PAEAN - Erythropoietin for Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy in Newborns (PAEAN)

Preventing Adverse Outcomes of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy With Erythropoietin: A Phase III Randomised Placebo Controlled Multicentre Clinical Trial

Double-blind, placebo controlled Phase III trial of erythropoietin for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in infants receiving hypothermia. The study aim is to determine whether Epo in conjunction with hypothermia in infants with moderate/severe hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) will improve neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of age, without significant adverse effects, when compared to hypothermia alone.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Epoetin Alfa; Drug: Normal saline

Detailed Description

A lack of oxygen (hypoxia) or low blood supply (ischaemia) before or during birth can destroy cells in a newborn baby's brain. The damage caused by the lack of oxygen continues for some time afterwards. One way to try to reduce this damage is to induce hypothermia cooling the baby or just the baby's head for hours to days. Erythropoietin (Epo) given in the first week after birth shows promise as a treatment that may also help. This study is to find out whether Epo plus induced hypothermia (cooling) of near-term newborn babies who have suffered from low blood or oxygen supply to the brain at birth reduces death and disability in survivors at two years of age.

The target population is 300 newborn term or near term infants (greater than or equal to 35+0 weeks gestation) with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy who are receiving, or planned to receive hypothermia and who are able to be recruited in time to allow study treatment to commence before 24 hours of age.

This is a double blind, placebo controlled, parallel, 2 arm randomised, phase III multicentre trial, stratified by study site and by severity of encephalopathy at study entry.

The treatment group of 150 infants will receive human recombinant Epo, 1000 IU/kg IV on days 1, 2, 3, 5 & 7 of life. The control group will receive 0.9% sodium chloride as a placebo on days 1, 2, 3, 5 & 7 of life.

Families will be followed up every 6 months until the primary assessment of death and disability at 2 years of age.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 313
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Australia
  • Australian Capital Territory
    • Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia, 2605
      • Canberra Hospital
  • New South Wales
    • Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia, 2050
      • Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
    • Kingswood, New South Wales, Australia, 2747
      • Nepean Hospital
    • New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia, 2305
      • John Hunter Hospital
    • Randwick, New South Wales, Australia, 2031
      • Royal Hospital for Women
    • St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia, 2065
      • Royal North Shore Hospital
    • Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, 2145
      • Westmead Hospital
  • Queensland
    • Herston, Queensland, Australia, 4006
      • Royal Women's & Brisbane Hospital
    • South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4101
      • Mater Mothers' Hospital
  • South Australia
    • Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia, 5042
      • Flinders Medical Centre
    • North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5006
      • Women's and Children's Hospital
  • Tasmania
    • Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 7000
      • Royal Hobart Hospital
  • Victoria
    • Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3168
      • Monash Medical Centre
    • Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia, 3084
      • Mercy Hospital for Women
    • Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
      • The Royal Children's Hospital
    • Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
      • The Royal Women's Hospital
  • Western Australia
    • Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia, 6008
      • King Edward Memorial Hospital
    • Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia, 6008
      • Princess Margaret Hospital
• New Zealand
  • Auckland, New Zealand, 1023
    • Auckland City Hospital
  • Auckland, New Zealand, 2104
    • Middlemore Hospital
  • Christchurch, New Zealand, 8140
    • Christchurch Hospital
  • Hamilton, New Zealand, 3204
    • Waikato Hospital
  • Wellington, New Zealand, 6021
    • Wellington Hospital
• Singapore
  • Singapore, Singapore, 229899
    • KK Women's and Children's Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: No older than 3 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male or female infants born greater than or equal to 35+0 weeks gestation and able to be randomised less than 23 hours after birth

• One or more of the following indicators of perinatal depression:

  1. Apgar less than or equal to 5 at 10 minutes after birth, OR
  2. Receiving ongoing resuscitation e.g. assisted ventilation (positive pressure ventilation or CPAP) or chest compressions at 10 minutes after birth, OR
  3. on cord blood or arterial or venous blood obtained at less than 60 minutes after birth, either pH less than 7.00 OR base deficit greater than or equal to 12.0 mmol/L

• Moderate to severe encephalopathy, defined between one and six hours after birth by one or both of the following:

