germantown, Tennessee, United States, 38138
  • Texas
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 78234
    • Live Oak, Texas, United States, 78233
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78233
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78215
  • Utah
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84132
  • Virginia
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298
  • Washington
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98104

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult participants aged between 18-75
• Histological evidence of NASH, based on biopsy, with a Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Activity Score (NAS) of >= 4 with at least 1 in each component of NAS
• Histological evidence of liver fibrosis defined as NASH Clinical Research Network (CRN) System Stage 1 to 3

• Meeting any of the 3 major criteria (a, b, c):

  1. Documented evidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus

  2. High body mass index (> 25 kg/m^2) with at least one of the following criteria of metabolic syndrome, as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program:

     • Central obesity: waist circumference ≥ 102 cm or 40 inches (male), ≥ 88 cm or 35 inches (female)
     • Dyslipidemia: Triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L (150 mg/dL)
     • Dyslipidemia: High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol < 40 mg/dL (male), < 50 mg/dL (female)
     • Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg (or currently being treated for hypertension)
     • Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL)
  3. Bridging fibrosis (NASH CRN Stage 3) and/or definite NASH (NAS ≥ 5)
• Agree to have one liver biopsy at Screening, one at Year 1, and one at the end of study treatment (Year 2)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 5 × upper limit of normal (ULN)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) positive

• Hepatitis C antibody (HCVAb) positive with the following 2 exceptions:

  1. Participants previously treated for viral hepatitis C with at least a 1-year period since documented sustained virologic response at Week 12 (post-treatment) may be eligible if all other eligibility criteria are met
  2. Participants with presence of hepatitis C antibody but negative hepatitis C virus ribonucleic acid RNA without treatment (i.e., spontaneous clearance) may be eligible if all other eligibility criteria are met
• Prior or planned liver transplantation
• Other known causes of chronic liver disease, including alcoholic liver disease
• History of cirrhosis and/or hepatic decompensation including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy or variceal bleeding
• Alcohol consumption greater than 21 units/week for males or 14 units/week for females (one unit of alcohol is ½ pint of beer [285 mL], 1 glass of spirits [25 mL] or 1 glass of wine [125 mL])
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 or HIV-2 infection
• Weight reduction through bariatric surgery in the past 5 years or planned during the conduct of the study (including gastric banding)
• Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding
• Any other clinically significant disorders or prior therapy that, in the opinion of the investigator, would make the participant unsuitable for the study or unable to comply with the dosing and protocol requirements.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Cenicriviroc (CVC) 150mg/CVC 150 mg; CVC 150 mg tablet in Years 1 and 2.	Drug: Cenicriviroc; CVC 150 mg, administered orally once daily and taken every morning with food.; Other Names: TBR-652
Experimental: Placebo/CVC 150 mg; Placebo-matching CVC tablet in Year 1 then CVC 150 mg tablet in Year 2.	Drug: Cenicriviroc; CVC 150 mg, administered orally once daily and taken every morning with food.; Other Names: TBR-652; Drug: Placebo; Placebo administered orally once daily and taken every morning with food.
