Assessment of the Safety, Tolerability, and Effectiveness of Rifapentine Given Daily for LTBI (ASTERoiD)

Six Weeks of Daily Rifapentine vs. a Comparator Arm of 12-16 Week Rifamycin-based Treatment of Latent M. Tuberculosis Infection: Assessment of Safety, Tolerability and Effectiveness

This study is conducted to compare the safety and effectiveness of a novel short 6-week regimen of daily rifapentine (6wP, experimental arm) with a comparator arm of 12-16 weeks of rifamycin-based treatment (standard of care, control arm) of latent M. tuberculosis infection (LTBI).

This trial is conducted among persons who are at increased risk of progression to tuberculosis (TB) and require treatment of LTBI. The study will be conducted in low, medium and high TB incidence settings that have treatment of LTBI as their standard of care and offer 12-16 week rifamycin-based therapy as standard of care.

The hypothesis of this study is that the safety and effectiveness of the experimental treatment (6wP arm) is non-inferior to a comparator arm of 12-16 weeks of rifamycin-based treatment of LTBI (control arm).

Participants are enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the two study arms: experimental 6wP or control. The comparator (control) arm's treatment regimens include 12 weeks of once-weekly isoniazid (INH) and rifapentine (3HP), 12 weeks of daily INH and rifampin (3HR), and 16 weeks of daily rifampin (4R). A total of 560 participants per arm (1,120 total) for the evaluation of safety and 1,700 participants per arm (3,400 total) for the evaluation of effectiveness will be enrolled, given treatment as per randomization assignment, and followed for 24 months from the date of enrollment.

After completion of data collection, statistical analyses will be conducted to compare proportions of drug discontinuation due to adverse drug reaction (ADR) and proportions of newly diagnosed tuberculosis between 6wP and control arm.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Latent Tuberculosis
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Rifapentine daily for 6 weeks; Drug: Rifapentine and Isoniazid weekly for 12 weeks; Drug: Rifampin and Isoniazid daily for 12 weeks; Drug: Rifampin daily for 16 weeks

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 3400
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Rosanna M Boyd, PhD; Phone Number: +1 (404)-553-7434; Email: icg7@cdc.gov
• Study Contact Backup: Name: TBTC Research Administrator; Phone Number: +1 (800)-232-4636; Email: tbtcresearchadmin@cdc.gov

Study Locations

• Australia
  • Sydney, Australia
    • Recruiting
    • Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
    • Contact: Greg Fox, MD
  • Sydney, Australia
    • Recruiting
    • Liverpool Hospital
    • Contact: Zinta Harrington, MD
  • Sydney, Australia
    • Recruiting
    • Paramatta Chest
    • Contact: Jin-Gun Cho, MD
• Canada
  • Alberta
    • Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T1Y 6H6
      • Recruiting
      • Calgary TB Clinic
      • Contact: Dina Fisher, MD
    • Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
      • Recruiting
      • Edmonton TB Clinic
      • Contact: Richard Long, MD
  • British Columbia
    • Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
      • Recruiting
      • British Columbia Centre for Disease Control
      • Contact: James Johnston, MD
  • Ontario
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5P 1N5
      • Recruiting
      • Toronto Western Hospital
      • Contact: Sarah Brode, MD
  • Quebec
    • Montréal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 0G4
      • Recruiting
      • McGill University Health Centre
      • Contact: Dick Menzies, MD
• South Africa
  • Stellenbosch, South Africa
    • Not yet recruiting
    • Desmond Tutu TB Center
    • Contact: Anneke Hesseling, MD
• United States
  • Colorado
    • Denver, Colorado, United States, 80204
      • Recruiting
      • Denver Health and Hospital Authority
      • Contact: Robert Belknap, MD
  • District of Columbia
    • Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20001
      • Recruiting
      • George Washington University
      • Contact: Afsoon Roberts, MD
    • Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20001
      • Recruiting
      • Washington DC VA Medical Center
      • Contact: Debra Benator, MD
  • New York
    • Manhattan, New York, United States, 10001
      • Recruiting
      • New York Harbor Healthcare System
      • Contact: Benjamin Wu, MD
    • New York, New York, United States, 11201
      • Recruiting
      • New York City Bureau of TB Control
      • Contact: Joseph Burzynski, MD
  • Texas
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78201
      • Recruiting
      • San Antonio VA
      • Contact: Jose Cadena, MD
  • Washington
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98101
      • Recruiting
      • Seattle King County Health Department
      • Contact: Masa Narita, MD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 12 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Males or non-pregnant, non-breastfeeding females > 12 years old. Women of child-bearing potential who are not surgically sterilized must agree to practice an adequate method of contraception (barrier method or non-hormonal intrauterine device) or abstain from heterosexual intercourse during study drug treatment.

