Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination

This randomized, controlled trial study was designed to examine the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) on social anxiety, perfectionism, and rumination among individuals diagnosed with social anxiety in Tehran, Iran.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Social Anxiety Disorder
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination

Detailed Description

A total of 52 individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) (68% female, mean age = 35.67) were allocated to a CBT group or to a control group. The intervention group was given one session of therapy per week over a duration of 8 weeks, while the control group did not receive any intervention and was placed on a waiting list. Self-reported social anxiety, perfectionism, and rumination were measured before the CBT intervention, after the intervention, and two months after the intervention for both groups.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 52
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: ADULT; OLDER_ADULT; CHILD
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants formally diagnosed with SAD by psychologists who determined the individual meet criteria outlined by the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

Exclusion Criteria:

• If participants report a history of psychiatric disorders within the past 12 months such as schizophrenia, dementia, depression, alcohol and other drug addiction.
• Participants could not partake if they were pregnant
• Participants enroll in another psychological treatment program.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: SINGLE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Intervention study; Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for social anxiety	Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination; Week one involved introducing CBT and assessing the negative effects of perfectionism, rumination, and social anxiety. Week two allowed participants to specify stressful social activities, stressful social situations, and enjoyable activities. Week three to week six allowed participants to identify automatic thoughts and thinking errors (for example, all or nothing thinking, self-criticism, dysfunctional schemas for self-evaluation, and unrealistic standards). Assignments were provided to participants with the content of exposure to anxiety evoking situations in the treatment sessions and at home. Achievable behavioural goals were set for participants in the treatment sessions and at home.
EXPERIMENTAL: Social anxiety	Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination; Week one involved introducing CBT and assessing the negative effects of perfectionism, rumination, and social anxiety. Week two allowed participants to specify stressful social activities, stressful social situations, and enjoyable activities. Week three to week six allowed participants to identify automatic thoughts and thinking errors (for example, all or nothing thinking, self-criticism, dysfunctional schemas for self-evaluation, and unrealistic standards). Assignments were provided to participants with the content of exposure to anxiety evoking situations in the treatment sessions and at home. Achievable behavioural goals were set for participants in the treatment sessions and at home.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change: Social anxiety	Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for measuring social anxiety. this scale comprises of fear or anxiety and avoidance and sub-scales are combine (summed) to compute total score. Total score ranging from 0 to 144, and An individual who gets a total score over 60 in this measure is considered to have social anxiety	a measure assessing change between three time points (pre-test, post-test (after two months), and follow-up test (after four months)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change: Rumination and Reflection	Rumination and Reflection Questionnair for measuring rumination and reflection: This scale comprises rumination and reflection. Each sub-scale comprises 12 items, and total scores ranged from 12 to 60. An individual who gets higher score is considered to have high rumination/ reflection.	a measure assessing change between three time points (pre-test, post-test (after two months), and follow-up test (after four months))

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change:Perfectionism	Almost Perfect Scale-Revised for measuring perfectionism: This scale comprises 23 items, but only 12 items associated to discrepancy (as a measure of maladaptive perfectionism or clinical perfectionism) are utilized in this study. Total scores ranged from 12 to 84 and higher score indicates higher level of perfectionism.	a measure assessing change between three time points (pre-test, post-test (after two months), and follow-up test (after four months)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Alzahra University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ANTICIPATED): December 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (ANTICIPATED): January 1, 2020
• Study Completion (ANTICIPATED): December 20, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 7, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 8, 2019
• First Posted (ACTUAL): May 13, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): May 13, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 8, 2019
• Last Verified: May 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Social Anxiety; Cognitive Behavioural Therapy; Rumination; Perfectionism
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Digestive System Diseases; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Phobic Disorders; Anxiety Disorders; Rumination Syndrome; Phobia, Social
• Other Study ID Numbers: Alzahra123456789

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No