Placebo Comparator: Placebo/Placebo; Placebo-matching cenicriviroc (CVC) tablet in Years 1 and 2.	Drug: Placebo; Placebo administered orally once daily and taken every morning with food.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participant With Hepatic Histological Improvement in NAS by ≥ 2 Points With at Least 1-Point Reduction in Either Lobular Inflammation or Hepatocellular Ballooning and no Concurrent Worsening of Fibrosis at Year 1	Hepatic histological improvement in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score (NAS) at Year 1 was defined as a decrease (improvement) in NAS by ≥ 2 with at least a 1-point reduction in either lobular inflammation or hepatocellular ballooning and with no concurrent worsening of fibrosis stage. The NAS was derived as the unweighted sum of steatosis (0 to 3), lobular inflammation (0 to 3), and hepatocellular ballooning (0 to 2) scores. The NAS ranges from 0-8 with the higher score indicating more aggressive disease. Evaluation of fibrosis stage was based on the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis clinical research network (NASH CRN) fibrosis staging system, which was scaled from 0 to 4 stages where, 0=None to 4=Cirrhosis. Worsening of fibrosis stage was defined as progression of NASH CRN fibrosis stage.	Year 1

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With Complete Resolution of Steatohepatitis With no Concurrent Worsening of Fibrosis Stage and Improvement in Fibrosis by at Least 1 Stage (NASH CRN System) and no Worsening of Steatohepatitis at Year 1	Complete resolution of steatohepatitis was defined as histopathologic interpretation of no fatty liver disease, or simple or isolated steatosis with no steatohepatitis. As per NASH CRN system, no worsening of steatohepatitis was defined as no worsening of lobular inflammation or hepatocellular ballooning grade. The evaluation of fibrosis stage associated with NASH was based on the NASH CRN fibrosis staging system which was scaled from 0 to 4 stages where, 0=None to 4=Cirrhosis.	Year 1
Number of Participants With Complete Resolution of Steatohepatitis With no Concurrent Worsening of Fibrosis Stage and Improvement in Fibrosis by at Least 1 Stage (NASH CRN System) and no Worsening of Steatohepatitis at Year 2	Complete resolution of steatohepatitis was defined as histopathologic interpretation of no fatty liver disease, or simple or isolated steatosis with no steatohepatitis. As per NASH CRN system, no worsening of steatohepatitis was defined as no worsening of lobular inflammation or hepatocellular ballooning grade. The evaluation of fibrosis stage associated with NASH was based on the NASH CRN fibrosis staging system which was scaled from 0 to 4 stages where, 0=None to 4=Cirrhosis.	Year 2
Number of Participants With Complete Resolution of Steatohepatitis With no Concurrent Worsening of Fibrosis Stage at Year 1	Complete resolution of steatohepatitis was defined as histopathologic interpretation of no fatty liver disease, or simple or isolated steatosis with no steatohepatitis. As per NASH CRN system, no worsening of steatohepatitis was defined as no worsening of lobular inflammation or hepatocellular ballooning grade. The evaluation of fibrosis stage associated with NASH was based on the NASH CRN fibrosis staging system which was scaled from 0 to 4 stages where, 0=None to 4=Cirrhosis.	Year 1
Number of Participants With Complete Resolution of Steatohepatitis With no Concurrent Worsening of Fibrosis Stage at Year 2	Complete resolution of steatohepatitis was defined as histopathologic interpretation of no fatty liver disease, or simple or isolated steatosis with no steatohepatitis. As per NASH CRN system, no worsening of steatohepatitis was defined as no worsening of lobular inflammation or hepatocellular ballooning grade. The evaluation of fibrosis stage associated with NASH was based on the NASH CRN fibrosis staging system which was scaled from 0 to 4 stages where, 0=None to 4=Cirrhosis.	Year 2
