Marginal Bone Level Around Implants With Definitive Abutments

January 13, 2020 updated by: Jose Nart Molina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya

Marginal Bone Levels Around Implants With Definitive Abutments Of One and Three Millimeters: A One Year Of Follow Up Randomized Clinical Trial

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the peri-implant crestal bone level around implants placed 1.5 mm subcrestally, with a 1 mm or 3 mm definitive abutment height at the time of implant placement after 1 year. Patients were selected from the Department of Periodontology at Universitat Internacional de Catalunya. X-rays were taken at the time of implant placement, 8-12 weeks after placement, after screwing the provisional rehabilitation and at 12 months. An examiner indicated the crestal marginal bone level, the marginal bone level of the implant, and the marginal bone level of the abutment . The examiner, independent to the study, carried out the radiographic analysis using the Image J software on periapical radiographs.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the peri-implant crestal bone level around implants placed 1.5 mm subcrestally with PS and a 1 mm or 3 mm definitive AH at the time of implant placement after 1 year.

  1. Study design

    This randomized controlled prospective study was carried out after its acceptance by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee with code number PER-ECL-2015-05, at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC-Barcelona).

  2. Study population and selection criteria

    Patients were selected from the Department of Periodontology at Universitat Internacional de Catalunya. Once signed the informed consent, patients were screened following inclusion criteria.

  3. Randomization

    The randomization between the groups (Group A/Group B) was performed using OxMaR system (Oxford Minimization and Randomization) to determine the use of a 1 mm (Group A) or 3 mm (Group B) height abutments. The surgeon was unaware of the abutment height until after the insertion of the implant.

  4. Surgical and prosthetic treatment protocol Dental implants were placed by second and third year students of the Postgraduate Program in Periodontology at UIC-Barcelona, supervised by two experienced professors (MM, MA). Vega® implant, Klockner, several lengths (8, 10, 12 mm) and diameters (3.5, 4.0, 4.5 mm) were used depending on bone availability. The rehabilitation was carried out by students of the Postgraduate program of Esthetic and Prosthetic Dentistry at UIC-Barcelona, using the permanent prosthetic abutments with two different heights (1 or 3 mm) placed the day of surgery. The screwed-retained rehabilitations to the Permanent® abutment were single crowns or partial restorations (maximum of 3 crowns), both performed with CAD-CAM technology. Temporary restorations were placed between 2 to 4 months after surgery, for 4 weeks, before the placement of the definitive ones.

    Treatment sequence:

    • Preparation and implant surgery: a radiologic guide on a CBCT scan, and a standardized periapical radiograph were made for every patient. Pre-surgical instructions and medication such as antibiotic prophylaxis was made with 500 mg Amoxicillin every 8 h starting 1 hour prior to surgery, and 500mg/8h for 7 days. In allergic patients, Clindamycin 300 mg every 8 h, starting 1 day previously was used, and 300mg/8h/7days. The KM thickness was assessed before raising the mucoperiosteal flap. The placement of the implant was done following the manufacturing protocol and using a surgical guide according to the radiological guide previously used. IAll implants were placed 1.5 mm subcrestally from the most apical area of the crest, using a periodontal probe. At this time, the Permanent® abutment of 1 or 3 mm was chosen randomly and was placed at 35 Ncm. Postoperative anti-inflammatory medication (ibuprofen 600 mg, 1 tablet / 8 h / if pain) and 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse (2 times / day / 7 days) were advised. A standardized periapical radiograph was performed immediately after the implant placement. The amount of Keratinized gingiva (KG) was recorded and also the stability values of the implant by using the Penguin® device (RFA values) to the implant and on the Permanent abutment.
    • Prosthetic treatment: After 10 weeks up to 4 months, impressions were taken with fluid and heavy silicone (Zhermack® elite HD +) to make the provisional prosthesis, as long as the RFA values were greater than 65 ISQ. At the time of the temporary resin prosthesis placement, all the following clinical parameters (PD, mPI, mSBI, KG, BG, S, POI) were recorded and a periapical radiograph also taken. The definitive prosthesis was performed 4 weeks after the placement of the provisional. Records of clinical measures (BG, MT, mPII, mSBI, PD, KM) and periapical X-ray (periapical). clinical follow-up (MT, mPII, mSBI, PD), radiographic (periapical and orthopantomography) and RFA were evaluated 12 months later.
  5. Radiographic evaluation X-rays were taken at the time of implant placement, 8-12 weeks after placement, after screwing the provisional rehabilitation and at 12 months. Radiographs were standardized by using an individualized radiographic stent for each patient, thus ensuring a parallel technique. (Figure 1 and 2) MBL measurements were performed by one examiner who recorded on each radiograph mesially and distally, the most coronal part of the bone crest (C), the position of the implant shoulder (H), and the level of the first peri-implant bone contact with the implant (Fi ) or abutment (Fa). Then, the examiner measured the distance in millimeters of H-C, which defined the crestal marginal bone level (MBLc), while the shoulder distance of Fi was the marginal bone level of the implant (MBLi). When the first contact was located in the abutment, the distance H and Fa was recorded as the marginal bone level of the abutment (MBLa). The distance MBLc was considered positive if the mark C was coronal to H, negative if C was apical, and zero if Fi and H coincided (Figure 3). The changes in MBLc (CMBLc) were registered at 12 months with respect to the baseline. Changes in MBLc, MBLi or MBLa (CMBLc, CMBLi, CMBLa) were measured in the same time period at 12 months.
  6. Calibration The examiner, independent to the study, carried out the radiographic analysis using the Image J software (Java image processing program by Wayne Rasband; National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA) on periapical radiographs, with a x7 magnification. Previously, the examiner was calibrated 3 times separately, with an interval of 72 hours, making measurements at 10 radiographs to determine the intraoperator reproducibility. The aim was to obtain an intraclass coefficient of 0.99 (P <.05) as the intraoperator reliability coefficient.
  7. Stability evaluation The resonance frequency analysis, RFA was recorded with the Penguin® system (Integration Diagnostics Sweden) at the time of implant placement, 10-12weeks and 1year.
  8. Sample size Accepting an alpha risk of 0.05 and a beta risk of less than 0.2 in a bilateral contrast, 28 subjects were required in each group to detect a difference equal to or greater than 0.5mm. It was assumed that the standard deviation (SD) was 0.59 and a possible drop-out of 20% was estimated.
  9. Statistical analysis Analysis was performed at implant level. In order to describe the qualitative variables, absolute frequencies and percentages were used. The description of quantitative variables was performed using the mean and SD. Normal distribution of each parameter was assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test, and as data did not follow a normal distribution a Wilcoxon test was used to compare interproximal MBLs between baseline and 12 months follow-up, and Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare interproximal MBL changes between treatment groups. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The statistical package SPSS 22.0 (IBM, SPSS, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for the statistical analysis.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

