Effects of Snack Types on Acute Glucose and Insulin Response

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of different type of snack consumption on postprandial satiety, glucose, insulin, antioxidant capacity and anxiety in healthy subjects.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Satiety
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Pretzels; Other: Brazil nuts; Other: Potato chips; Other: Mixed nuts; Other: White bread; Other: Dried mango; Other: Mango fruit

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 160
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Mee Young Hong; Phone Number: 6195942392; Email: mhong2@sdsu.edu

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • San Diego, California, United States, 92182-7251
      • Recruiting
      • School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, SDSU
      • Contact: Mee Young Hong; Phone Number: 619-594-2392; Email: mhong2@mail.sdsu.edu

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 55 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18-55 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

• Smoker
• Pregnant woman
• Required dietary supplement use
• Required medication of metabolic disorders
• Allergy to nuts or gluten (wheat)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

7

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Pretzels; Subjects consume pretzels to examine postprandial response	Other: Pretzels; To examine postprandial responses of pretzel consumption
Experimental: Brazil nuts; Subjects consume Brazil nuts to examine postprandial response	Other: Brazil nuts; To examine postprandial responses of Brazil nut consumption
Active Comparator: Potato chips; Subjects consume potato chips to examine postprandial response	Other: Potato chips; To examine postprandial responses of potato chip consumption
Experimental: Mixed nuts; Subjects consume mixed nuts to examine postprandial response	Other: Mixed nuts; To examine postprandial responses of mixed nut consumption
Active Comparator: White bread; Subjects consume white bread to examine postprandial response	Other: White bread; To examine postprandial responses of white bread consumption
Experimental: Dried mango; Subjects consume dried mango to examine postprandial response	Other: Dried mango; To examine postprandial responses of dried mango consumption
Experimental: Mango fruit; Subjects consume fresh mango to examine postprandial response	Other: Mango fruit; To examine postprandial responses of fresh mango consumption

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change of Satiety	Hunger feeling (appetite) will be examined using visual analog scale (0-10): 0 least and 10 greatest	0, 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post snack consumption
Change of glucose level	Blood will be collected by finger pricks and change of glucose level will be examined.	0 and 40 minutes post snack consumption
Change of insulin level	Blood will be collected by finger pricks and change of insulin level will be examined	0 and 40 minutes post snack consumption
Change of anxiety feeling	Anxiety feeling will examined using STAI (Spielberger Stasumte-Trait Anxiety Inventory) questionnaire (1-4): 1 least and 4 greatest, total summed score will be used.	0 and 40 minutes post snack consumption
Change of antioxidant level	Blood will be collected by finger pricks and change of antioxidant level will be examined	0 and 40 minutes post snack consumption

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: San Diego State University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Stamper C, Safadi S, Gehr A, Asuncion P, Hong MY. Effects of fresh vs dried mango consumption on satiety and postprandial glucose in healthy adults. Metabol Open. 2023 Jul 18;19:100253. doi: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100253. eCollection 2023 Sep.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 15, 2018
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 1, 2028
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 1, 2028

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 25, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 17, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): May 20, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 21, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 16, 2026
• Last Verified: January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mangifera indica extract
• Other Study ID Numbers: HS-2019-0094

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No