Number of Participants With Improvement in Fibrosis by at Least 1 Stage (NASH CRN System) and no Worsening of Steatohepatitis at Year 1	The evaluation of fibrosis stage associated with NASH was based on the NASH CRN Fibrosis Staging System which was scaled from 0 to 4 stages where, 0=None to 4=Cirrhosis. As per NASH CRN system, no worsening of steatohepatitis was defined as no worsening of lobular inflammation or hepatocellular ballooning grade.	Year 1
Number of Participants With Improvement in Fibrosis by at Least 1 Stage (NASH CRN System) and no Worsening of Steatohepatitis at Year 2	The evaluation of fibrosis stage associated with NASH was based on the NASH CRN Fibrosis Staging System which was scaled from 0 to 4 stages where, 0=None to 4=Cirrhosis. As per NASH CRN system, no worsening of steatohepatitis was defined as no worsening of lobular inflammation or hepatocellular ballooning grade.	Year 2
Number of Participants With Deaths, Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), TEAEs Leading Study Drug to Discontinuation	A TEAE was defined as any adverse event that started or worsened on or after the start of the study medication and up to 30 days after the discontinuation of the study medication. An SAE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose, results in death, was life threatening, requires hospitalization or results in prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, or was a congenital anomaly/birth defect.	Years 1 and 2
Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Changes in Vital Signs	Vital signs included blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate. Vital signs were reviewed by the Investigator for clinically significant changes.	Years 1 and 2
Number of Participants With Clinical Laboratory Abnormalities	Grade 3-4 abnormal clinical laboratory values that occurred in ≥2% participants were reported. Criteria used for various parameters was:Fasting glucose Grade3:>250 - 500 mg/dL and Grade4: >500 mg/dL; Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)Grade3:>5.0 - 20.0 ×Upper Limit of Normal(ULN)and Grade4:>20.0 ×ULN; Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)Grade3: >5.0 - 20.0 ×ULN and Grade4: >20.0 ×ULN; Activated partial thromboplastin(APT)/Partial thromboplastin time(PTT)Grade3: >2.5×ULN; Triglycerides Grade3 >500 - 1000 mg/dL and Grade4: >1000 mg/dL; Gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)Grade3: >5.0 - 20.0 ×ULN and Grade4: >20.0 ×ULN; Creatine kinase Grade 3: >5.0 - 10.0 ×ULN and Grade4: >10.0 ×ULN; Uric acid Grade3:(ULN - 10 mg/dL; ULN - 0.59 mmol/L) and Grade4: >10 mg/dL; Amylase Grade3: >2.0 - 5.0 ×ULN and Grade4: >5.0 ×ULN; Lipase Grade3: >2.0 - 5.0 xULN and Grade4: >5.0 xULN; Phosphorus Grade3: <2.0 - 1.0 mg/dL and Grade4: <1.0 mg/dL and Absolute neutrophil Grade3: <1.0 - 0.5 × 109/L and Grade4: <0.5 × 109/L.	Years 1 and 2
Number of Participants With Clinically Abnormal in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Findings	A 12-lead ECG was performed. ECG results were reviewed by the Investigator for clinically notable abnormalities.	Years 1 and 2
Number of Participants With Hepatic Histological Improvement in NAS at Year 2	Hepatic histological improvement in NAS at Year 2 was defined as a decrease (improvement) in NAS by ≥ 2 with at least a 1-point reduction in either lobular inflammation or hepatocellular ballooning and with no concurrent worsening of fibrosis stage. The NAS was derived as the unweighted sum of steatosis (0 to 3), lobular inflammation (0 to 3), and hepatocellular ballooning (0 to 2) scores. The NAS ranges from 0-8 with the higher score indicating more aggressive disease.	Year 2
Change From Baseline in the 3 Categorical Features of NAS (Steatosis, Lobular Inflammation, Hepatocellular Ballooning) at Year 1	NAS was calculated using the following 3 categorical features: steatosis which was scaled from 0-3 (steatosis score is defined as 0= <5%, 1= 5 - 33%, 2= >33 - 66%, and 3= >66%), lobular inflammation which was scaled from 0-3 (lobular inflammation score defined as 0= no foci, 1= < 2 foci/200x, 2= 2-4 foci/200x, and 3= > 4 foci/200x), and hepatocellular ballooning which was scaled from 0-2 (hepatocellular ballooning score is defined as 0=none, 1=few balloon cells, 2=many cells/prominent ballooning). A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement.	Year 1
