Effects of the Transcranial Stimulation on Prevention of Cognitive Dysfunction in Cardiac Surgery (tDCS)

March 5, 2024 updated by: Livia Stocco Sanches Valentin, University of Sao Paulo

Effects of the Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Prevention of Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Submitted to Cardiac Surgeries: Prospective, Randomized and Double-blind Study

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a contrary event observed between 20 to 83%, especially on elderly and patients submitted to cardiac surgery. The prevention and rehabilitation on cases of POCD can improve the quality of life and decrease the mortality in surgical patients. The effect of the noninvasive cerebral stimulation, also known as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been studied to be used in the treatment of brain injuries and depression, and also in the cognitive rehabilitation. The hypothesis is that the use of the tDCS technique can decrease the occurrence of POCD and cognitively rehabilitate patients submitted to cardiac surgeries.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

SUMMARY Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a contrary event observed between 20 to 83%, especially on elderly, patients submitted to cardiac surgery. Besides the difficult diagnosis, the limitations of prevention and rehabilitation on cases of POCD may compromise the quality of life and increase the mortality in surgical patients. The neuromodulator effect of the noninvasive cerebral stimulation, also known as transcranial stimulation, with a low intensity electric current (tDCS) has been studied to be used in the treatment of brain injuries and depression, and also in the cognitive rehabilitation. The hypothesis is that the use of the tDCS technique in sessions can decrease the occurrence of POCD and cognitively rehabilitate patients submitted to cardiac surgeries. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the tDCS over the occurrence of POCD on patient submitted to cardiac surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)

After the approval by the constitutional ethics commission, will be included in the study 138 adult patients submitted to a cardiac surgery. After the subscription of the consent form by the responsible the patients will be randomly allocated in two groups:

tDCS GROUP: These patients will be submitted to 2 daily sessions of cerebral stimulation, starting from the first day after the surgery, for 4 consecutive days, with each session having 20 minutes, and a minimum break of 8 hours between them. Will be applied a direct current stimulus of 2 milliampere (mA) in the right anode and in the left cathode on the prefrontal right region.

CONTROL GROUP: In these patients will be applied, with the same equipment used in tDCS, a simulated stimulus similar to the active one. They will also be submitted to some psychological test to evaluate theirs mnemonics, attentional, executive and global functions. The volunteers will be evaluated in a model with the intention to treat (ITT) of recovering the cognitive functions evaluated by scores on the test based on normative tables, this is the primary outcome. The secondary outcome will be improvements on the response of these cognitive tests, the admission of these patients will last 15 days in the intensive treatment unity and in the hospital. There will also be evaluated data relative to the surgery, the cognitive evolution and the quality of life in postoperative period.

Will also be applied neuropsychological tests to evaluate memory, attention, and executive functions as well as another tests to assess specifics contents useful to describe the sample and research' results.

The tests applied will be on specific data set. Sociodemographic data will be analyzed including education, marital status, occupation, and current medication. Signs and symptoms of depression will be assess preoperatively using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), for screening on global cognitive will be use Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), will be use the Verbal Learning Test (VLT) for long-term memory and the Recognition Memory Test (TEM-R) for visual memory, the Symbol Digit Modified Test (SDMT) will be use to assess short-term memory, visual search skill and attention, STROOP Test will be assess the selective attention, inhibitory ability and mental flexibility that are constructs of executive function and the Trail Making Test (TMT) for the assessment of selective and alternating attention.

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which consists of 21 questions that explore depressive symptoms on a scale of 0 to 4, where zero represents no symptoms and four is the maximum symptomatology. A total of 14 points will be consider indicative of the presence of moderate depressive symptoms.

Patient Questionnaire health (PHQ-9), this questionnaire about the health of the patient is an instrument with 9 questions. Each question has 4 possible responses: 0 (no day), 1 (several days), 2 (more than half days), and 3 (nearly every day). The PHQ-9 can be interpreted in three ways: 10 in the form of algorithm, identifying individuals with a major depressive episode and tracking probable cases of major depressive disorder; 20 as a continuous measure, with scores between 0 and 27 points, being able to assess levels of depressive symptoms through the cut- points 5, 10, 15 and 20 points = mild depression, moderate, severe and serious; 30 as continuous measurements with scores between 0 and 27 points, classifying the individuals dichotomous through the use of a single cutting point (typically ≥10).

The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM-ICU) is a test to evaluate delirium; patients are evaluating qualitatively by the researcher from a number of simple questions to the presence or absence of postoperative delirium. This review will be done on the patient to wake up from anesthesia in the first hours after surgery and on the third day postoperative.

The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) will be use as a standardized test to assess neuropsychological functioning when assessing cognitive skills. This test can be used when screening personally is impractical or when patients are unable to attend the clinic. This test consists of a structured interview with 11 items that assess the skills of spatial and temporal orientation, mental control, memory, general information, language and calculations.

Memory will be assessed using the Verbal Learning Test (VLT) this test consists of a list of words. A list of 15 words is presented and must to be stored and recalled in three successive attempts (VLT / A-B-C), with delayed recall after 25 minutes (VLT-Delay). Rate is the number of words recalled and the number of errors for each presentation. The VLT evaluates the modalities of memory immediate, consolidated and long-term. This instrument will be held in two stages: pre-operative at the time of 1st evaluation before surgery and postoperatively in the second and final assessment between day 10 and 15 postoperatively.

The Recognition Memory Test (TEM-R) consists of storing pictures and words to further identify remembered stimuli. For the stimulus responses can be presented to the subject in graphic form (figures) or written (words). This instrument will be held in two stages: pre-operative at the time of 1st evaluation before surgery and postoperatively in the second and final assessment between day 10 and 15 postoperatively.

