Validation Study of WITHINGS BPM Core for the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation (Core AF)

The proposed clinical study aims to validate the diagnostic performance, compared to a reference ECG, of the electrocardiographic function of the BPM Core developed by Withings for the automatic identification of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Study Overview

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Conditions: Cardiovascular Diseases; Atrial Fibrillation; Arrhythmias, Cardiac
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: ECG measurement

Detailed Description

BPM Core is a blood-pressure monitor with an build-in single-channel electrocardiogram similar to a lead I.

Primary objective:

The primary objective is to demonstrate that Withings BPM Core has acceptable sensitivity and specificity in the automatic identification of AF and SR in comparison with a gold-standard diagnosis from a 12-lead ECG by board certified cardiologists.

The algorithm classifies the device signals into four categories: normal sinus rhythm (RSN), AF, arrhythmia other than AF, or non-interpretable. The latter category includes signals of insufficient quality to be interpreted with confidence.

This classification will be compared to the diagnosis made by three independent, blinded cardiologists based on a 12-lead ECG. The final diagnosis retained will be decided by majority with adjudication by a consensus of 3 to 6 cardiologists. The sensitivity and specificity of the device will then be estimated.

Secondary objectives:

The first secondary objective is to assess the quality of tracings of the BPM Core armband thanks to a qualitative and quantitative comparison between BPM Core tracings and reference ECG ones, based on clinical evaluation criteria.

Firstly, three independent cardiologists who have not performed or read the reference ECG and do not know the patient's clinical files will make a diagnosis from the recordings from the BPM Core. There will be a majority vote to select the diagnosis. The cases where the three readers reached three different diagnosis will be reviewed by a panel of 3 to 6 board certified cardiologists who will decide by consensus. Sensitivity and specificity will be calculated relative to the reference ECG.

Secondly, quantitative analyses will be performed to assess the quality of ECG tracings provided by Withings BPM Core and its software, as follows:

• The visibility and polarity of the ECG waves (namely P-waves, QRS complexes and T-waves) will be determined by the cardiologists for each lead I signals recorded with Withings BPM Core and with the 12-channel ECG device. The assessment will be made on the 5th complete beat of the recording. For each of the waves (P, QRS and T), the agreement of visibility and the agreement of polarity (when both are visible) between the signals of Withings BPM Core and the reference ECG device will be computed.
• The duration of the main ECG intervals (namely QT interval, QRS width and PR interval) will be determined by the cardiologists for each lead I signal recorded by Withings BPM Core and the 12-channel ECG device. The measurement will be made with a caliper on the 5th complete beat of the recording. For each interval (QT, QRS, PR), the difference of length between the signals of Withings BPM Core and the reference ECG device will be computed.
• The heart rate will be first determined by the cardiologists for each lead I signal (recorded by Withings BPM Core and the 12-channel ECG device) which are diagnosed as NSR. The heart rate difference between the signals of Withings BPM Core and the reference ECG device will be computed. Second, the heart rate of the signals recorded with the BPM Core will be computed by the Withings software. The difference between the heart rate estimated by Withings software on Withings BPM Core signals and the heart rate determined by the cardiologists on the lead I signal from the ECG reference device will also be calculated.

The sponsor will make sure that the same cardiologist will not be asked to annotate both a Withings BPM Core signal and the corresponding lead I signal from the 12-channel ECG device. The sponsor will then centralize the annotations of Withings BPM Core tracings and of the ECG reference lead I signals and perform agreement calculations on synchronous pairs.

The second secondary objective is to verify the safety of use of the device by analyzing adverse effects.

The safety of use of the device will be assessed by the number of adverse effects.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 160

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• France
  • Bagnolet, France, 93170
    • ICPC Floréale
  • Paris, France, 75004
    • ICPC Turin

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 100 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

in and out patients from cardiology services

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• male or female who are 18 years or older
• Subject who signed the written informed consent form,
• Able to communicate effectively with and follow instructions from the study staff
• Person with an arm circumference between 22 and 42 cm

Exclusion Criteria:

• Vulnerable subject with regard to regulations

  • Pregnant, parturient or breastfeeding woman,
  • Subject who is deprived of liberty by judicial, medical or administrative decision,
  • Underage subject,
  • Legally protected subject, or subject who is unable to sign the written informed consent form,
  • Subject who is not beneficiary or not affiliated to a social security scheme,
  • Subject within several of the above categories,
• Subject who refused to participate in the study,
• Subject in linguistic or psychic incapacity to sign a written informed consent form,
• Subject in physical incapacity to wear a blood pressure monitor
• Subject with electrical stimulation by pacemaker
• Significant tremor that prevents subject from being able to hold still
• Known sensitivity to medical adhesives, isopropyl alcohol, or ECG electrodes

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
atrial fibrillation (AF); Patients diagnosed with AF during reference ECG	Diagnostic test: ECG measurement; Simultaneous recording of a single-lead ECG signal with the Withings BPM Core and ECG signal for the reference 12-lead ECG
sinus rhythm (SR); Patients diagnosed with SR during reference ECG	Diagnostic test: ECG measurement; Simultaneous recording of a single-lead ECG signal with the Withings BPM Core and ECG signal for the reference 12-lead ECG

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Sensitivity of the automatic classification in AF by BPM Core single-lead ECG against reference 12-lead ECG	sensitivity from the 2x2 confusion matrix AF vs 'non-AF'	1 year
Sensitivity of the automatic classification in AF by BPM Core single-lead ECG against reference 12-lead ECG	sensitivity from the 2x2 confusion matrix NSR vs 'non-NSR'	1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Sensitivity of the cardiologists' classification in AF from the BPM Core ECG	sensitivity from the 2x2 confusion matrix AF vs 'non-AF'	1 year
Sensitivity of the cardiologists' classification in SR from the BPM Core ECG	sensitivity from the 2x2 confusion matrix NSR vs 'non-NSR'	1 year
Accuracy of the visibility of P-waves of single-lead ECG from BPM Core	(true positives + true negatives)/(sample size) from the 2x2 confusion matrix	1 year
Accuracy of the positivity of P-waves of single-lead ECG from BPM Core	(true positives + true negatives)/(sample size) from the 2x2 confusion matrix	1 year
Accuracy of the visibility of QRS-complexes of single-lead ECG from BPM Core	(true positives + true negatives)/(sample size) from the 2x2 confusion matrix	1 year
Accuracy of the positivity of QRS-complexes of single-lead ECG from BPM Core	(true positives + true negatives)/(sample size) from the 2x2 confusion matrix	1 year
Accuracy of the visibility of T-waves of single-lead ECG from BPM Core	(true positives + true negatives)/(sample size) from the 2x2 confusion matrix	1 year
Accuracy of the positivity of T-waves of single-lead ECG from BPM Core	(true positives + true negatives)/(sample size) from the 2x2 confusion matrix	1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Withings
• Investigators: Study Director: David Campo, PhD, Withings

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 6, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 15, 2021
• Study Completion (Estimated): June 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 3, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 3, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): July 9, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 18, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 17, 2026
• Last Verified: February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: atrial fibrillation; cardiovascular disease; heart disease; ECG; electrocardiography; blood pressure monitor; arrhythmia, cardiac; wearable electronic device
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Diseases; Atrial Fibrillation; Arrhythmias, Cardiac
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2019-A03346-51

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: Individual patient data (IPD) are considered as confidential in this study. After the end the final quality control, the database will be frozen and all the IPD will be archived.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No