Change From Baseline in the 3 Categorical Features of NAS (Steatosis, Lobular Inflammation, Hepatocellular Ballooning) at Year 2	NAS was calculated using the following 3 categorical features: steatosis which was scaled from 0-3 (steatosis score is defined as 0= <5%, 1= 5 - 33%, 2= >33 - 66%, and 3= >66%), lobular inflammation which was scaled from 0-3 (lobular inflammation score defined as 0= no foci, 1= < 2 foci/200x, 2= 2-4 foci/200x, and 3= > 4 foci/200x), and hepatocellular ballooning which was scaled from 0-2 (hepatocellular ballooning score is defined as 0=none, 1=few balloon cells, 2=many cells/prominent ballooning). A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement.	Year 2
Number of Participants With Hepatic Histological Improvement With a Minimum 2-Point Improvement in NAS With at Least a 1-Point Improvement in More Than 1 Categorical Features of NAS and no Concurrent Worsening of Fibrosis Stage at Year 1	Hepatic histological improvement in NAS was defined as a decrease (improvement) in NAS by ≥ 2 with at least a 1-point reduction in either steatosis, lobular inflammation or hepatocellular ballooning and with no concurrent worsening of fibrosis stage. The NAS was derived as the unweighted sum of steatosis (0 to 3), lobular inflammation (0 to 3), and hepatocellular ballooning (0 to 2) scores. The NAS ranges from 0-8 with the higher score indicating more aggressive disease. Worsening was defined as progression of NASH CRN fibrosis stage.	Year 1
Number of Participants With Hepatic Histological Improvement With a Minimum 2-Point Improvement in NAS With at Least a 1-point Improvement in More Than 1 Categorical Features of NAS and no Concurrent Worsening of Fibrosis Stage at Year 2	Hepatic histological improvement in NAS was defined as a decrease (improvement) in NAS by ≥ 2 with at least a 1-point reduction in either steatosis, lobular inflammation or hepatocellular ballooning and with no concurrent worsening of fibrosis stage. The NAS was derived as the unweighted sum of steatosis (0 to 3), lobular inflammation (0 to 3), and hepatocellular ballooning (0 to 2) scores. The NAS ranges from 0-8 with the higher score indicating more aggressive disease. Worsening was defined as progression of NASH CRN fibrosis stage.	Year 2
Number of Participants With Resolution of NASH Using a Modified Definition Based on Categorical Features of NAS and no Concurrent Worsening of Fibrosis Stage at Year 1	Resolution of NASH was defined as having no hepatocellular ballooning (grade 0) and minimal to no lobular inflammation (grade 1 or 0) with no concurrent worsening of fibrosis stage (worsening defined as progression of NASH CRN fibrosis stage).	Year 1
Number of Participants With Resolution of NASH Using a Modified Definition Based on Categorical Features of NAS and no Concurrent Worsening of Fibrosis Stage at Year 2	Resolution of NASH was defined as having no hepatocellular ballooning (grade 0) and minimal to no lobular inflammation (grade 1 or 0) with no concurrent worsening of fibrosis stage (worsening defined as progression of NASH CRN fibrosis stage).	Year 2
Change From Baseline in Morphometric Quantitative Collagen on Liver Biopsy at Year 1	The morphometric quantitative collagen on liver biopsy was determined as percent collagen area (PCA) using Sirius red stain on liver biopsy at Year 1. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement.	Year 1
Change From Baseline in Morphometric Quantitative Collagen on Liver Biopsy at Year 2	The morphometric quantitative collagen on liver biopsy was determined as percent collagen area (PCA) using Sirius red stain on liver biopsy at Year 2. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement.	Year 2
Change From Baseline in Hepatic Tissue Fibrogenic Protein Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) at Year 1	The hepatic tissue fibrogenic protein α-SMA level was determined as percent α-SMA + area using α-SMA stain on liver biopsy at Year 1. A positive change from Baseline indicates worsening.	Baseline (Day 1) to Year 1
