Impact of Training Status on Bioavailability of Flavanones

Impact of Training Status of Endurance Athletes on Bioavailability of Flavanones

Flavonoids are compounds that have been proven to have a beneficial effect on health, such as reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and, in some cases, cancer. Citrus juices have a high flavonoid content. However, the absorption of flavonoids into the body is limited. This study will investigate whether being physically active improves the absorption of flavonoids.

Endurance trained athletes will be invited to participate. Following screening procedures (a. Health Screening Questionnaire; b. height and weight measurement for calculation of Body Mass Index; c. maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) uptake test, eligible participants will undertake two experimental tests; one during a period of normal training, the other immediately following 1 week of detraining.

In the morning of the experimental trial participants will consume 500 mL of orange juice. Blood samples and urinary fractions will be collected prior (base line) to and for 24 hours after orange juice consumption. Participants will be asked to follow a special polyphenol-free diet and record weighed dietary intake for 2 days preceding each trial and during the day of the experimental trial.

The study aims to:

1. Determine the effects of training status of endurance athletes on bioavailability of flavanones in endurance trained individuals
2. Determine whether changes in bioavailability of flavanones are related to changes in biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, plasma lipids and insulin sensitivity.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Normal training; Behavioral: De-training

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 13
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Glasgow, United Kingdom
    • University of Glasgow School of Medicine

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• trained regularly for at least 4 years and typically perform at least 5 hours of endurance training per week (distance runners, triathletes, cyclists)
• healthy
• normotensive
• non-smokers
• not taking any drug therapies
• VO2 max >50 ml/kg body mass

Exclusion Criteria:

• history of gastrointestinal disease
• vegetarian
• unstable food habits
• VO2 max < 50 ml/kg body mass

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Experimental tests; 2 sets of experimental tests; once, during a period of normal training and repeated following one week of de-training	Behavioral: Normal training; 5-10 hours of endurance training each week; Behavioral: De-training; No training

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
• Plasma pharmacokinetics of naringenin, hesperetin, eriodictyol, isorhamnetin and phenolic acid metabolites	Change in plasma concentrations collected at base line (0 hours) and 0.5,1, 2, 3,4,5,6,7,8, and 24 hours after ingestion of orange juice	24 hours
• Urinary excretion of naringenin, hesperetin, eriodictyol, isorhamnetin and phenolic acid metabolites	Change in concentrations in urinary fraction collected at base line (0 hours) and after ingestion of orange juice (0-5, 5-8, 8-10, 10-24 hours)	24 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Maximal Oxygen Consumption	Maximal Oxygen Consumption (ml/kg/min) measured in trained state by Douglas bag method	30 minutes
Body weight	Difference in body weight in kilograms between trained and detrained states measured by TANITA scales (TBF-300, Cranlea, UK)	7 days
Body fatness	Difference in percentage of body fat between trained and detrained states measured by bioelectrical impedance method (TBF-300, TANITA, Cranlea, UK)	7 days
Dietary Intake	Difference in energy/macronutrient intake between trained and detrained states measured from 7 day weighted food records	7 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Glasgow
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Dalia Malkova, University of Glasgow

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Pereira-Caro G, Clifford MN, Polyviou T, Ludwig IA, Alfheeaid H, Moreno-Rojas JM, Garcia AL, Malkova D, Crozier A. Plasma pharmacokinetics of (poly)phenol metabolites and catabolites after ingestion of orange juice by endurance trained men. Free Radic Biol Med. 2020 Nov 20;160:784-795. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.007. Epub 2020 Sep 11.
• Pereira-Caro G, Polyviou T, Ludwig IA, Nastase AM, Moreno-Rojas JM, Garcia AL, Malkova D, Crozier A. Bioavailability of orange juice (poly)phenols: the impact of short-term cessation of training by male endurance athletes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Sep;106(3):791-800. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.149898. Epub 2017 Jul 26.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: September 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): August 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 2, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 8, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): December 11, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): December 11, 2015
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 8, 2015
• Last Verified: December 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Biological availability; Flavanones; Endurance-trained athletes
• Other Study ID Numbers: 200120075