PRECISE CURATE.AI Pilot Clinical Trial

Personalised, Rational, Efficacy-driven Cancer Drug Dosing Via an Artificial Intelligence SystEm - CURATE.AI (PRECISE CURATE.AI Trial)

In the current clinical context, drug dosing in oncology is dictated by toxicity. The optimal dosages of drugs in combinatory regimens for solid tumours are not clear, and the typical physician's decision on dose adjustment is a clinical judgement based on the degree of toxicity experienced by the patient. CURATE.AI - a small data, AI-derived technology platform - allows personalised guidance of an individual's dose modulations based only on that individual's data. Additionally, CURATE.AI is mechanism-independent, and dynamically adapts to changes experienced by the subject, providing dynamic dose optimisation throughout the duration of the subject's treatment. This study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of applying CURATE.AI in standard of care settings for treatment of solid tumours. An additional objective is to explore tumour markers in serial measurements at weekly frequency of probing, with modulated doses.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Solid Tumor
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: CURATE.AI; Drug: Capecitabine; Drug: XELOX; Drug: XELIRI; Drug: Ibrutinib

Detailed Description

Cancer patients are given drug combinations that promote cancer cell elimination. The final drug concentration in the body must fall within a narrow range that maximises cancer elimination while minimizing toxic side effects. The complexity of this task increases significantly with the number of drugs given in combination due to increasing parameters and stochastic behaviour of a biological system. Currently, the established approach is to select maximum tolerated doses (MTD) - the highest drug doses that do not cause unacceptable side effects. Treatment efficacy does not guide dose selection. Combined with limited personalisation, this dosing strategy often results in suboptimal outcomes of the treatment.

CURATE.AI is an AI-derived, mechanism-independent, small data technology platform for personalised, dynamic dosing. CURATE.AI uses a quadratic equation to generate individualised CURATE.AI profile and dosing recommendation based on only that individual's medical data: drug doses and the corresponding response marker (e.g. blood tumour markers). Profile recalibration via CURATE.AI facilitates dynamic dosing and personalised care throughout the treatment duration, aimed at achieving the highest efficacy within pre-specified safe dose ranges.

CURATE.AI is an indication-agnostic platform that has already been applied clinically for a range of indications including in oncology. CURATE.AI can be applied to indications that demonstrate regularly measured dose-dependent relationship between the treatment dose and the treatment response (i.e. biomarker level). Currently, the gold standard of monitoring treatment response in solid tumour is via radiology (using criteria such as RECIST), which is usually done at the end of a few cycles of systemic therapy and therefore not suitable to be used as a CURATE.AI input signal for drug dose adjustment between cycles.. Additionally, haematological neoplasms often cannot be monitored with imaging. Waldenström macroglobulinaemia treatment response is assessed using an adaptation of the response criteria from the Eighth International Workshop on Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (IWWM-8) that includes blood markers. Blood-based tumour markers, e.g. carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) markers, are more suitable to be implemented into CURATE.AI. Apart from these traditional tumour markers, recent advances in genomic sequencing have led to the application of plasma circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) level as a novel marker of tumour burden. In addition, the serum free light chain (sFLC) has been widely used to assess treatment response for patients with multiple myeloma and other plasma cell dyscrasias, and has shown potential as a novel marker for disease burden in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. Therefore, serial ctDNA and sFLC measurements, may be an appropriate input for CURATE.AI.

This Pilot Clinical Trial aims to set foundation to investigate the applicability and feasibility of the CURATE.AI platform within the current clinical setting for guided dosing of various systemic therapies commonly used for solid and haematological neoplasms

Individualised CURATE.AI profiles will be generated based on each participant's response to a set of drug doses. Subsequently, the personalised CURATE.AI profile will be used to recommend the efficacy-driven dose. CURATE.AI will operate only within the safety range for each drug prespecified for each participant.