Change From Baseline in Hepatic Tissue Fibrogenic Protein Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) at Year 2	The hepatic tissue fibrogenic protein α-SMA level was determined as percent α-SMA + area using α-SMA stain on liver biopsy at Year 2. A positive change from Baseline indicates worsening.	Baseline (Day 1) to Year 2
Change From Baseline in Morphometric Quantitative Fat Content on Liver Biopsy at Year 1	The morphometric quantitative fat content was done to find out the amount of fat accumulated in the liver. A liver biopsy was performed to determine percent fat area, at Year 1. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement.	Year 1
Change From Baseline in Morphometric Quantitative Fat Content on Liver Biopsy at Year 2	The morphometric quantitative fat content was done to find out the amount of fat accumulated in the liver. A liver biopsy was performed to determine percent fat area, at Year 2. A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement.	Year 2
Change From Baseline in Histologic Fibrosis Stage (NASH CRN System and Ishak Scale Score) at Year 1	The participant's histologic fibrosis stage was determined using the NASH CRN system and Ishak scale score assessment at Year 1. The evaluation of fibrosis stage associated with NASH was based on the NASH CRN Fibrosis Staging System which was scaled from 0 to 4 where, 0=None to 4=Cirrhosis. The histologic fibrosis stage based on the Ishak assessment was divided into 1 to 6 stages. Fibrosis was staged with the Ishak scale (ranging from 0=No fibrosis to 6=Cirrhosis). A positive change from Baseline indicates worsening.	Baseline (Day 1) to Year 1
Change From Baseline in Histologic Fibrosis Stage (NASH CRN System and Ishak Scale Score) at Year 2	The participant's histologic fibrosis stage was determined using the NASH CRN system and Ishak scale score assessment at Year 1. The evaluation of fibrosis stage associated with NASH was based on the NASH CRN Fibrosis Staging System which was scaled from 0 to 4 where, 0=None to 4=Cirrhosis. The histologic fibrosis stage based on the Ishak assessment was divided into 1 to 6 stages. Fibrosis was staged with the Ishak scale (ranging from 0=No fibrosis to 6=Cirrhosis). A negative change from Baseline indicates improvement.	Baseline (Day 1) to Year 2
Change From Baseline in Portal Inflammation Grade on Liver Biopsy at Year 1	Portal inflammation on liver biopsy was graded from 0 to 4 where 0= None, 1= Mild, 2= Moderate, and 3= Marked. A positive change from Baseline indicates worsening.	Baseline (Day 1) to Year 1
Change From Baseline in Portal Inflammation Grade on Liver Biopsy at Year 2	Portal inflammation on liver biopsy was graded from 0 to 4 where 0= None, 1= Mild, 2= Moderate, and 3= Marked. A positive change from Baseline indicates worsening.	Baseline (Day 1) to Year 2
Change From Baseline in Non-invasive Marker of Hepatic Fibrosis: Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Count Ratio Index (APRI) at Months 3, 6 and 12	APRI is the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet count. It is calculated using formula, APRI = (AST level [/ULN] / platelet counts [10^9/L]) * 100. An APRI index of <=0.50 indicated the absence of significant fibrosis and an index of > 1.50 indicated the presence of significant fibrosis. A negative change from Baseline indicates decreased fibrosis.	Baseline (Month 0) to Months 3, 6 and 12
Change From Baseline in Non-invasive Marker of Hepatic Fibrosis: Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Count Ratio Index (APRI) at Months 15, 18 and 24	APRI is the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet count. It is calculated using formula, APRI = (AST level [/ULN] / platelet counts [10^9/L]) * 100. An APRI index of <=0.50 indicated the absence of significant fibrosis and an index of > 1.50 indicated the presence of significant fibrosis. A negative change from Baseline indicates decreased fibrosis.	Baseline (Month 0) to Months 15, 18 and 24
