Neoadjuvant PROSTVAC-VF With or Without Ipilimumab for Prostate Cancer

An Open Label, Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Prostvac and Ipilimumab as Monotherapy or in Combination for Men With Localized Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy

This is a multicentered, open label, randomized phase II trial of PROSTVAC or ipilimumab or the combination of PROSTVAC and ipilimumab as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with localized prostate cancer. Eligible patients will be randomized to PROSTVAC monotherapy (Arm A), ipilimumab monotherapy (Arm B), or combination therapy with both PROSTVAC and ipilimumab (Arm C), prior to RP. In arms A and C, PROSTVAC-V will be administered subcutaneously as the primary vaccine on Day 1, which will be followed 2 weeks later with a series of 2 PROSTVAC-F subcutaneous administrations, given 3 weeks apart. In arms B and C, ipilimumab will be administered twice, at a dose of 3mg/kg, 3 weeks apart. In the combination arm, ipilimumab administration will coincide with the PROSTVAC-F administration. In arm B, ipilimumab will begin on Day 1. In all three arms, radical prostatectomy (RP) will occur 21 days, or three weeks, following final treatment administration of PROSTVAC or ipilimumab. No further therapy will be administered on study following RP.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Prostatic Neoplasms
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Ipilimumab; Biological: PROSTVAC V/F

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 15
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94143
      • University of California, San Francisco

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

For a subject to be eligible for participation in this study, all of the following criteria must be satisfied:

1. Patients must have histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate without previous therapy for prostate cancer (PC).

   • Treatment-naïve AND
   • Undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) as initial, locally definitive therapy for PC and
   • Eligible for RP in a 3 month timeframe AND
   • Consentable for RP
2. Subject's archival prostate biopsy specimen is available, and subject consents to provide tissue for study endpoint analysis. The prostate biopsy slides or blocks must be available prior to starting any study treatment.
3. Age ≥ 18 years
4. Subject has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1.

5. Subject has adequate organ function, defined as:

   • White blood cell (WBC) count ≥ 3,000/microliter (mcL)
   • Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,500/mcL
   • Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mcL
   • Hemoglobin (Hgb) ≥ 10.0 g/dL
   • Creatinine ≤ 1.5x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
   • Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x institutional ULN
   • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 1.5 x institutional ULN
   • Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 1.5 x institutional ULN
   • Prothrombin time (PT) /International Normalized Ratio (INR), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) within institutional ULN
6. No known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 and 2, human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I/II, and Hepatitis B and C.
7. Ability to understand a written informed consent document, and the willingness to sign it.
8. Because of the unknown potential risk to a gamete and/or developing embryo from these investigational therapies, subjects must agree to use adequate contraception (i.e. barrier method) for the duration of study participation, and for three months after discontinuing therapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

A subject will not be eligible for participation in this study if any of the following criteria apply.

1. Subject's biopsy specimen reveals neuroendocrine or small cell features.
2. Subject has any evidence of metastatic disease (pre-operative staging will be undertaken per urologic standard of care) as deemed by the Investigator.
3. Subject has prior use of any hormones, including luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, ketoconazole, antiandrogens (such as bicalutamide, flutamide, or nilutamide), or 5-α-reductase inhibitors.
4. Subject has prior use of any anti-cancer treatment or product, such as PC-SPES (or any other PC-x product: PC-HOPE, PC-CARE, PC-PLUS, etc).
5. Subject has received prior radiation therapy or chemotherapy for prostate cancer.
6. Chronic administration (defined as daily or every other day for continuous use >14 days) of systemic corticosteroids within 28 days of the first planned dose off PROSTVAC-V/F. Use of inhaled steroids, nasal sprays, and topical creams for small body areas are allowed.
7. Active atopic dermatitis or skin condition that disrupts the epidermis
8. Inflammatory eye disease requiring steroid treatment
9. History of prior solid organ or bone marrow transplant
10. Previous history of hypersensitivity to eggs or allergy or untoward reaction to prior vaccinia (smallpox) vaccination.
11. Splenectomy

12. Subject, or subject's close household contacts (defined as those who share housing or have close physical contact) have any of the following conditions during the screening and/or treatment periods:

    • active or a history of atopic dermatitis, eczema or other eczematoid skin disorders that disrupt the epidermis
    • other acute, chronic or exfoliative skin conditions (e.g., burns, impetigo, varicella zoster, severe acne or other open rashes or wounds) until condition resolves
    • pregnant or nursing
    • immunodeficient or immunosuppressed (by disease or therapy), including HIV infection
13. Subject's close household contacts include children less than the age of three

14. History of, or active autoimmune disease (e.g., autoimmune neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, or hemolytic anemia, systemic lupus erythematosis, Sjogren´s syndrome, scleroderma, myasthenia gravis, Goodpasture´s syndrome, Addison´s disease, Hashimotos´s thyroiditis, or Graves disease) as determined by the treating medical oncologist.

    • Persons with vitiligo are not excluded.