This Pilot Clinical Trial and feasibility study will inform the investigators on the logistical and practical aspects of performing a large-scale randomised study and on the suitability of CURATE.AI for guided dosing of a wider range of chemotherapy regimens. An additional objective is to explore the utility of CEA, CA19-9, Ig M, ctDNA and sFLC as tumour markers in serial measurements at weekly frequency of probing, with modulated doses. ctDNA and sFLC will be also explored as an input for CURATE.AI to generate dose recommendations, however this analysis will not be used to prospectively guide dosing.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 20
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Singapore
  • Singapore, Singapore, 119074
    • Recruiting
    • National University Hospital
  • Singapore, Singapore
    • Recruiting
    • Ng Teng Fong General Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 21 years to 99 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. General Inclusion Criteria

   1. Males and females ≥ 21 years of age.
   2. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0 to 2.

   3. Patients must meet the following clinical laboratory criteria within 21 days of starting treatment:

      1. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,000/mm3 and platelet ≥ 50,000/mm3
      2. Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x the upper limit of the normal range (ULN). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 3 x ULN or ≤ 5 ULN if involvement of the liver.
      3. Calculated creatinine clearance ≥ 30mL/min or creatinine < 1.5 x ULN

   Exclusion Criteria:

2. General Exclusion Criteria

   1. Patients who are lactating or pregnant.
   2. Major surgery within 28 days prior to start of the treatment.
   3. Active congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] Class III or IV), symptomatic ischaemia, or conduction abnormalities uncontrolled by conventional intervention. Myocardial infarction within 4 months prior to informed consent obtained.
   4. Patients with clinically significant hypersensitivity to one or more of the selected regimen's constituent drug(s) (e.g. patient's with clinically significant hypersensitivity to oxaliplatin may not be enrolled on the XELOX regimen, but may be allowed on the XELIRI regimen).
   5. Contraindication to any of the required concomitant drugs or supportive treatments.
   6. Any clinically significant medical disease or psychiatric condition that, in the investigator's opinion, may interfere with protocol adherence or a subject's ability to give informed consent.
3. Specific Recruitment Criteria for Cohort 1: Capecitabine in solid tumours

i. Specific Inclusion Criteria

1. Metastatic solid tumours not for curative intent therapy;
2. Planned for treatment with the following chemotherapy regimens: XELOX, XELIRI or single agent capecitabine.
3. Patients must have raised tumour marker above upper limit of local laboratory normal (e.g. CEA, CA19-9).

ii. Specific Exclusion Criteria Nil

d. Specific Recruitment Criteria for Cohort 2: Ibrutinib in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia

i. Specific Inclusion Criteria

1. Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (either newly diagnosed or relapsed) as defined by the World Health Organisation 2016 diagnostic criteria.
2. Immunofixation confirms immunoglobulin M paraprotein and total IgM > 2 x ULN.

ii. Specific Exclusion Criteria

1. Systemic anti-lymphoma therapy within 3 weeks of enrolment. Steroids at a dose equivalent of prednisolone 30mg per day are allowed provided this is discontinued 72 hours prior to commencement of drug dosing on trial.
2. Need to withhold rituximab in view of the risk of IgM flare (applies to patients treated with rituximab-based regimens).
3. Platelet transfusion within 7 days of screening.
4. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor within 7 days of screening.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: CURATE.AI; - Cohort 1: Capecitabine in solid tumours. In this cohort, participants will receive the treatment in three-week cycles. Only the dose of capecitabine will be modulated with CURATE.AI, based on measurements of the tumour marker (CEA/CA19-9). CT scans for radiological assessment will be performed according to standard of care, usually after every 2 to 3 cycles of chemotherapy for Cohort 1 only. Cohort 2: Ibrutinib in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia In this cohort, participants will receive the treatment in four-week cycles. The total cumulative dose of Ibrutinib will be modulated with CURATE.AI, based on measurements of the tumour marker (IgM paraprotein).