• Persons with LTBI who do not have evidence of TB disease and are at increased risk of progression to TB. M. tuberculosis infection may be demonstrated by either a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) or a positive interferon gamma release assay (IGRA; e.g., QuantiFERON or T.SPOT.TB). Persons with LTBI at increased risk of progression to TB are those with one of the following:

  1. Household and other close contacts (> 4 hours of exposure in a one week period) within 2 years prior to enrollment, of persons with culture-confirmed TB A positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)/GeneXpert in the source case may be used for enrollment prior to culture confirmation
  2. Recent M. tuberculosis infection, defined as converting from a documented negative to positive TST or IGRA within 2 years prior to enrollment. Persons without known close contact to someone with active pulmonary TB who have a conversion by IGRA may require additional evaluation to rule out a false conversion.
  3. HIV co-infection (with CD4+ T-lymphocyte count > 100 cells/mm3).
  4. ≥ 2 cm2 of pulmonary parenchymal fibrosis on chest X-ray and no prior history of treatment for TB or LTBI.
  5. Recent (within 3 years prior to enrollment) immigration to the United States or other country with low to moderate TB incidence, with abnormal chest X-ray, and no evidence of active TB.
  6. Recent (within 2 years prior to enrollment) immigration to the United States or other country with low to moderate TB incidence, from a country with an estimated incidence rate of TB > 150 per 100,000
  7. An increased risk of TB due to medical conditions such as end-stage renal disease, or due to use of immunosuppressive medications such as chronic steroids or TNF-alpha inhibitors.
• Willing to provide signed informed consent, or parental permission and participant assent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current confirmed culture-positive or clinical TB.
• Suspected current TB. Includes cases in which active TB cannot be eliminated as a possibility (by the site investigator)
• TB resistant to any rifamycin in the source case
• A history of treatment for > 7 consecutive days with a rifamycin or > 30 consecutive days with INH within 2 years prior to enrollment.
• A documented history of completing an adequate course of treatment for TB disease or LTBI in a person who is HIV-seronegative.
• History of allergy or intolerance to rifamycins.
• Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; SGPT) or serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST; SGOT) > 5x upper limit of normal among persons in whom baseline ALT or AST is determined+.
• HIV-seropositive and on antiretroviral therapy that cannot be given with rifampin or rifapentine due to drug-drug interactions.
• Receiving concomitant medications that are known to be contraindicated with any study drug.
• Females who are currently pregnant, breastfeeding, or intend to become pregnant within 120 days of enrollment.
• Weight < 25 kg.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: 6 weeks of daily rifapentine (6wP); Rifapentine daily for 6 weeks: 600 mg of Rifapentine (RPT) given once daily for 6 weeks	Drug: Rifapentine daily for 6 weeks; 600 mg of Rifapentine (RPT) given once daily (o.d., omni die) for 6 weeks (6wP).; Other Names: priftin
Active Comparator: 12-16 week rifamycin-based regimen; A 12-16 week rifamycin-based regimen available at the participant's site: "Rifapentine and Isoniazid weekly for 12 weeks" (3HP) or "Rifampin and Isoniazid daily for 12 weeks" (3HR) or "Rifampin daily for 16 weeks" (4R)	Drug: Rifapentine and Isoniazid weekly for 12 weeks; Rifapentine (RPT) 900 mg and isoniazid (INH) 900 mg given once-weekly for 12 weeks (3HP).* *Dose adjustments based on patient's weight will be made according to ATS/CDC/IDSA guidelines. RPT 900 mg once-weekly for persons weighing > 50 kg. For persons weighing < 50 kg, the following doses will be given: weight > 25-32 kg - RPT 600 mg; weight > 32-50 kg - RPT 750 mg; + INH 15 mg/kg (round up to nearest 50 or 100 mg; 900 mg max).; Drug: Rifampin and Isoniazid daily for 12 weeks; Rifampin (RIF) 600 mg and Isoniazid (INH) 300 mg given once-daily for 12 weeks (3HR)*. *Dose adjustments based on patient's weight will be made according to ATS/CDC/IDSA guidelines. RIF 600 mg daily for persons weighing > 50 kg. For persons weighing < 50 kg, give 10 mg/kg daily; round up to nearest 50 or 100 mg; + INH 5 mg/kg daily (rounded up to nearest 50 or 100 mg; 300 mg max).; Drug: Rifampin daily for 16 weeks; Rifampin (RIF) 600 mg given once-daily for 16 weeks (4R).* *Dose adjustments based on patient's weight will be made according to ATS/CDC/IDSA guidelines. RIF 600 mg daily for persons weighing > 50 kg. For persons weighing < 50 kg, 10 mg/kg daily; round up to nearest 50 or 100 mg.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Culture-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) in participants 18 years old and older and culture-confirmed or clinical TB in participants less then 18 years old.	Effectiveness outcome. Culture-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) in participants 18 years old and older and culture-confirmed or clinical TB in participants less then 18 years old. Diagnosis of culture-confirmed TB will be performed using liquid and/or solid media methods.	within 24 months from the date of enrollment
