A Comparison of 3D and 2D Telemedicine During Covid 19

A Comparison of 3D and 2D Telemedicine: Communication During Covid 19

It is critical to establish an effective form of telemedicine during the Covid 19 pandemic, that will allow safe social distancing of clinicians and patients. The investigators serve as the regional plastic, burns and reconstructive centre for the West of Scotland, population 3 million. All face to face clinics have been cancelled and converted to telephone/telemedicine only consultations. The investigators will establish both 2D and 3D telemedicine as normal patient follow up practice during this period.

The aim is to implement a 3D telemedicine system to facilitate patient follow up and remote physiotherapy, that will act as if the patient is physically 'present' in the room. Physiotherapy is crucial to patient outcomes after burns contractures, hand trauma and cancer reconstruction. The 3D telemedicine system will be built by an industrial partner, with CE marked equipment, specifically to help during the Covid-19 Pandemic.

This study forms a follow on study to the investigator's pilot study (based on clinical feedback only)

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Telehealth
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: 3D Telemedicine; Other: 2D Telemedicine

Detailed Description

During Covid pandemic the Canniesburn Plastic Surgery Unit has stopped face to face clinics. The investigators therefore aim to assess current telemedicine options from a clinician viewpoint.

Why is the 3D telemedicine study important during Covid 19?

1. Augment not replace current telemedicine capabilities. 3D telemedicine system would be transformative - much of Plastic Surgery work is 3 dimensional e.g. burns contractures, cleft lip. A 3D system may therefore give clinicians a more 'realistic' and accurate representation of patient interaction.
2. Reduce viral load in clinic. This will reduce face to face contact. High viral load transmission (eg in the confines of an all day clinic) may be associated with higher risk of healthcare worker mortality.
3. Facilitate remote therapies and improve patient outcomes. Current 2D telemedicine (e.g. Attend Anywhere) is limited in the ability to remotely guide patient therapies - the therapist cannot guide the camera or look at specific areas of interest. With 3D telemedicine the therapist can 'walk around' the patient as if the patient were co-present, and look at areas of interest with ease.
4. Measurements of angles/other clinical measurements. For example, after a burns contracture or hand trauma a clinician may want to measure the angles at the wrist joint to see if there is any improvement. This cannot be done accurately with 2D telemedicine. 3D telemedicine may facilitate the measurement of angles and assess outcomes but this is unknown.

Method Randomised Controlled Trial. Single blinded (participants blinded - unaware of type of telemedicine, clinicians unblinded - aware of type of telemedicine)

Study setting and Participants:

The study will review clinician's assessments of telemedicine and clinical assessment of patients using telemedicine. These will consist of the plastic surgery patients selected from general plastic surgery clinic including patients with breast reconstruction, sarcoma, limb reconstruction, head & neck reconstruction, flap reconstruction, hand trauma and cleft lip, and will be known to the research team. The assessment is of the telemedicine system by the clinician only. There will be two sites, the 'remote' site where the patient attends, and the 'central' site where the clinician reviews the patient. Remote site will be at West Glasgow Ambulatory Care Hospital (Covid free site) and the central location will be Glasgow Royal Infirmary.

Outcomes The investigators aim to answer the question "How does 3D telemedicine compare to 2D telemedicine?"

Primary outcomes:

Mental Effort Rating Scale, University Hospital of North Norway (UNN) scales, Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ)

Secondary outcomes:

Subjective feedback with transcribing, coding and thematic analysis. Measurements (where applicable e.g. angles of contracture in hand) Outcome scoring scales (where applicable e.g. validated Unilateral Cleft Score Surgical Outcomes Evaluation Scale - UCLSOE).

Study Methods:

Sample Size The pilot/feasibility study will generate data for sample size calculation. No data exist for sample size calculations of 3D versus 2D telemedicine.

Randomisation Block randomisation. Patient randomised to 2D or 3D telemedicine first.

Patient assessment with Telemedicine The patient is examined with the randomly allocated type of telemedicine and the duration of consultation recorded. The telemedicine room is the same for both 2D and 3D telemedicine, and uses the same equipment. After the consultation the patient does not require further participation

Clinician Feedback The clinician fills in a questionnaire assessment of the type of telemedicine used.

Clinician records measurements where applicable Clinician records outcome scoring scales where applicable

Primary outcomes UNN questionnaire Mental Effort Rating Scale

Secondary outcomes Telehealth Usability Questionnaire Subjective interview Patient measurements (where applicable) Patient outcome scales (where applicable)

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 80
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Steven Lo, FRCS Plast; Phone Number: 01412114475; Email: steven.lo@nhs.net
• Study Contact Backup: Name: David McGill, FRCS Plast; Phone Number: 01412114000; Email: david.mcgill@ggc.scot.nhs.uk

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Scotland
    • Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom, G4 0SF
      • Canniesburn Regional Plastic Surgery and Burns Unit

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 1 year to 95 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT, CHILD)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Breast reconstruction patients pre and post op
• Sarcoma patients pre and post op
• Burns patients pre and post op
• Cleft lip patients pre and post op
• Head & neck reconstruction patients pre and post op
• Hand trauma patients pre and post op
• Flap reconstruction patients pre and post op.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Adults unable to consent
• Patients requiring interpreter.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: OTHER
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: CROSSOVER
• Masking: TRIPLE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: 3D telemedicine; 3D telemedicine system	Other: 3D Telemedicine; Telemedicine using 3D broadcast to clinician; Other Names: Telepresence
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: 2D telemedicine; 2D telemedicine system (standard care)	Other: 2D Telemedicine; Standard care with 2D telemedicine; Other Names: Standard Care

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
University Hospitals of North Northway questionnaire	University Hospitals of North Northway questionnaire. Outcome scale with a sum score 1 to 5 Higher score is worse	Single time point at day 1 (Clinician assesses telemedicine system once after seeing patient)
Mental effort rating scale	Scale 1 to 9 Higher score is worse	Single time point at day 1(Clinician assesses telemedicine system once after seeing patient)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Telehealth Usability Questionnaire	Telehealth Usability Questionnaire. 21 domains, each with scale 1 to 7. Higher is better.	Single time point at day 1 (Clinician assesses telemedicine system once after seeing patient)
Subjective feedback interview	Clinician Subjective feedback. This is an interview performed by a psychologist and will be transcribed, coded and thematically analysed. There is no statistical analysis or outcome scale involved.	Once at study completion, an average of 18 months.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde
• Collaborators: University of Strathclyde; Glasgow Royal Infirmary
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Steven Lo, FRCS Plast, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Clinical Research and Development Central Office

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ANTICIPATED): September 30, 2021
• Primary Completion (ANTICIPATED): December 31, 2021
• Study Completion (ANTICIPATED): December 31, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 16, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 20, 2020
• First Posted (ACTUAL): April 24, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): June 8, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 4, 2021
• Last Verified: June 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: GN20HS182

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No