Change From Baseline in Non-invasive Marker of Hepatic Fibrosis: Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) at Months 3, 6 and 12	Fibrosis-4 is the ratio of age in years and aminotransferase to platelet count. It is a non-invasive hepatic fibrosis index score combining standard biochemical values, platelets, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST and age that is calculated using formula: FIB-4 = (Age [years] x AST [U/L]) / (platelets [10^9/L] x (square root of ALT [U/L])). A FIB-4 index of < 1.45 indicated no or moderate fibrosis and an index of > 3.25 indicated extensive fibrosis/cirrhosis. A positive change from Baseline indicates increased fibrosis.	Baseline (Month 0) to Months 3, 6 and 12
Change From Baseline in Non-invasive Marker of Hepatic Fibrosis: Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) at Months 15, 18 and 24	Fibrosis-4 is the ratio of age in years and aminotransferase to platelet count. It is a non-invasive hepatic fibrosis index score combining standard biochemical values, platelets, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST and age that is calculated using formula: FIB-4 = (Age [years] x AST [U/L]) / (platelets [10^9/L] x (square root of ALT [U/L])). A FIB-4 index of < 1.45 indicated no or moderate fibrosis and an index of > 3.25 indicated extensive fibrosis/cirrhosis. A positive change from Baseline indicates increased fibrosis.	Baseline (Month 0) to Months 15, 18 and 24
Change From Baseline in Non-invasive Marker of Hepatic Fibrosis: Hyaluronic Acid at Months 6 and 12	Hyaluronic acid is a non-invasive hepatic fibrosis marker. A negative change from Baseline indicates decreased fibrosis.	Baseline (Month 0) to Months 6 and 12
Change From Baseline in Non-invasive Marker of Hepatic Fibrosis: Hyaluronic Acid at Months 18 and 24	Hyaluronic acid is a non-invasive hepatic fibrosis marker. A positive change from Baseline indicates increased fibrosis.	Baseline (Month 0) to Months 18 and 24
Change From Baseline in Non-invasive Markers of Hepatic Fibrosis: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Fibrosis Score (NFS) at Months 3, 6 and 12	NFS is calculated using formula: NFS = -1.675 + 0.037 * age (years) + 0.094 * Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m^2) + 1.13 * Impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/diabetes (yes = 1, no = 0) + 0.99 * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio - 0.013 × platelet (*10^9/L) - 0.66 * albumin (g/dL). A negative change from Baseline indicates decreased fibrosis.	Baseline (Month 0) to Months 3, 6 and 12
Change From Baseline in Non-invasive Markers of Hepatic Fibrosis: NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS) at Months 15, 18 and 24	NFS is calculated using formula: NFS = -1.675 + 0.037 * age (years) + 0.094 * Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m^2) + 1.13 * Impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/diabetes (yes = 1, no = 0) + 0.99 * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio - 0.013 × platelet (*10^9/L) - 0.66 * albumin (g/dL). A negative change from Baseline indicates decreased fibrosis.	Baseline (Month 0) to Months 15, 18 and 24
Change From Baseline in Non-invasive Markers of Hepatic Fibrosis: Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Test (ELF) Score at Months 6 and 12	The markers of fibrosis assessed in this test comprised hyaluronic acid (CHA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (CTIMP1) and procollagen III N-terminal peptide (CP3NP); these are components of the extracellular matrix and basement sinusoidal membrane of the liver and are elevated during activation of the stellate cell. The ELF tests were performed on Centaur device and the composite score was calculated as follows: ELF score = 2.278 + 0.851 ln(CHA) + 0.751 ln (CP3NP) + 0.394 ln(CTIMP1). ELF score < 7.7: no to mild fibrosis; ≥ 7.7 - < 9.8: Moderate fibrosis; ≥ 9.8 - < 11.3: Severe fibrosis; ≥ 11.3: Cirrhosis. A negative change from Baseline indicates decreased fibrosis.	Baseline (Month 0) to Months 6 and 12
