WhatsApp Reminder on FIT Compliance

Effectiveness of WhatsApp Reminder on Compliance of Colorectal Cancer Screening: a Randomized Controlled Study

It is estimated that there are about 1.4 million patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide, with a rising trend in CRC incidence in many Asian Pacific countries. In Hong Kong, colorectal cancer ranks first in cancer incidence and second in cancer mortality based on data from 2014.

Recent guidelines from USA, Europe and Asia Pacific region recommend CRC screening for average-risk asymptomatic individuals starting at age 50. Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT), is one of the recommendation as first-line modality for CRC screening. Since yearly testing is recommended to maintain programmatic effectiveness longitudinal adherence is a critical component of FOBT-based screening programs. Our previous study conducted in Hong Kong showed that the rate of compliance with CRC screening was declining since the first year of enrolment8.

In recent years, social media (SM) has become an increasingly popular source of health information. By providing an easily accessible and interactive channel of communication between reviewers and information providers, it has potential values for affecting public health. However, the effects of SM on the compliance of CRC screening by FIT has not yet been studied.

WhatsApp Messenger, is the most popular social media messaging app worldwide. This randomized controlled study will investigate the effect of WhatsApp vs no reminder on the compliance of CRC screening by FIT.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Colorectal Cancer; Screening Compliance; Fecal Immunochemical Test
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: WhatsApp reminder

Detailed Description

It is estimated that there are about 1.4 million patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) worldwide, with a rising trend in CRC incidence in many Asian Pacific countries. In Hong Kong, colorectal cancer ranks first in cancer incidence and second in cancer mortality based on data from 2014.

Recent guidelines from USA, Europe and Asia Pacific region recommend CRC screening for average-risk asymptomatic individuals starting at age 50. Fecal immunochemical tests (FIT), is one of the recommendation as first-line modality for CRC screening. Since yearly testing is recommended to maintain programmatic effectiveness longitudinal adherence is a critical component of FOBT-based screening programs. Our previous study conducted in Hong Kong showed that the rate of compliance with CRC screening was declining since the first year of enrolment8.

In recent years, social media (SM) has become an increasingly popular source of health information. By providing an easily accessible and interactive channel of communication between reviewers and information providers, it has potential values for affecting public health. However, the effects of SM on the compliance of CRC screening by FIT has not yet been studied.

WhatsApp Messenger, is the most popular social media messaging app worldwide. This randomized controlled study will investigate the effect of WhatsApp vs no reminder on the compliance of CRC screening by FIT.

All subjects will be recruited from the existing cohort of screening participants who joined the bowel cancer screening programme in the CUHK JC Bowel Cancer Education Centre in 2016 with FOBT negative in the first round of screening, and who are expected to follow-up and return to the centre in 2017 for their second round of FOBT screening.

Each study subjects will be offered either an interactive WhatsApp reminder to return to the centre for taking faecal tubes for screening; or usual care, where no additional intervention will be offered. A simple random sampling process will be administered using computer-generated numbers so that each participant will have a 50% probability for assignment into each group. All potential participants identified who are eligible for the study will be randomized by a computer randomizer, which will give a number indicating the group assigned.

The outcome of interest included the proportion of subjects who return to the centre and retrieve faecal tubes for screening 30 days within the scheduled time for the second year of the screening test.

To investigate the long-term effect of WhatsApp reminder on FIT compliance, all subjects in this study (except those died or had positive FIT result) will be called in the first quarter of 2019 and offered FIT again in a cross-over design in 2019, i.e. 1) patients initially randomized to WhatsApp reminder group in 2017 will receive no reminder in 2019; and 2) those randomized to no reminder group in 2017 will receive WhatsApp reminder in 2019.. The FIT pickup and return rate and reason of default will be recorded again.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 500
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Hong Kong
  • Hong Kong, Hong Kong
    • The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 46 years to 71 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects who joined the bowel cancer screening programme in the CUHK JC Bowel Cancer Education Centre and are expected to follow up for annual FIT.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Lack of access to WhatsApp Messenger

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Screening
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: WhatsApp reminder; An interactive WhatsApp reminder to return to the centre for taking faecal tubes for screening	Other: WhatsApp reminder; An interactive WhatsApp reminder to return to the centre for taking faecal tubes for screening
No Intervention: No reminder

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Compliance rate	Compliance rate of FIT in the year of receiving the interventions/control	1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Compliance rate of second round	Compliance rate of FIT in the year of second round of follow up after crossing over	3 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Chinese University of Hong Kong
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Thomas Yuen Tung Lam, MSc, Chinese University of Hong Kong

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 16, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 31, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): December 31, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 4, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 4, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): July 6, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 14, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 10, 2021
• Last Verified: June 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Digestive System Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Colonic Diseases; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Neoplasms; Rectal Diseases; Colorectal Neoplasms
• Other Study ID Numbers: WhatsApp Compliance Study

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Undecided

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No