Treatment discontinuation due to adverse drug reaction	Safety outcome. Drug discontinuation due to adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with experimental treatment (6wP) or active comparator treatment (the rifamycin-based 3HP, 3HR, or 4R). Attribution of an adverse event (AE) to study drugs will be initially determined by the local site investigator, reviewed by an independent, blinded adjudication panel and with final attribution determined by the sponsor.	from the date of enrollment to the date of scheduled completion of assigned treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Proportion who complete assigned treatment		from date of enrollment until the maximum accepted time for treatment completion as follows: 9 weeks for 6wP treatment, 16 weeks for 3HP, 16 weeks for 3HP, and 21 weeks for 4R
Proportion with drug discontinuation for any reason		from date of enrollment until the maximum accepted time for treatment completion as follows: 9 weeks for 6wP treatment, 16 weeks for 3HP, 16 weeks for 3HP, and 21 weeks for 4R
Proportion who have died for any reason		within 24 months from the date of enrollment
Proportion with culture-confirmed or clinical TB regardless of age		within 24 months from the date of enrollment
Proportion with TB among those who complete assigned therapy		within 24 months from the date of enrollment
Safety (defined as treatment discontinuation due to adverse drug reaction) among participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.	Proportion of HIV-infected patients with drug discontinuation due to adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with experimental treatment (6wP) or active comparator treatment (the rifamycin-based 3HP, 3HR, or 4R) . Attribution of an adverse event (AE) to study drugs will be determined by the local site investigator.	from date of enrollment until the maximum accepted time for treatment completion as follows: 9 weeks for 6wP treatment, 16 weeks for 3HP, 16 weeks for 3HP, and 21 weeks for 4R
Safety (defined as treatment discontinuation due to adverse drug reaction) among participants < 18 years old.	Proportion of participants < 18 years old with drug discontinuation due to adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with experimental treatment (6wP) or active comparator treatment (the rifamycin-based 3HP, 3HR, or 4R) . Attribution of an adverse event (AE) to study drugs will be determined by the local site investigator.	from date of enrollment until the maximum accepted time for treatment completion as follows: 9 weeks for 6wP treatment, 16 weeks for 3HP, 16 weeks for 3HP, and 21 weeks for 4R
Tolerability (defined as proportion of with drug discontinuation for any reason) among participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.	Proportion of HIV-infected patients with drug discontinuation for any reason	from date of enrollment until the maximum accepted time for treatment completion as follows: 9 weeks for 6wP treatment, 16 weeks for 3HP, 16 weeks for 3HP, and 21 weeks for 4R
Tolerability (defined as proportion of with drug discontinuation for any reason) among participants < 18 years old.	Proportion of participants < 18 years old with drug discontinuation for any reason	from date of enrollment until the maximum accepted time for treatment completion as follows: 9 weeks for 6wP treatment, 16 weeks for 3HP, 16 weeks for 3HP, and 21 weeks for 4R
Effectiveness among participants with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.	Proportion of HIV-infected patients with culture-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) in participants 18 years old and older and culture-confirmed or clinical TB in participants less then 18 years old. Diagnosis of culture-confirmed TB will be performed using liquid and/or solid media methods.	within 24 months from the date of enrollment
Effectiveness among participants < 18 years old.	Proportion of participants < 18 years old with culture-confirmed tuberculosis or clinical TB. Diagnosis of culture-confirmed TB will be performed using liquid and/or solid media methods.	within 24 months from the date of enrollment
Proportion with any grade 3, 4, or 5 (i.e., death) adverse event associated with study drug		within 6 months from the date of enrollment
Proportion with hepatitis and non-hepatotoxic systemic drug reactions		within 6 months from the date of enrollment