Change From Baseline in Non-invasive Markers of Hepatic Fibrosis: Enhanced Liver Fibrosis Test (ELF) Score at Months 18 and 24	The markers of fibrosis assessed in this test comprised hyaluronic acid (CHA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (CTIMP1) and procollagen III N-terminal peptide (CP3NP); these are components of the extracellular matrix and basement sinusoidal membrane of the liver and are elevated during activation of the stellate cell. The ELF tests were performed on Centaur device and the composite score was calculated as follows: ELF score = 2.278 + 0.851 ln(CHA) + 0.751 ln (CP3NP) + 0.394 ln(CTIMP1). ELF score < 7.7: no to mild fibrosis; ≥ 7.7 - < 9.8: Moderate fibrosis; ≥ 9.8 - < 11.3: Severe fibrosis; ≥ 11.3: Cirrhosis. A negative change from Baseline indicates decreased fibrosis.	Baseline (Month 0) to Months 18 and 24
Change From Baseline in Biomarkers of Hepatocyte Apoptosis: Caspase Cleaved (CK-18 [M-30]) Levels and Total M-65 (CK-18 [M-65]) Levels at Months 3, 6 and 12	Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin levels (CK18M30) and total M-65 (CK-18 [M-65]) were measured as biomarkers of hepatocyte apoptosis. A negative change from Baseline indicates decreased hepatocyte apoptosis.	Baseline (Month 0) to Months 3, 6 and 12
Change From Baseline in Biomarkers of Hepatocyte Apoptosis: Caspase Cleaved (CK-18 [M-30]) Levels and Total M-65 (CK-18 [M-65]) Levels at Months 15, 18 and 24	Caspase-cleaved cytokeratin levels (CK18M30) and total M-65 (CK-18 [M-65]) were measured as biomarkers of hepatocyte apoptosis. A negative change from Baseline indicates decreased hepatocyte apoptosis.	Baseline (Month 0) to Months 15, 18 and 24
Change From Baseline in Weight at Months 3, 6 and 12	A negative change from Baseline represents decreased weight.	Baseline (Day 1) to Months 3, 6 and 12
Change From Baseline in Weight at Months 15, 18 and 24	A negative change from Baseline represents decreased weight.	Baseline (Day 1) to Months 15, 18 and 24
Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI) at Months 3, 6 and 12	The body mass index is a value derived from the mass (weight in kgs) and height (in centimeters) of an individual and is calculated as the body mass divided by the square of the body height. A negative change from Baseline represents decreased BMI.	Baseline (Day 1) to Months 3, 6 and 12
Change From Baseline in Body Mass Index (BMI) at Months 15, 18 and 24	The body mass index is a value derived from the mass (weight in kgs) and height (in centimeters) of an individual and is calculated as the body mass divided by the square of the body height. A negative change from Baseline represents decreased BMI.	Baseline (Day 1) to Months 15, 18 and 24
Change From Baseline in Waist Circumference at Months 3, 6 and 12	A negative change from Baseline represents decreased in waist circumference.	Baseline (Day 1) to Months 3, 6 and 12
Change From Baseline in Waist Circumference at Months 15, 18 and 24	A negative change from Baseline represents decreased in waist circumference.	Baseline (Day 1) to Months 15, 18 and 24
Change From Baseline in Hip Circumference at Months 3, 6 and 12	A negative change from Baseline represents decreased hip circumference.	Baseline (Day 1) to Months 3, 6 and 12
Change From Baseline in Hip Circumference at Months 15, 18 and 24	A negative change from Baseline represents decreased hip circumference.	Baseline (Day 1) to Months 15, 18 and 24
Change From Baseline in Forearm Circumference at Months 3, 6 and 12	A negative change from Baseline represents decreased forearm circumference.	Baseline (Day 1) to Months 3, 6 and 12
Change From Baseline in Forearm Circumference at Months 15, 18 and 24	A negative change from Baseline represents decreased forearm circumference.	Baseline (Day 1) to Months 15, 18 and 24
Change From Baseline in Tricep Skinfold Thickness at Months 3, 6 and 12	A negative change from Baseline represents decreased Tricep Skinfold Thickness.	Baseline (Day 1) to Months 3, 6 and 12
Change From Baseline in Tricep Skinfold Thickness at Months 15, 18 and 24	A negative change from Baseline represents decreased Tricep Skinfold Thickness.	Baseline (Day 1) to Months 15, 18 and 24

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Tobira Therapeutics, Inc.
