The Effect of Kinesio Taping and Breathing Exercises on Pain Management

May 28, 2020 updated by: Sakine Yılmaz, Çankırı Karatekin University

The Effect of Kinesio Taping and Breathing Exercises on Pain Management Applied After Benign Gynecological Abdominal Operation: A Randomized Controlled Study

A randomised clinical trial in a single centre.The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of kinesio taping and breathing exercises on pain management applied after benign gynecological abdominal operations. A total of 132 women, divided into 4 groups of 33 subjects each, were included.Women underwent gynecological abdominal operation were assigned to the groups randomly, depending on the application of two different methods of kinesio taping and breathing exercise.In randomization, a table of numbers was created, and an equal number of women were assigned to groups with four block patterns. Using kinesio taping and breathing exercise, 33 women were included in kinesio taping group (1st Group), 33 in breathing exercise group (2nd Group), and 33 in kinesio taping + breathing exercise group (3rd Group). No intervention was applied to the women in the control group (4th Group). Pain levels of women were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after administration of the interventions.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of kinesio taping and breathing exercises on pain management applied after benign gynecological abdominal operations.

Design-Setting: This was an experimental, randomized controlled trial. This study was conducted at the Gynecology Service of Oncology Training and Research Hospital.

Participants: A total of 132 women, divided into 4 groups of 33 subjects each, were included.

Methods: The sampling size was calculated with G*Power Ver.3.1.9.2 computer software. A total of 132 women, 33 of whom were in kinesio taping group, 33 in breathing exercise group, 33 in kinesio taping + breathing exercise group, and 33 in the control group, who matched the sampling selection criteria, were included in the study. In randomization, a table of numbers was created, and an equal number of women were assigned to groups with four block patterns. Women underwent gynecological abdominal operation were assigned to the groups randomly, depending on the application of two different methods of kinesio taping and breathing exercise. No intervention was applied to the women in the control group.

The personal information form was filled for each individual, who agreed to participate in the study, before the procedure.

Outcome Measures Pain scores of the women in all groups before, and after the procedure were evaluated by the researcher independent from each other using Visual Analog Scale (VAS).

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

132

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
    • Center
      • Çankırı, Center, Turkey, 18200
        • Çankırı Karatekin Univesity

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Description

Inclusion criteria

  • Women, had an abdominal operation with pfannenstiel incision due to gynecological benign changes,
  • At least 18 years of age,
  • Without any dermatological disease,
  • Without migraines or similar chronic pain,
  • Without any intestinal problem,
  • Without mental disability and communication difficulties were included in the study.

