Extracorporeal Photopheresis and Low Dose Aldesleukin in Treating Patients With Steroid Refractory Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Phase II Trial of Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP) Plus Low Dose IL-2 for Treatment of Steroid Refractory Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease (cGVHD)

This phase II trial studies efficacy of extracorporeal photopheresis and low dose aldesleukin (interleukin-2) in treating patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) that does not respond to upfront treatment with steroids. In graft-vs-host disease, patients have a small quantity of a white blood cell called T regulatory cells or T-reg cells that helps to control the immune system. Extracorporeal photopheresis is a procedure where patient's blood is removed and treated with ultraviolet light and drugs that become active when exposed to light. The treated blood is then returned to the patient and may be effective in increasing T-reg cells in patients with cGVHD. Aldesleukin increases the activity and growth of white blood cells, and it has shown to enhance T-reg cells in patients with cGVHD and may be effective improving GVHD symptoms.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment; Biological: Aldesleukin; Procedure: Extracorporeal Photopheresis

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate the anti-cGVHD activity of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) when combined with low dose IL-2 (interleukin 2) (aldesleukin), in patients with steroid refractory cGVHD, as assessed by overall cGVHD response rate (complete response [CR]+partial response [PR]+stable disease [SD]).

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Characterize and evaluate toxicities, including type, frequency, severity, attribution, time course and duration.

II. Estimate overall and failure-free survival, non-relapse mortality (NRM) and relapse, through 1 year after initiation of treatment.

III. Characterize chronic GVHD Symptom Scale scores -self-report (with assistance from register nurses [RNs] and medical doctors [MDs]).

IV. Assess the immunologic effects of low-dose daily subcutaneous (SC) IL-2 + ECP.

V. Correlate clinical endpoints of response with ECP performance parameters.

OUTLINE:

Patients receive aldesleukin subcutaneously (SC) daily for 12 weeks. Patients also undergo ECP twice weekly on weeks 1-4 and then receive 2 ECP treatments every 2 weeks on weeks 5-12. Patients responding to upfront therapy with aldesleukin and ECP have the option to continue combination therapy per the discretion of the treating physician until clinical benefit is maintained or toxicities develop.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 10
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Duarte, California, United States, 91010
      • City of Hope Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation with myeloablative or non-myeloablative conditioning regimens; alternative donor transplants (umbilical cord blood and haploidentical) are allowed
• Patients with chronic GVHD requiring systemic therapy are eligible
• Participants must have steroid-refractory cGVHD, which is defined as having persistent signs and symptoms of cGVHD despite the use of prednisone at 0.20 mg/kg/day (or 0.5 mg/kg every other day) for at least 4 weeks (or equivalent dosing of alternate corticosteroids) without complete resolution of signs and symptoms
• Karnofsky performance status of 70-100 %
• Estimated life expectancy greater than 3 months
• Women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control or abstinence) prior to study entry and for six months following duration of study participation; should a woman become pregnant or suspect that she is pregnant while participating on the trial, she should inform her treating physician immediately
• Stable dose of corticosteroids for 2 weeks prior to enrollment, i.e. the patient's steroid dose (mg/kg) will remain unchanged (eg 0.5 mg/kg) in the 2 weeks preceding enrollment; allowances will be made for up or down titrating the dose based on changes in body weight
• Total bilirubin < 2.0 mg/dl-exception permitted in patients with Gilbert's syndrome
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 2 x upper limit of normal (ULN), unless hepatic dysfunction is a manifestation of presumed cGVHD
• Abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) in the context of active cGVHD involving other organ systems may also be permitted if the treating physician documents the LFTs as being consistent with hepatic cGVHD and a liver biopsy will not be mandated in this situation
• Serum creatinine within normal institutional limits or creatinine clearance > 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 for participants with creatinine levels above institutional normal
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 1000/mm^3
• Platelets > 50,000/mm^3
• All subjects must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent
• Patients with steroid refractory cGVHD typically have received salvage with multiple lines of therapy; hence in this trial there will be no restriction in terms of prior lines of therapy received; prior ECP exposure is allowed, however prior IL-2 use is excluded

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients should not have any uncontrolled illness including ongoing or active infection; patients with an ongoing prednisone requirement of > 1 mg/kg/day (or equivalent) will be excluded
• History of thrombotic microangiopathy, hemolytic-uremic syndrome or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Exposure to any new immunosuppressive medication in the 4 weeks prior to enrollment
• Donor lymphocyte infusion within 100 days prior to enrollment
• Active malignant relapse
• Uncontrolled cardiac angina or symptomatic congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III or IV)
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy are ineligible
• Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents, or concurrent parenteral biological, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Oral chemotherapeutic agents or biologics-for example ruxolitinib therapy (either past or current exposure)-is allowed
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to IL-2
• Patients must not have received prior chemotherapy (pentostatin) within 4 weeks before study enrollment, and those who have not recovered from the adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier are excluded
• Pregnant women are excluded from this study; breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with IL-2
• Patients with other active malignancies are ineligible for this study, other than superficial localized skin cancer (basal or squamous cell carcinoma)
• Subjects, who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with IL-2 or ECP treatment requirements or the safety monitoring requirements of the study, will be excluded from participation

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Supportive care (aldesleukin and ECP); Patients receive aldesleukin SC daily for 12 weeks. Patients also undergo ECP twice weekly on weeks 1-4 and then receive 2 ECP treatments every 2 weeks on weeks 5-12. Patients responding to upfront therapy with aldesleukin and ECP have the option to continue combination therapy per the discretion of the treating physician until clinical benefit is maintained or toxicities develop.

Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies; Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment; Ancillary studies; Other Names: Quality of Life Assessment; Biological: Aldesleukin; Given SC; Other Names: Proleukin; 125-L-Serine-2-133-interleukin 2; r-serHuIL-2; Recombinant Human IL-2; Recombinant Human Interleukin-2; Procedure: Extracorporeal Photopheresis; Undergo ECP; Other Names: Extracorporeal Photophoresis; photopheresis; Photophoresis

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Overall Response Rate at Week 16 (4 Weeks After the End of Treatment)	Defined as the proportion of response-evaluable participates that achieve a CR/PR or SD at Week 16 (4 weeks after the end of treatment).	At Week 16 (4 weeks after the end of treatment)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Failure-free Survival	Failure-free survival will be estimated using the product-limit method of Kaplan and Meier.	From date of first dose of study drug to first documented cGVHD progression (necessitating change of treatment), malignancy relapse or progression or death from any cause, whichever occurs first, assessed up to 1 year
Overall Survival	Overall survival was estimated using the product-limit method of Kaplan and Meier.	From date of first dose of study drug to date of death from any cause, assessed up to 1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: City of Hope Medical Center
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Amandeep Salhotra, MD, City of Hope Medical Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 18, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 16, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): June 26, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 23, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 28, 2016
• First Posted (Estimated): January 2, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 8, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 4, 2024
• Last Verified: April 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Respiratory Tract Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Lung Diseases; Bronchial Diseases; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Bronchitis; Bronchiolitis Obliterans; Bronchiolitis; Organizing Pneumonia; Graft vs Host Disease; Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Anti-Infective Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Antiviral Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Antineoplastic Agents; Aldesleukin; Interleukin-2
• Other Study ID Numbers: 15125 (Other Identifier: City of Hope Medical Center); NCI-2015-01933 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program))

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No