- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT03051997
Increasing Caregiver Engagement in Juvenile Drug Courts
March 6, 2024 updated by: Medical University of South Carolina
Behavioral Incentives to Increase Caregiver Engagement in Juvenile Drug Courts
The purpose of this study is to test a prize-based contingency management intervention for increasing caregiver engagement in juvenile drug court and adolescent drug treatment, and for achieving the ultimate outcomes of reduced substance use and delinquent behavior among drug court-involved youth.
Study Overview
Status
Completed
Conditions
Detailed Description
Juvenile offenders with substance abuse problems represent a large and underserved population that is at high risk of deleterious outcomes and long-term costs for themselves, their families, communities, and society.
Moreover, a high percentage of substance abusing adolescents continue to abuse substances and engage in criminal activity into adulthood.
Although one juvenile justice intervention, Juvenile Drug Court (JDC), has emerged as a promising model for reducing drug use and delinquency among youth, its effectiveness is variable.
Drug court outcomes may be compromised by the lack of caregiver engagement in JDC processes and adolescent drug treatment.
Incorporating easily implemented evidence-based incentive programs in JDCs might improve their effectiveness in reducing youth drug use and re-offending.
An extensive body of research supports the critical role that families play in the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of adolescent substance abuse.
Although family-based interventions for adolescent substance abuse have been shown to be superior to other treatment modalities, parents must attend treatment and participate in meaningful ways for these superior outcomes to be realized.
This randomized clinical trial will examine the efficacy of a prize-based contingency management intervention for increasing caregiver engagement (attendance and participation) in JDC and adolescent drug treatment.
This caregiver contingency management intervention (CCM) will be compared with drug court treatment as usual (TAU).
Increased caregiver participation is predicted to improve adolescent outcomes (decreased drug use and delinquent behavior).
One hundred and eighty youth enrolled in JDC will be randomly assigned along with a parent/caregiver to TAU or CCM.
Analyses will examine measures of caregiver engagement in JDC as well as youth substance use (urine drug screens) and delinquent activity.
Results from this study will demonstrate the effectiveness of CCM procedures for increasing caregiver attendance and participation in JDC and adolescent drug treatment above and beyond drug court and usual care.
If effective, the CCM approach may ultimately be used to enhance JDC outcomes, thereby reducing substance use and recidivism in juvenile offenders served by this promising juvenile justice intervention.
Study Type
Interventional
Enrollment (Actual)
195
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.
Study Locations
-
-
Ohio
-
Dayton, Ohio, United States, 45422
- Montgomer County Juvenile Court, 380 West Second Street
-
-
Texas
-
Corpus Christi, Texas, United States, 78415
- Nueces County Juvenile Court/Juvenile Treatment Court
-
-
Participation Criteria
Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
13 years to 89 years (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Description
Inclusion Criteria for youth:
- Involved in juvenile drug court
- Aged 13-17 years
- Youth is willing to participate
- At least one caregiver is willing to participate in the youth's treatment
- Fluent in English or Spanish
Exclusion Criteria for youth:
- Diagnosed with intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder
Inclusion Criteria for caregivers:
- Caregiver of youth involved in juvenile drug court
- Caregiver is willing to participate
- Fluent in English or Spanish
Exclusion Criteria for caregivers:
- Diagnosed with intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder
Inclusion Criteria for therapists:
- Providing substance abuse treatment to a youth in juvenile drug court
Exclusion Criteria for therapists:
- None
Inclusion Criteria for Juvenile Drug Court Personnel:
- Personnel working in juvenile drug court
Exclusion Criteria for Juvenile Drug Court Personnel:
- None
Study Plan
This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Single
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Caregiver Contingency Management + Usual Drug Court Treatment
This group will receive a caregiver contingency management intervention plus the standard outpatient substance abuse treatment services provided at JDC.
|
In addition to receiving JDC treatment as usual described below, caregiver participants will receive prize draws for engaging in activities consistent with their adolescents' successful completion of the JDC program during the time the youth is actively involved in JDC and substance abuse treatment.
Specific activities that may be reinforced include: attendance at drug court hearings; accompanying the youth to probation meetings; participating in home visits; attendance at the youth's drug treatment sessions; attendance at mental health provider meetings; attending groups for parents of youth with substance abuse issues; and completing other verifiable treatment-related activities.