Exclusion criteria

  • Women, had abdominal operation due to gynecological benign changes but with a median incision,
  • Had active cellulite or any other dermatological problems,
  • Had deep vein thrombosis, open wounds or skin irritation, and previously had intestinal problems were excluded from the study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: SINGLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Kinesio Taping
Kinesio taping is thought to remove the barriers that slow the healing process, activate neurological suppression and reduce pain (El-Refayea, El Nahasa & Ghareebb, 2016; Kamali, Sinaei & Taherkhan, 2018). Kinesio tape stimulates cutaneous mechanoreceptors. Mechanoreceptors decrease sympathetic nervous system activity and increase parasympathetic activity, which can improve intestinal control (Azam, 2017; Szczegielniak, Krajczy, Bogacz, Luniewski & Sliwinski, 2007). Kinesio taping changes skin contours and accelerates blood flow. Increased blood flow brings more oxygen and nutrients to the area. This phenomenon contributes to the natural healing process (Kafa et al., 2015).
Other: Kinesio Taping
In the study, kinesio taping method was applied immediately after the surgical operation. The tape was applied on one centimeter above and one centimeter below the incision site with a 25% tension in web cutting technique (Figure 1.). In order to facilitate gas passing and defecation, the tape was applied around the navel in the Y shape with a 25% tension (Figure 2). No tension was applied to the starting and ending points of the tape. Pain level was evaluated with VAS before and after 45 minutes of tape application. Pain level was evaluated by VAS on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd postoperative day. Kinesio tape remained on women for 72 hours.
EXPERIMENTAL: Breathing Exercise
Breathing exercise is accepted as a key to relaxation or cooling down (El-Refayea et al., 2016). It is stated that breathing exercises reduce anxiety by preventing the transmission of pain messages to the spinal cord (Rejeh et al., 2013), reducing the catecholamine response (Rakel & Herr, 2004) and muscle tension by distracting subjects (Kelle, Güzel & Sakallı, 2016).
Other: Breathing Exercise
Before the surgery, researchers informed the women about the purpose and benefits of breathing exercises and showed the how to perform them. Breathing exercises were performed 3 times a day for 30 minutes on the first, second and third days. 15 minutes of exercises were done while sitting and in a comfortable position and 15 minutes while mobilizing. Pain levels of women were evaluated with VAS before and after 30 minutes of breathing exercises.
EXPERIMENTAL: Kinesio Taping and Breathing Exercise
According to the application protocols, two applications were made together.
Other: Kinesio Taping+Breathing Exercise
In the study, kinesio taping method was applied immediately after the surgical operation. . Pain level was evaluated with VAS before and after 45 minutes of tape application.Breathing exercises were performed 3 times a day for 30 minutes on the first, second and third days. 15 minutes of exercises were done while sitting and in a comfortable position and 15 minutes while mobilizing. Pain levels of women were evaluated with VAS before and after 30 minutes of breathing exercises.
OTHER: Control Group
No intervention was performed to reduce pain in the control group.
Other: Control Group
No intervention was performed to reduce pain in the control group.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Time Frame: 11 MONTHS
VAS, developed by Freyd, is a scale consisting of 100-millimeter lines and used in the assessment of pain (Yaray, Akesen, Ocakolu & Aydınlı, 2011). For pain assessment using VAS, "no pain" on one end, "worst possible pain" is written on the other end of the scale and the individual shows or marks their current situation on the 100-millimeter line (Jensen, Chen, Brugger, 2003).
11 MONTHS
Postoperative follow-up form
Time Frame: 11 MONTHS
Postoperative follow-up form in the study were developed by the researcher in line with the literature, and expert opinion was obtained (Gürşen, İnanoğlu, Kaya, Akbayrak & Baltacı, 2016; Hadi & Akbar Haind, 2011; Sahai Sharma, Yadav & Bindal, 2015; Stanirowski, Wunk, Cendrowski & Sawick, 2015). The postoperative follow-up form contains questions regarding the planned interventions following surgery (pain scores before and after kinesio taping and/or breathing exercises) and the postoperative recovery process (oral intake, mobilization, gas-passing, defecation time).
11 MONTHS
Discharge risk assessment form
Time Frame: 11 MONTHS
Discharge risk assessment form in the study were developed by the researcher in line with the literature, and expert opinion was obtained (Gürşen, İnanoğlu, Kaya, Akbayrak & Baltacı, 2016; Hadi & Akbar Haind, 2011; Sahai Sharma, Yadav & Bindal, 2015; Stanirowski, Wunk, Cendrowski & Sawick, 2015). Discharge risk assessment form includes questions regarding the improvement of the incision site (infection, wound color, tenderness, bleeding, ecchymosis, edema) and the individual's self-perception of healing on the day of discharge.
11 MONTHS

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Çankırı Karatekin University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Sakine Yılmaz, Asistant Prof, Çankırı Karatekin University
  • Study Director: Füsun Terzioğlu, Professor, Atılım University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

June 1, 2017

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

May 1, 2018

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

June 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 25, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 28, 2020

First Posted (ACTUAL)

June 2, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

June 2, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 28, 2020

Last Verified

May 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • Ethic No: 2016/12/131

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Postoperative Pain

Clinical Trials on Kinesio Taping

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Tanzania

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

Subscribe