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Proportions of drug discontinuation due to adverse drug reactions in experimental (6wP) arm and each treatment regimen in the comparator arm: 3HP, 3HR, 4R		from date of enrollment until the maximum accepted time for treatment completion as follows: 9 weeks for 6wP treatment, 16 weeks for 3HP, 16 weeks for 3HP, and 21 weeks for 4R
Proportions of treatment discontinuations for any reason in experimental (6wP) arm and each treatment regimen in the comparator arm: 3HP, 3HR, 4R		from date of enrollment until the maximum accepted time for treatment completion as follows: 9 weeks for 6wP treatment, 16 weeks for 3HP, 16 weeks for 3HP, and 21 weeks for 4R
Effectiveness of experimental (6wP) arm and each treatment regimen in the comparator arm: 3HP, 3HR, 4R	Proportion of participants with culture-confirmed tuberculosis (TB) in participants 18 years old and older and culture-confirmed or clinical TB in participants less then 18 years old. Diagnosis of culture-confirmed TB will be performed using liquid and/or solid media methods.	within 24 months from the date of enrollment
Proportion with resistance to rifamycins or isoniazid among persons who develop TB to each regimen in the comparator arm: 3HP, 3HR, 4R.		within 24 months from the date of enrollment

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Collaborators: British Medical Research Council
• Investigators: Study Chair: Timothy Sterling, MD, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA; Study Chair: Robert Belknap, MD, Denver Public Health (USA); Study Director: Amber Robinson, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Study Director: Rosanna M Boyd, PhD, Centers for Disease Control (USA); Study Chair: Dick Menzies, MD, McGill University

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Tuberculosis Trials Consortium (TBTC)

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 1, 2028
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 1, 2028

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 8, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 15, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): March 22, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 12, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 10, 2023
• Last Verified: July 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: rifapentine; latent tuberculosis
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Infections; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Infections and Mycoses; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Actinomycetales Infections; Mycobacterium Infections; Latent Infection; Tuberculosis; Latent Tuberculosis; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Antimetabolites; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipid Regulating Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Leprostatic Agents; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers; Antitubercular Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Inducers; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inducers; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inducers; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inducers; Fatty Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Rifapentine; Rifampin; Isoniazid
• Other Study ID Numbers: CDC-NCHSTP-7024

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No