All activities will meet the goals of (directly or indirectly) enhancing caregiver participation in the JDC and/or treatment process.
Caregivers will receive escalating chances for tangible reinforcers each week for completing up to 3 of the activities agreed upon by the caregiver and the therapist.
|
Active Comparator: Usual Drug Court Treatment
This group will receive the standard outpatient substance abuse treatment services provided at JDC.
|
Standard outpatient substance abuse treatment services that a young person would receive while participating in JDC.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Changes from baseline to 18 months post-baseline in Youth Urine Drug Screens (measured at 0, 3, 5, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 18 months
|
Number of positive drug screens from toxicology testing with youth for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), amphetamines, methamphetamines, opiates, cocaine, benzodiazepines, MDMA, and oxycodone.
|
Baseline to 18 months
|
Changes from baseline to 18 months post-baseline in Youth Substance Use Frequency and Problems (measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 18 months
|
Frequency of substance use and substance-related problems self-reported by youth on the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs.
|
Baseline to 18 months
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Changes from baseline to 18 months post-baseline in Youth Arrests, Charges, and Convictions.
Time Frame: Baseline to 18 months
|
Number of youth arrests, charges, and convictions measured via official arrest records.
|
Baseline to 18 months
|
Changes from baseline to 18 months post-baseline in Youth Delinquent Behaviors (measured at 0, 3, 5, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 18 months
|
Frequency of delinquent behaviors self-reported by youth using the Self-Report Delinquency Scale.
|
Baseline to 18 months
|
Changes from Baseline to 18 months post-baseline in caregiver reports on Youth Internalizing Symptoms and Externalizing Behaviors (measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 18 months
|
Frequency of youth's internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors measured with the Child Behavior Checklist (caregiver report).
|
Baseline to 18 months
|
Changes from Baseline to 18 months post-baseline in youth reports on Youth Internalizing Symptoms and Externalizing Behaviors (measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 18 months
|
Frequency of youth's internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors measured with the Brief Problem Checklist (youth report).
|
Baseline to 18 months
|
Changes from baseline to post-treatment in Caregiver Substance Use Problems.
Time Frame: Baseline through treatment completion, an average of 4 months
|
Frequency and severity of substance use problems self-reported by caregivers on the Addiction Severity Index.
|
Baseline through treatment completion, an average of 4 months
|
Changes from baseline to post-treatment in Caregiver Depressive Symptoms.
Time Frame: Baseline through treatment completion, an average of 4 months
|
Frequency and severity of depressive symptoms self-reported by caregivers on the Beck Depression Inventory.
|
Baseline through treatment completion, an average of 4 months
|
Changes from baseline to post-treatment in Therapist-Family Working Alliance (measured at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months, as well as post-treatment).
Time Frame: Baseline through treatment completion, an average of 4 months
|
Levels of alliance during treatment reported by therapists, caregivers, and youth on the Working Alliance Inventory.
|
Baseline through treatment completion, an average of 4 months
|
Changes from baseline to post-treatment in Caregiver Treatment Attendance and Activity Completion (measured at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months, as well as post-treatment).
Time Frame: Baseline through treatment completion, an average of 4 months
|
Frequency of caregiver attendance at their youth's substance use treatment sessions and completion of therapeutic activities reported by therapists on the Session Tracking Sheet.
|
Baseline through treatment completion, an average of 4 months
|
Changes from baseline to the end of JDC involvement in Caregiver Attendance at JDC Sessions.
Time Frame: Baseline through the end of JDC involvement, an average of 12 months
|
Frequency of caregiver attendance at their youth's JDC sessions reported by JDC personnel on the JDC Attendance Form.
|
Baseline through the end of JDC involvement, an average of 12 months
|
Rates of Treatment Completion.
Time Frame: Up to 4 months on average
|
Rates of youth treatment completion reported by therapists using the Treatment Termination Form.
|
Up to 4 months on average
|
Levels of Satisfaction with Treatment and JDC.
Time Frame: Up to 4 months on average
|
Levels of satisfaction with substance use treatment and JDC reported by caregivers and youth on the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire.
|
Up to 4 months on average
|
Changes from baseline to post-treatment in Caregiver Perceptions of Incentive Programs.