  1. 3 out of 6 modified Sarnat criteria indicating moderate/severe encephalopathy, OR
  2. 2 out of 6 modified Sarnat criteria plus seizure(s) requiring anticonvulsant treatment (diagnosed either clinically or using EEG monitoring) at any time prior to randomisation
• Hypothermia treatment initiated by 6 hours ofa ge; i.e. controlled whole-body cooling planned to continue for 72 hours to a target temperature (adjusted manually or with a device) and subsequent controlled re-warming
• Study treatment planned to start within 24 hours after birth (as soon as feasible after randomisation)
• At least one parent greater than or equal to 18 years of age
• Anticipated ability to collect primary endpoint at 2 years of age
• Signed, written informed parental consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Contraindications to investigational product
• Indication prior to randomisation for erythropoietin or any other erythropoietic stimulating agent to be given during the first two weeks of life
• Severe intrauterine growth restriction (birth weight less than 1800g)
• Suspected major chromosomal or congenital anomalies
• Head circumference less than 3rd centile below the mean for gestation and gender
• Infant for whom imminent withdrawal of care is being planned

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Erythropoietin; Erythropoietin (epoetin alfa) 1000 IU/kg birth weight (capped at 4000IU daily) IV infusion, on Days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 of age	Drug: Epoetin Alfa; Other Names: Epogen; Procrit
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; IV normal saline (equiv. volume), on Days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 of age	Drug: Normal saline; Other Names: 0.9% NaCl

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Composite measure of death or moderate/severe disability	Moderate/severe disability is defined as any cerebral palsy and a Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) score greater than or equal to 1), or Bayley Scale of Infant Development III (BSDIII) less than or equal to 80	2 years of age

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Death	Death from any cause	Any time from Day 1 of treatment to 2 years of age
Cerebral palsy (CP), assessed by paediatric assessment	Any incidence of CP (any of quadriplegia, triplegia, hemiplegia, diplegia or monoplegia)	2 years of age
Moderate/severe motor deficit	Composite of any incidence of CP (any of quadriparesis, CP, hemiparesis or diparesis) AND any level of functional impairment using the GMFCS greater than or equal to 1.0	2 years of age
Moderate/severe cognitive deficit	Defined as a BSDIII cognitive score less than or equal to 80	2 years of age
Need for supplemental respiratory support (includes tracheostomy, ventilator, high flow nasal cannula, CPAP or oxygen dependency)	Supplemental respiratory support includes tracheostomy, ventilator, high flow nasal cannula, CPAP or oxygen dependency	2 years of age
Need for nutritional support (includes gastrostomy or nasogastric feeds)	Nutritional support includes gastrostomy or nasogastric feeds	2 years of age
Major cortical visual impairment by paediatric examination	Impairment as assessed by paediatric assessment	2 years of age
Hearing impairment status by paediatric examination - requirement for hearing aids	Defined as the requirement for hearing aids (either diagnosis of: Hears well or with only a little difficulty WITH a hearing aid OR Has severe hearing difficulty even with a hearing aid or hearing is not helped with an aid)	2 years of age
Epilepsy (history of 2 or more afebrile unprovoked seizures since discharge from neonatal unit where PAEAN study treatment was provided, or use of anticonvulsants at 2 years of age).	Defined by history of 2 or more afebrile unprovoked seizures since discharge from neonatal unit where PAEAN study treatment was provided, or use of anticonvulsants at 2 years of age	2 years of age
Cost of healthcare and service utilisation	Defined as a composite of parent completed questionnaire data and Medicare service use	2 years of age
Frequency of selected adverse events (AEs) of interest, including deaths	Frequency of selected adverse events (AEs) of interest up to 30 days after the last study dose	Up to 30 days post study treatment

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Distribution of overall disability	Distribution of overall severity across 4 domains: 1) normal, 2) mild motor or cognitive deficit, 3) moderate/severe motor or cognitive deficit, and 4) death	2 years of age

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Sydney
• Collaborators: National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia
• Investigators: Study Chair: Helen Liley, BHB, MBChB, University of Sydney

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 14, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 30, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): April 30, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 20, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 7, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): March 14, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 5, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 4, 2024
• Last Verified: June 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory; Hypoxia, Brain; Brain Ischemia; Ischemia; Brain Diseases; Hypoxia; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Hematinics; Epoetin Alfa
• Other Study ID Numbers: CTC0119; 12614000669695 (Registry Identifier: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO