Effects of Mixed Nut Consumption on Satiety and Weight Management

January 16, 2026 updated by: San Diego State University
The first goal of the proposed study is to determine acute and long-term effects of mixed nuts (almonds, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, walnuts, and peanuts) on metabolic parameters and weight management. While numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of nuts on promoting negative energy balance and weight loss, mechanistic studies exploring how the inclusion of nuts in the diet promotes a negative energy balance and weight loss have not been conducted. The second goal is to determine the mechanisms by which mixed nut consumption regulates of food intake and body weight.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

56

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • San Diego, California, United States, 92182-7251
        • Recruiting
        • School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, SDSU
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 55 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 18-55 years old
  • BMI 27-40

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Smoker
  • Pregnant woman
  • Required dietary supplement use
  • Required medication of metabolic disorders
  • Allergy to nuts or gluten

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Pretzels
Other: Pretzels
Subjects consume 240 kcal of pretzels daily for 16 weeks.
Experimental: Mixed nuts
Other: Mixed nuts
Subjects consume 240 kcal of mixed nuts daily for 16 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change of Satiety
Time Frame: 0, 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post snack consumption
Hunger feeling (appetite) will be examined using visual analog scale (0-10): 0 least and 10 greatest
0, 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post snack consumption
Change of glucose level
Time Frame: Baseline, 40 minutes post snack consumption, and 8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption
Glucose level will be examined using glucose analysis
Baseline, 40 minutes post snack consumption, and 8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption
Change of insulin level
Time Frame: Baseline, 40 minutes post snack consumption, and 8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption
Insulin level will be examined using an ELISA biochemical method
Baseline, 40 minutes post snack consumption, and 8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption
Change of cholesterol levels
Time Frame: 8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption
Cholesterol levels will be examined using a biochemical method
8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption
Change of Lp(a)
Time Frame: 8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption
Lp(a) levels will be examined using an ELISA biochemical method
8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change of microbiome
Time Frame: 8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption
Diversity of microbiome will be analyzed in fecal samples
8 weeks and 16 weeks post daily consumption

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

San Diego State University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

December 1, 2016

Primary Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2028

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

December 11, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 14, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

December 18, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 21, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 16, 2026

Last Verified

January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2515098

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Satiety

Clinical Trials on Pretzels

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Zambia

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

Subscribe