Time Frame: Baseline through treatment completion, an average of 4 months
|
Ratings by caregivers on perceptions of incentive-based interventions as measured by the Provider Survey of Incentives.
|
Baseline through treatment completion, an average of 4 months
|
Changes from baseline to 36 months post-baseline in Therapist and JDC Personnel Perceptions of Incentive Programs (measured at 0, 12, 24, and 36 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 36 months
|
Ratings by therapists and JDC personnel on perceptions of incentive-based interventions as measured by the Provider Survey of Incentives.
|
Baseline to 36 months
|
Reports at post-treatment on Youth and Caregiver Attitudes Toward Incentive Programs.
Time Frame: Up to 4 months on average
|
Youth and caregiver attitudes toward incentive programs as measured during qualitative interviews.
|
Up to 4 months on average
|
Changes from baseline to 36 months post-baseline in Therapist and JDC Personnel Attitudes Toward Incentive Programs (measured at 0, 12, 24, and 36 months).
Time Frame: Baseline to 36 months
|
Therapist and JDC personnel attitudes toward incentive programs as measured during qualitative interviews.
|
Baseline to 36 months
|
Collaborators and Investigators
This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.
Collaborators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Phillippe Cunningham, Ph.D., Medical University of South Carolina
- Principal Investigator: David Ledgerwood, Ph.D., Wayne State University
- Study Director: Stacy Ryan, Ph.D., The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Publications and helpful links
The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.
Study record dates
These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
October 13, 2017
Primary Completion (Actual)
December 12, 2023
Study Completion (Actual)
December 12, 2023
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
February 8, 2017
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
February 9, 2017
First Posted (Actual)
February 14, 2017
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
March 7, 2024
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
March 6, 2024
Last Verified
March 1, 2024
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- R01MD011322 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
NO
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
No
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
Clinical Trials on Substance Abuse
-
The Morton Center, Inc.National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)UnknownAlcohol Dependence | Cannabis Dependence | Alcohol Abuse | Cannabis Abuse | Other Substance AbuseUnited States
-
National Health Promotion Associates, Inc.UnknownSubstance Use | Substance Abuse | Prescription Drug Abuse (Not Dependent)United States
-
National Health Promotion Associates, Inc.UnknownSubstance Use | Substance Abuse | Prescription Drug Abuse (Not Dependent)
-
Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical CenterUnknownAlcohol Dependence | Alcohol Abuse | Substance Abuse ProblemUnited States
-
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)CompletedDrug/Substance Abuse/Addiction | Alcohol Abuse/AddictionUnited States
-
Johns Hopkins UniversityNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)CompletedSubstance Abuse, IntravenousUnited States
-
Sheidow Consulting, Inc.Oregon Social Learning CenterCompletedSubstance Abuse ProblemUnited States
-
Penn State UniversityCompletedSubstance Abuse ProblemUnited States
-
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)CompletedSubstance Abuse | Drug Abuse | Alcohol AbuseUnited States
-
Yale UniversityNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)CompletedChild Abuse | Parent-Child Relations | Parenting | Parents | Addiction | Child Neglect | Substance Abuse Drug Chronic | Child Neglect Emotional | Parent-Child Problem | Parent / Child Problem | Parenteral Drug AbuseUnited States
Clinical Trials on Caregiver Contingency Management + Usual Drug Court Treatment
-
University of LethbridgeAlberta Innovates Health Solutions; Alberta Gambling Research InstituteCompletedGambling, PathologicalCanada
-
Medical University of South CarolinaCompletedMental Health | Substance Abuse | DelinquencyUnited States
-
Duke UniversityNational Institute of Nursing Research (NINR); Palliative Care Research Cooperative...Completed
-
Wayne State UniversityRecruitingSubstance Use DisordersUnited States
-
Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthRecruitingPTSD | Cannabis Use | Cognitive Symptom | Comorbidities and Coexisting ConditionsCanada
-
Johns Hopkins UniversityAmerican Thoracic SocietyCompletedTobacco DependenceUnited States
-
Wayne State UniversityNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)Completed
-
Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal...Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)RecruitingAddiction | Methamphetamine-dependence | Addiction, Substance | Methamphetamine AbuseCanada
-
Hospital Clinic of BarcelonaUnknown
-
Medical University of South CarolinaNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)CompletedAdolescent Substance UseUnited States