The Symbol Digit Modified Test (SDMT) will be applied for the evaluation of short-term memory, visual search skill and attention. This is a graphical task where the individual has to fill in symbols exemplified in the spaces below the corresponding number within 180 seconds. The result is measured as the number of symbols drawn and the number of errors.

Attention will be assessed by STROOP Test, which consists in presenting three paper sheets to the subject. The first one, the patient should verbalize the names of colors printed in black ink. In the second, verbalization is made of color are filled rectangles, the same provision of the words of the previous slide. The third blade consist in verbalize colors printed over the written word. Evaluates selective attention, inhibitory ability and mental flexibility that are constructs of executive function. Scores obtained include the number of words (Word task), number of bar colors (Color), and number of color words (Color-Word) completed within a set time, or as noted above, the amount of time required to complete each of the tasks. We will consider the number of errors as well.

Attention will also be evaluated using the Trail Making Test (TMT) for the assessment of selective and alternating attention. In part A of the test, the subject must draw lines connecting consecutively numbered circles. In part B, the subject must draw lines connecting circles alternately with letters and numbers in a sequence. The result is measured as time and trail errors. The Attention function will be examined with Trail Making Test (TMT). This test consists of two parts. In Part A, the subject must draw lines connecting consecutively numbered circles. In Part B, the subject must draw lines alternately connecting circles with letters and numbers in a sequence. The test involves addition of alternate and selective attention, visual screening and complex manual dexterity (Part A) and executive processes (Part B). Among the executive procedures, the inhibitory ability and cognitive alternating seem to be those most required in completing the task. They are valued the time spent and the number of errors in each of. These instrument will be held in two stages: pre-operative at the time of 1st evaluation before surgery and postoperatively in the second and final assessment between day 10 and 15 postoperatively.

The neuropsychological test will be describes according to the groups and the moments of application, with average usage, standard deviation and compared to results of normative charts with Z-score (±1,96) being the reference of cognitive dysfunction. The data will be expressed in means, medians, confidence intervals (CI-95%) and standard deviation (SD) and evaluated as to normality, being the normal data analyzed by Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE), to comparison of the results between the two groups. P<0,05 will be considered significant.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

138

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Brazil
      • Sao Paulo, Brazil, 02019010
        • Livia Stocco Sanches Valentin

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adult patients over 18 years candidates do cardiac surgeries with extracorporeal circulation. Patients that signed the Free and Clarified Consent Form

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Historic of progressive mental disease or dementia
  • Psychiatric disease that affects cognition
  • Lack of fluency of the Portuguese language
  • Historic of epilepsies, convulsions, fainting and syncope
  • With serious cranial traumas, carriers of ventriculoperitoneal derivation valves or metallic objects implanted in the brain
  • With hearing problems or cochlear implants
  • With cardiac pacemaker or any metallic implants in the body; Use of neuropsychiatric medications on the preoperative period
  • Already submitted to the stimulation of the tDCS

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: tDCS GROUP
These patients will be submitted to 2 daily sessions of cerebral stimulation, starting from the first day after the surgery, for 4 consecutive days, with each session having 20 minutes, and a minimum break of 8 hours between them. Will be applied a direct current stimulus of 2 milliampere (mA) in the right anode and in the left cathode on the prefrontal right region.
Device: tDCS
Application of two daily sessions of cerebral stimulation starting from the first day after de surgery, for 4 consecutive days, with each session having 20 minutes, having an 8 hour minimum break between them. Will be applied a direct current stimulus of 2 milliampere (mA) (right anode/left cathode) in the prefrontal right region.
Other Names:
  • transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Sham Comparator: CONTROL GROUP
In these patients will be applied, with the same equipment used in tDCS, a simulated stimulus similar to the active one. They will also be submitted to some psychological test to evaluate theirs mnemonics, attentional, executive and global functions.
Device: tDCS
Application of two daily sessions of cerebral stimulation starting from the first day after de surgery, for 4 consecutive days, with each session having 20 minutes, having an 8 hour minimum break between them. Will be applied a direct current stimulus of 2 milliampere (mA) (right anode/left cathode) in the prefrontal right region.
Other Names:
  • transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
tDCS as a cognitive enhancer for patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery
Time Frame: 18 months
Evaluate if tDCS sessions decrease the occurrence of POCD in patients submitted to extracorporeal circulation on cardiac surgery. Neuropsychological testing: Changes in results from neuropsychological assessment pre (before the first stimulation) to post treatment (after the last stimulation). There will be a eight days time frame from pre assessment to post assessment. The improvement of the skills and cognitive functions will be compare with results of tests for evaluation of quality of life, depressive symptoms and neuropsychological battery to assess, attention, visuospatial perception, immediate memory, operational, long-term memory and executive skills and recall, including processing speed.
18 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes in results from neuropsychological assessment pre (before the first stimulation) to post treatment (after the last stimulation).
Time Frame: 15 days
Evaluate if tDCS sessions rehabilitate the compromised cognitive functions on patients submitted to extracorporeal circulation cardiac surgery. Neuropsychological testing: Changes in results from neuropsychological assessment pre (before the first stimulation) to post treatment (after the last stimulation). The improvement of the skills and cognitive functions will be compare with results of tests for evaluation of quality of life, depressive symptoms and neuropsychological battery to assess, attention, visuospatial perception, immediate memory, operational, long-term memory and executive skills and recall, including processing speed.
15 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Sao Paulo

Collaborators

Harvard Medical School (HMS and HSDM)

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Livia S Valentin, Ph.D., University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

July 8, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 29, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

November 8, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 5, 2015

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 12, 2015

First Posted (Estimated)

September 15, 2015

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 7, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 5, 2024

Last Verified

March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • Transcranial Stimulation

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction

Clinical Trials on tDCS

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Congo

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

3
Subscribe