Surveillance of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Cameroonian Garrison

Purpose: The objective of our study was to assess the cardiovascular risk of a Cameroonian military population and compare it to the cardiovascular risk of the neighboring civilian population.

Patients and methods: We will conduct a cross-sectional study that involved subjects aged from 18 to 58 years, recruited from October 2017 to November 2018 at the Fifth Military Sector Health Center in Ngaoundéré. Data collection and assessment was done according to World Health Organization STEPS manual for surveillance of risk factors of Non-communicable chronic diseases; and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Five cardiovascular risk factors were assessed, smoking, harmful alcohol consumption, obesity/overweight, hypertension and diabetes. Cardiovascular risk was considered high in subjects with three or more cardiovascular risk factors. Univariates analysis and multivariate logistic regression were carried out according to their indications.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Cardiovascular Risk Factor
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: STEPS and AUDIT questionnaires

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 566

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 58 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The subjects of our study were recruited according to two methods at the Military Medical Center of Sector N°5 in Ngaoundere.

Participation in the study was proposed to any soldier who attended the Military Medical Center of Sector N°5 for the annual re-engagement medical visit during the period from January 1, 2017 to November 13, 2018.

The civilian populations were recruited from two free cardiovascular risk factors screening campaigns carried out from January 04, 2017 to January 10, 2017 and from November 12, 2018 to November 18, 2018. These campaigns were open to soldiers wishing to participate.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• agree to participate,
• had to be aged between 18 and 58 years old,
• representing ages of enrollment and retirement for Cameroonian soldiers respectively.

Exclusion Criteria:

-

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Soldiers; any soldier who attended the Military Medical Center of Sector N°5 for the annual re-engagement medical visit during the period from January 1, 2017 to November 13, 2018.	Diagnostic test: STEPS and AUDIT questionnaires; assessment was done according to World Health Organization STEPS manual for surveillance of risk factors of Non-communicable chronic diseases; and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Five cardiovascular risk factors were assessed, smoking, harmful alcohol consumption, obesity/overweight, hypertension and diabetes. Cardiovascular risk was considered high in subjects with three or more cardiovascular risk factors.
Civilians; The civilian populations were recruited from two free cardiovascular risk factors screening campaigns carried out from January 04, 2017 to January 10, 2017 and from November 12, 2018 to November 18, 2018	Diagnostic test: STEPS and AUDIT questionnaires; assessment was done according to World Health Organization STEPS manual for surveillance of risk factors of Non-communicable chronic diseases; and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Five cardiovascular risk factors were assessed, smoking, harmful alcohol consumption, obesity/overweight, hypertension and diabetes. Cardiovascular risk was considered high in subjects with three or more cardiovascular risk factors.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Cardiovascular risk factor	evaluated by summing the participant's cardiovascular risk factors. The cardiovascular risk factors used for the cardiovascular risk assessment were smoking, excessive alcohol consumption (defined by an AUDIT score ≥ 8), overweight or obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. The cardiovascular risk was considered high if the subject had a combination of at least 3 cardiovascular risk factors.	At inclusion

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Smoking	answering "yes" to the question do you smoke?	At inclusion
Alcoholism	answering "yes" to the question do you consume alcohol?	At inclusion
Body mass index	3 modalities was defined according to BMI. Underweight (BMI < 18.5 Kg/m2), normal weight (18 ≤ BMI < 25 Kg/m²), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 Kg/m²), obesity (BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m²).	At inclusion
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or taking a hypotensive treatment.	At inclusion
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg or taking a hypotensive treatment.	At inclusion
Glycaemia (mmol/L)	Fasting blood glucose ≥ 7 mmol/l or taking a hypoglycemic treatment	At inclusion

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Support and Education Technic Centre

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bell Ngan W, Essama Eno Belinga L, Essam Nlo'o ASP, Roche F, Goethals L, Mandengue SH, Bongue B. Surveillance of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Fifth Military Sector Health Center, Ngaoundere, Cameroon: Observational Study. JMIR Form Res. 2020 Nov 26;4(11):e18567. doi: 10.2196/18567.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 12, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): November 13, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 12, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 18, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): March 19, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 19, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 18, 2020
• Last Verified: March 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: cardiovascular risk; cardiovascular diseases; prevention; soldiers; non-communicable disease
• Other Study ID Numbers: UJM_UDD_01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No