BarcelonaBeta Dementia Prevention Research Clinic: a Study on Risk Factors Disclosure

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and its prevalence is estimated to exceed 100 million affects by 2050, becoming the main public health problem worldwide. Classically, AD has been considered a clinicopathological entity characterized by a progressive cognitive decline with early memory impairment followed by other cognitive domains, and an underlying neuropathological pattern characterized by extracellular accumulation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in the form of neuritic plaques, intracellular deposits of tau protein in the form of neuritic strands and neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal and synaptic loss and glial proliferation. In this context, a "probable" AD diagnosis was based on determining the presence of dementia and ruling out other potential aetiologies while a definite one required confirmation by post-mortem examination. In the last 15 to 25 years, progress in imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers has enabled a change of the AD conceptualization from a clinical-pathological entity to a clinical-biological one. These new diagnostic criteria also divides the course of AD into 3 stages: (1) a preclinical phase, which would include persons with positive AD biomarkers and normal cognitive performance (the subjective perception of cognitive decline [SCD] is also part of this stage); (2) a phase of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), characterized by cognitive performance lower than expected by age and educational level; and (3) a dementia phase, once cognitive deficits interfere with the activities of daily living. This new conceptualization brings the opportunity of identifying the disease in very early symptomatic pre-dementia stages or even before symptoms appear, creating a window of opportunity for dementia prevention.

The lack of positive results in the different clinical trials performed to date in patients with AD dementia has redirected the focus of therapeutic strategies towards preventing the development of dementia. For this reason, a detailed characterization of risk factors is of vital importance for identifying the persons who could benefit from a possible preventive strategy, as well as the optimal moment to carry out the intervention. A recent effort by the Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care reported the relative risk for incident dementia of the main modifiable risk factors (low education in early life; hypertension, obesity, and hearing loss in midlife; smoking, depression, physical inactivity, social isolation, and diabetes in late life). In addition, the Framingham Heart Study has shown that age, marital status, BMI, stroke, diabetes, ischemic attacks, and cancer are independent predictors of event risk in the final multivariate model and were used to construct a risk algorithm. These set of risk factors associated with an increased risk of incident dementia can be coupled with well-known genetic risk factors such as APOE genotype and with the presence of very mild symptoms, like self-perception of cognitive decline to create individual estimates of risk for dementia, taking also into account the presence of cognitive decline or impairment.

The possibility of creating individual estimates of risk of dementia implies a personalised medicine approach and results in a change from the traditional diagnostic paradigm to a new one in which people at risk are attended in order to disclose risk factor estimates and offer them personalised solutions. This paradigm shift brings important consequences. On one hand, disclosing medical information may potentially generate emotional impact, psychological burden or harm. Although current experience with both disclosing APOE-e4 genetic status and amyloid status reveals that it is safe, one still needs to understand the potential risks and benefits of disclosing risk estimates for developing dementia. On the other hand, newly designed infrastructures that are focused in the assessment and follow-up of pre-dementia patients at high risk to develop dementia are needed, since they clearly represent a distinct population from the one attending dementia clinics. These "prevention infrastructures" would offer individual risk profiling accompanied by personalised risk reduction plans including, but not limited to, primary prevention advice and secondary prevention approaches (e.g. inclusion in prevention clinical trials).

With the ultimate aim of assessing and understanding the value of these "dementia prevention infrastructures", several research questions need to be beforehand addressed such as the following:

• Is disclosing risk factor estimates safe from the emotional and psychological point of view?
• Is there any benefits derived from the personalised plans received by subjects?
• Would the creation of Dementia Prevention Clinics be cost efficient? The BBRC-DevPrev-2018 study aims at answering the questions stated above.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Dementia; Alzheimer Disease; Mild Cognitive Impairment; Subjective Cognitive Decline
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Preventive strategies advice and dementia risk estimate disclosure

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 306
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Spain
  • Please Choose A State
    • Barcelona, Please Choose A State, Spain, 08005
      • BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 60 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Participants from 60 to 80 years old
2. Cognitively healthy persons with SCD as well as people with MCI.
3. Participation of a relative to inform on the participant subjective memory decline and on the clinical interview.
4. Understanding of the protocol and implication of risk factor disclosure
5. Willing to participate in this research study and undergo the study's tests and procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any significant systemic illness or unstable medical condition which could lead to difficulty complying with the protocol.
2. Any significant disorder that could course with cognitive impairment or subjective decline that is not related to AD.
3. Investigator's criteria: subjects that show any condition that could interfere in the proper execution of the study procedures and/or in their future permanence in the study.
4. Family history of monogenic AD.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intervention; Multimodal lifestyle-interventional. Participants are disclosed their 5-year dementia risk estimate	Procedure: Preventive strategies advice and dementia risk estimate disclosure; The BBRC-DemPrev-2018 study is a multimodal lifestyle-interventional, longitudinal, and prospective study of participants with a subjective perception of cognitive decline (SCD) or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Participants are disclosed their 5-year dementia risk estimate

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Risk/benefit of disclosing dementia risk with a PERSONALISED and INDIVIDUALISED approach	Risk/benefit of disclosing dementia risk with a PERSONALISED and INDIVIDUALISED approach. Dementia risk will be estimated by using a well-established algorithm that is adjusted for the level of cognitive impairment	1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Visser LNC, Minguillon C, Sanchez-Benavides G, Abramowicz M, Altomare D, Fauria K, Frisoni GB, Georges J, Ribaldi F, Scheltens P, van der Schaar J, Zwan M, van der Flier WM, Molinuevo JL. Dementia risk communication. A user manual for Brain Health Services-part 3 of 6. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2021 Oct 11;13(1):170. doi: 10.1186/s13195-021-00840-5.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 16, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 3, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): December 31, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 18, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 18, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): February 20, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 31, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 30, 2023
• Last Verified: September 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neurocognitive Disorders; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Tauopathies; Cognition Disorders; Dementia; Alzheimer Disease; Cognitive Dysfunction
• Other Study ID Numbers: BBRC-DemPrev-2018

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No