69

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Spain
      • Barcelona, Spain, 08195
        • Universitat Internacional de Catalunya

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male or female ≥18 years old;
  • Controlled ASA1 or ASA2 patient;
  • Healthy periodontium or with controlled periodontal disease;
  • Need for rehabilitation with implants in partially posterior edentulous sextants;
  • Full Mouth Plaque Score (FMPS) less than 20% at the time of surgery;

  • Collaborating patients.

    • According to the implant location:
  • Healed posterior sites, with a minimum of 2 months post-extraction;
  • Ridge width of 7 mm or more and of 10 mm of height to the mandibular nerve and 8 mm to the maxillary sinus;
  • Minimum keratinized mucosa (KM) width of 4 mm;
  • Antagonist dentition having a fixed restoration or natural teeth, (5) restorative space greater than 5 mm.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with endocrine, immunological or metabolic alterations;
  • Pregnancy, allergy to any metallic component of the implant;
  • Drug consumption or alcoholism;
  • Tobacco ≥10 cig/d and

  • Severe bruxism and TMJ pathology.

    • According to the implant location:
  • Require regeneration techniques;
  • Width of KM less than 2 mm at any implant site;
  • Infections in the treatment area;
  • Absence of implant primary stability and
  • Being unable to perform prosthetically guided screw-retained restorations.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: A: Abutments of 1 mm
Definitive abutments of 1 mm height were located.
Device: Inmediate abutment height
The placement of the implant was done following the manufacturing protocol and using a surgical guide according to the radiological guide previously used. At this time, the Permanent® abutment of 1 or 3 mm was chosen randomly and was placed at 35 Ncm.
Experimental: B: Abutments of 3 mm
Definitive abutments of 3 mm height were located.
Device: Inmediate abutment height
The placement of the implant was done following the manufacturing protocol and using a surgical guide according to the radiological guide previously used. At this time, the Permanent® abutment of 1 or 3 mm was chosen randomly and was placed at 35 Ncm.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change from Baseline Bone Loss, at 8-12 weeks and 1 year.
Time Frame: baseline, 8-12 weeks and 1 year
X-rays were taken at the time of implant placement, 8-12 weeks after placement, after screwing the provisional rehabilitation and at 12 months.
baseline, 8-12 weeks and 1 year
Mucosal thickness (MT)
Time Frame: baseline
Mucosal thickness (MT) before placement of the implant using a PCP-UNC15 periodontal probe. This measure will be compared with the abutment high and bone loss at 1 year.
baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change from Baseline the resonance frequency analysis at 8-12 weeks and 1 year.
Time Frame: baseline, 8-12 weeks and 1 year
RFA was recorded with the Penguin® system at the time of implant placement, 8-12weeks and 1 year later.
baseline, 8-12 weeks and 1 year
Plaque index at 1 year
Time Frame: 1 year
Plaque index (mPII, modified plate index, Mombelli et al., 1987)
1 year
Bleeding on probing at 1 year
Time Frame: 1 year
Presence of bleeding on probing (mSBI, Modified bleeding index, Mombelli et al., 1987)
1 year
Probing depth at 1 year
Time Frame: 1 year
Probing depth (PD) (6 locations MV / V / DV / MP / P / DP): with a periodontal probe PCP-UNC15;
1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Universitat Internacional de Catalunya

Investigators

  • Study Director: Jose Nart, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 1, 2017

Primary Completion (Actual)

July 1, 2018

Study Completion (Actual)

July 1, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 18, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 13, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

January 18, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 18, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 13, 2020

Last Verified

January 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • PER-ECL-2015-05

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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