• Investigators: Study Director: Eric Lefebvre, MD, Allergan

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Qian T, Fujiwara N, Koneru B, Ono A, Kubota N, Jajoriya AK, Tung MG, Crouchet E, Song WM, Marquez CA, Panda G, Hoshida A, Raman I, Li QZ, Lewis C, Yopp A, Rich NE, Singal AG, Nakagawa S, Goossens N, Higashi T, Koh AP, Bian CB, Hoshida H, Tabrizian P, Gunasekaran G, Florman S, Schwarz ME, Hiotis SP, Nakahara T, Aikata H, Murakami E, Beppu T, Baba H, Rew Warren, Bhatia S, Kobayashi M, Kumada H, Fobar AJ, Parikh ND, Marrero JA, Rwema SH, Nair V, Patel M, Kim-Schulze S, Corey K, O'Leary JG, Klintmalm GB, Thomas DL, Dibas M, Rodriguez G, Zhang B, Friedman SL, Baumert TF, Fuchs BC, Chayama K, Zhu S, Chung RT, Hoshida Y. Molecular Signature Predictive of Long-Term Liver Fibrosis Progression to Inform Antifibrotic Drug Development. Gastroenterology. 2022 Apr;162(4):1210-1225. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.250. Epub 2021 Dec 22. Erratum in: Gastroenterology. 2022 Aug;163(2):536.
• Nielsen MJ, Leeming DJ, Goodman Z, Friedman S, Frederiksen P, Rasmussen DGK, Vig P, Seyedkazemi S, Fischer L, Torstenson R, Karsdal MA, Lefebvre E, Sanyal AJ, Ratziu V. Comparison of ADAPT, FIB-4 and APRI as non-invasive predictors of liver fibrosis and NASH within the CENTAUR screening population. J Hepatol. 2021 Dec;75(6):1292-1300. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.08.016. Epub 2021 Aug 27.
• Parthasarathy G, Malhi H. Macrophage Heterogeneity in NASH: More Than Just Nomenclature. Hepatology. 2021 Jul;74(1):515-518. doi: 10.1002/hep.31790. Epub 2021 May 22. No abstract available.
• Ratziu V, Sanyal A, Harrison SA, Wong VW, Francque S, Goodman Z, Aithal GP, Kowdley KV, Seyedkazemi S, Fischer L, Loomba R, Abdelmalek MF, Tacke F. Cenicriviroc Treatment for Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis: Final Analysis of the Phase 2b CENTAUR Study. Hepatology. 2020 Sep;72(3):892-905. doi: 10.1002/hep.31108. Epub 2020 Jul 21.
• Lefebvre E, Moyle G, Reshef R, Richman LP, Thompson M, Hong F, Chou HL, Hashiguchi T, Plato C, Poulin D, Richards T, Yoneyama H, Jenkins H, Wolfgang G, Friedman SL. Antifibrotic Effects of the Dual CCR2/CCR5 Antagonist Cenicriviroc in Animal Models of Liver and Kidney Fibrosis. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 27;11(6):e0158156. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158156. eCollection 2016.
• Friedman S, Sanyal A, Goodman Z, Lefebvre E, Gottwald M, Fischer L, Ratziu V. Efficacy and safety study of cenicriviroc for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adult subjects with liver fibrosis: CENTAUR Phase 2b study design. Contemp Clin Trials. 2016 Mar;47:356-65. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2016.02.012. Epub 2016 Mar 2.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 18, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 30, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): June 22, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 13, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 13, 2014
• First Posted (Estimate): August 15, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 10, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 19, 2019
• Last Verified: March 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Pathologic Processes; Liver Diseases; Fibrosis; Fatty Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiviral Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Retroviral Agents; CCR5 Receptor Antagonists; Cenicriviroc
• Other Study ID Numbers: 652-2-203; 2016-004754-15 (EudraCT Number)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No