    • Diabetics are not excluded if the condition is well controlled:

      1. Hemoglobin A1C < 7.0, and
      2. No evidence of end-organ damage due to diabetes, such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, or neuropathy
      3. Persons with type 2 diabetes are not excluded since this is not an autoimmune disease, and do not need to meet these criteria.
    • Persons with hypothyroidism are not excluded if condition is well controlled, and condition is due to a non-autoimmune etiology.
15. Subject has received treatment with any investigational immunotherapy within 2 years prior to study screening or has received treatment with any other investigational product within 28 days prior to study screening.
16. Subject has participated in any previous study involving PROSTVAC-V/F, Sipuleucel-T or ipilimumab, regardless of whether the subject received PROSTVAC-V/F, Sipuleucel-T or ipilimumab.
17. Subject has a history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to PROSTVAC-V/F or ipilimumab.
18. Subject has a history of stage III or greater cancer, excluding prostate cancer. Subjects with a history of basal or squamous cell skin cancers are allowed, provided that the subject was adequately treated and is disease-free at the time of study screening. Subjects with a history of stage I or II cancer must have been adequately treated and been disease-free for ≥ 3 years prior to study screening.
19. Subject has any uncontrolled, concurrent illness including, but not limited to the following: ongoing or active infection (bacterial, viral, or fungal), symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, stroke or myocardial infarction within 6 months, or psychiatric illness that would limit compliance with study requirements.
20. Subject requires any medical intervention(s) or has any other condition(s) that, in the Investigator's opinion, will 1) make the administration of PROSTVAC or ipilimumab hazardous, 2) obscure the interpretation of adverse events (AEs), 3) compromise adherence with study requirements, or 4) otherwise compromise the study's objectives.
21. Subject has high-risk features (e.g., based on Gleason score, PSA, clinical stage, % positive biopsies), and the treating physician feels the subject should undergo radical prostatectomy sooner than planned within the protocol.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Arm A: PROSTVAC-V/F; PROSTVAC-V: 2 x 10^8pfu; subcutaneous; Day 1. PROSTVAC-F: 1 x 10^9pfu; subcutaneous; Days 15, and 36.	Biological: PROSTVAC V/F; PROSTVAC-V/F is a prostate-specific antigen(PSA)-based immunization strategy. It is intended to generate immune responses to prostate specific antigens and prostate cancer cells. It uses poxviral vectors to introduce modified PSA to the patient in an immunogenic manner to break self-tolerance, and thereby induce immune responses directed against prostate cancer cells.
Experimental: Arm B: Ipilimumab Monotherapy; Ipilimumab: 3 mg/kg; intravenously; Days 1 and 21.	Drug: Ipilimumab
Experimental: Arm C: Combined PROSTVAC-V/F + Ipilimumab; PROSTVAC-V: 2 x 10^8pfu; subcutaneous; Day 1. PROSTVAC-F: 1 x 10^9pfu; subcutaneous; Days 15, and 36. Ipilimumab: 3 mg/kg; intravenously; Days 15 and 36.	Drug: Ipilimumab; Biological: PROSTVAC V/F; PROSTVAC-V/F is a prostate-specific antigen(PSA)-based immunization strategy. It is intended to generate immune responses to prostate specific antigens and prostate cancer cells. It uses poxviral vectors to introduce modified PSA to the patient in an immunogenic manner to break self-tolerance, and thereby induce immune responses directed against prostate cancer cells.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Proportion of Participants With Positive CD3+ T Cell Immune Response	The proportion of participants who demonstrated a positive response following neoadjuvant therapy as measured by change from baseline in CD3+ T cell infiltration within prostate tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessment following treatment will be reported. The change in the number of CD3+ T cell infiltration within prostate tissue between the biopsy and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimen will be quantified using immunohistochemistry (IHC),with a positive result if there is >=2 fold increase in the number of CD3+T cell infiltration.	Up to 2 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Proportion of Participants With Any Positive Change in Immunologic Infiltration (CD3)	The proportion of participants who demonstrated any change in the number of infiltrating T cells/μm2 of CD3 within the prostatic tumor tissue from the diagnostic core biopsy specimens to the post treatment prostatectomy tissue specimens will be assessed, based upon IHC analysis following neoadjuvant PROSTVAC, ipilimumab, or the combination of the two treatments.	Up to 2 years
Proportion of Participants With Any Positive Change in Circulating Effector T Cells	The proportion of participants who demonstrated any change in the number of circulating effector T cells/μm2 within the prostatic tumor tissue from the diagnostic core biopsy specimens to the post treatment prostatectomy tissue specimens will be assessed, based upon IHC analysis following neoadjuvant PROSTVAC, ipilimumab, or the combination by flow cytometry assessment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells	Up to 2 years
Proportion of Participants With a Positive Change in Regulatory T Cells	The proportion of participants who demonstrated a change in the number of Regulatory T Cells/μm2 within the prostatic tumor tissue from the diagnostic core biopsy specimens to the post treatment prostatectomy tissue specimens will be assessed, based upon IHC analysis following neoadjuvant PROSTVAC, ipilimumab, or the combination by flow cytometry assessment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells	Up to 2 years
Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events	Safety analyses will be performed for all participants having received at least one dose of study drug. The investigator will use the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.4.03 for reporting the number of participants with treatment-related, non-hematologic, adverse events and modified criteria for hematologic adverse events defined as having an attribute of possible, probable, or definite by toxicity and treatment group.	Up to 2 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Lawrence Fong
• Collaborators: Bavarian Nordic

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 6, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 22, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): April 22, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 21, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 21, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): July 22, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 24, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 25, 2021
• Last Verified: October 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: prostate
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Ipilimumab
• Other Study ID Numbers: 14559; NCI-2017-01679 (Registry Identifier: NCI Clinical Trials Reporting Program (CTRP))

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No