- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04194450
Exogenous Ketones in Type 2 Diabetes
March 14, 2023 updated by: Jonathan Little, University of British Columbia
The Effect of Acute Exogenous Oral Ketone Supplementation on Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetes
Exogenous ketone supplements are proposed to have glucose-lowering potential, provide an alternative fuel for the brain and to enhance cognitive function.
No studies have tested whether exogenous ketones can lower blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes.
In addition, the impact of exogenous ketones on brain blood flow, cognitive function or brain-derived neurotrophic factor in humans is unknown.
The purpose of this study is to determine if acutely ingesting exogenous ketones, in the form of a ketone monoester drink, can lower glucose and improve measures of brain/cognitive function in humans with type 2 diabetes.
Participants will consume a ketone monoester drink or placebo with blood samples, brain blood flow, and cognitive function assessed over 180 minutes.
The researchers will also test how the ketone monoester drink impacts appetite and measures of inflammation.
Study Overview
Status
Completed
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Study Type
Interventional
Enrollment (Actual)
19
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.
Study Locations
-
-
British Columbia
-
Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada, V1V 1V7
- University of British Columbia, Okanagan
-
-
Participation Criteria
Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
20 years to 69 years (Adult, Older Adult)
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes of ≥1 year
- current hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) of 6.5-8.0%
- treatment with lifestyle or stable (≥3 months) oral glucose-lowering medications
- blood pressure of <160/99 mm Hg assessed according to guidelines
- non-smoking
- no prior history of cardiovascular disease or stroke
- not on hormone replacement therapy, corticosteroids, or anti-inflammatory medications
- 20-75 years old
Exclusion Criteria:
- being a competitive endurance athlete
- taking exogenous insulin or sodium glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors
- following a ketogenic diet, low-calorie diet, periodic fasting regimen, or consume ketogenic supplements
- being unable to travel to and from the university
- being unable to follow the controlled diet instructions
- being pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study (if female)
- disorders of fat metabolism, chronic pancreatitis, had gastric bypass surgery and/or gallbladder disease
- being unable to read or communicate in English
Study Plan
This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Basic Science
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
- Masking: Triple
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Ketone monoester
Acute dose of (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (0.3 g/kg body weight)
|
Acute ingestion of (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate prior to assessment of outcomes.
|
Placebo Comparator: Placebo
Acute dose of flavour-matched placebo.
|
Acute ingestion of taste-matched placebo prior to assessment of outcomes.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Plasma Glucose
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Plasma glucose concentration after ketone or placebo ingestion
|
180 minutes
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Plasma C-peptide
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
C-peptide across concentration after ketone or placebo ingestion
|
180 minutes
|
Plasma Insulin
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Insulin across concentration after ketone or placebo ingestion
|
180 minutes
|
Plasma Free Fatty Acids
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Non-esterified fatty acid concentration after ketone or placebo ingestion
|
180 minutes
|
Plasma Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Plasma tumour necrosis factor alpha concentration after ketone or placebo ingestion
|
180 minutes
|
Plasma Tumour Interleukin-1beta
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Plasma tumour interleukin-1beta concentration after ketone or placebo ingestion
|
180 minutes
|
Plasma Tumour Interleukin-6
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Plasma tumour interleukin-6 concentration after ketone or placebo ingestion
|
180 minutes
|
Cerebral Blood Flow
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Intracranial blood flow velocity measured by ultrasound
|
180 minutes
|
Blood Pressure
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Blood pressure measured manually and by Finipres
|
180 minutes
|
Cognitive Function
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Measures of cognitive function using Brain Baseline battery on an iPad.
|
180 minutes
|
Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations after ketone or placebo ingestion
|
180 minutes
|
Blood Monocytes
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Total blood monocytes and monocyte subsets after ketone or placebo ingestion
|
180 minutes
|
Self Reported Hunger and Fullness
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Self reported hunger and fullness by a 0 to 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (higher scores mean greater hunger or fullness)
|
180 minutes
|
Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Gastrointestinal symptom questionnaire scores after ketone or placebo ingestion on a 0 to 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (higher scores mean greater symptoms)
|
180 minutes
|
Total Energy Consumed
Time Frame: 180 minutes after ketone or placebo ingestion
|
Total energy consumed in kilocalories in buffet style meal after ketone or placebo ingestion
|
180 minutes after ketone or placebo ingestion
|
Monocyte Histone Acetylation
Time Frame: 180 minutes
|
Histone acetylation status of monocytes measured after ketone or placebo ingestion
|
180 minutes
|
Collaborators and Investigators
This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.
Sponsor
Study record dates
These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
January 15, 2020
Primary Completion (Actual)
May 20, 2022
Study Completion (Actual)
May 20, 2022
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
December 9, 2019
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
December 9, 2019
First Posted (Actual)
December 11, 2019
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Estimated)
December 11, 2023
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
March 14, 2023
Last Verified
July 1, 2022
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- H19-02947
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
NO
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
No
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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