Device: CURATE.AI; Efficacy and toxicity measurements at the end of each dosing cycle, together with an information on given drugs and their doses, and other patient data, will be used by CURATE.AI to recommend the dose of capecitabine and Ibrutinib for the next cycle. The clinical investigators will decide whether or not to administer or prescribe the dose recommendation from CURATE.AI.; Drug: Capecitabine; Treatment with the selected regimen will take up to a maximum duration of 12 months, in 3-week cycles. CURATE.AI dose recommendations will be generated before each chemotherapy cycle; fixed throughout the cycle; and within 1) the predetermined safety range (50% to 100% of dose used in standard of care treatment) and 2) subject-specific dosing range. Maximum total cumulative dose per cycle of capecitabine in the predetermined safety range is set at 100% of standard starting dose (i.e. , 1250mg/m2 twice daily for single agent capecitabine regimen). Minimum total cumulative dose per cycle of capecitabine in the predetermined safety range is set at 50% of the standard starting dose (i.e. 625mg/m2 twice daily for single agent capecitabine). Subject-specific dosing range may alter those numbers to suit the specific circumstances of the subject, thus giving the subject specific safe dosing range.; Other Names: XELODA; Drug: XELOX; Treatment with the selected regimen will take up to a maximum duration of 12 months, in 3-week cycles. CURATE.AI dose recommendations will be generated before each chemotherapy cycle; fixed throughout the cycle; and within 1) the predetermined safety range (50% to 100% of dose used in standard of care treatment) and 2) subject-specific dosing range. Maximum dose of capecitabine in the predetermined safety range is set at 100% of standard starting dose (i.e. 1000 mg/m2 twice daily for XELOX regimen). Minimum dose of capecitabine in the predetermined safety range is set at 50% of the standard starting dose (i.e. 500 mg/m2 twice daily for XELOX regimen). Subject-specific dosing range may alter those numbers to suit the specific circumstances of the subject, thus giving the subject specific safe dosing range. The doses of other drug in the XELOX regimen (oxaliplatin) will be held constant or adjusted at the clinical investigator's discretion, as per standard of care.; Drug: XELIRI; Treatment with the selected regimen will take up to a maximum duration of 12 months, in 3-week cycles. CURATE.AI dose recommendations will be generated before each chemotherapy cycle; fixed throughout the cycle; and within 1) the predetermined safety range (50% to 100% of dose used in standard of care treatment) and 2) subject-specific dosing range. Maximum dose of capecitabine in the predetermined safety range is set at 100% of standard starting dose (i.e. 1000 mg/m2 twice daily for XELIRI regimen). Minimum dose of capecitabine in the predetermined safety range is set at 50% of the standard starting dose (i.e. 500 mg/m2 twice daily for XELIRI regimen). Subject-specific dosing range may alter those numbers to suit the specific circumstances of the subject, thus giving the subject specific safe dosing range. The doses of other drug in the XELIRI regimen (irinotecan) will be held constant or adjusted at the clinical investigator's discretion, as per standard of care.; Drug: Ibrutinib; Treatment with the selected regimen will take up to a maximum duration of 12 months, in 4-week cycles. CURATE.AI dose recommendations will be generated before each chemotherapy cycle; fixed throughout the cycle; and within 1) the predetermined safety range (50% to 100% of dose used in standard of care treatment) and 2) subject-specific dosing range. Maximum total cumulative dose per cycle of Ibrutinib in the predetermined safety range is set at 100% of standard starting dose (i.e. 420 mg once daily for 4 weeks, which constitutes the total of 11760 mg per cycle). Minimum total cumulative dose per cycle of Ibrutinib in the predetermined safety range is set at 50% of the standard starting dose (i.e. 280 mg once daily on alternative days with 140 mg once daily, which constitutes the total of 5880 mg per cycle). The dosing range may be altered to suit the specific circumstances of the participant, thus giving the participant-specific safe dosing range.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percentage of participants in whom we successfully apply CURATE.AI profile.	CURATE.AI applicability: Percentage of participants in whom we successfully apply CURATE.AI profile. Based on percentages, outcomes will be classified as Green (>70%) / Yellow (10-70%) / Red (<10%). A decision on whether we "successfully apply" the CURATE.AI profile requires expert judgement and cannot be made based on a purely numerical process. The expert panel will consider the following factors with careful regard for the individual circumstances of each participant: Error/variance (biological/analytical) is sufficiently small to allow accurate predictions; Profile can be generated sufficiently early for the participant to potentially benefit;; Dose-dependent relationship is observed;; Profile is actionable (i.e. fulfils the clinical investigator's pre-specified safety requirements);; Systemic changes in the participant which require profile recalibration are rare or readily assimilated into the CURATE.AI algorithm.	Up to 12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Patient adherence	Percentage of participants who always adhered to the prescribed dose whenever they took their medication, as measured by the standardised pharmacovigilance protocol. Based on percentages, outcomes will be classified as Green (>90%) / Yellow (10-90%) / Red (<10%).	Up to 12 months
Timely delivery of CURATE.AI recommendations to the clinician	Percentage of CURATE.AI recommendations provided in time for the next chemotherapy cycle, across all participants and cycles. Based on percentages, outcomes will be classified as Green (100%) / Yellow (10-99%) / Red (<10%).	Up to 12 months
CURATE.AI relevance	Percentage of dosing events across all participants and cycles in which CURATE.AI recommendation is considered in the clinical decision-making process. Based on percentages, outcomes will be classified as Green (100%) / Yellow (10-99%) / Red (<10%).	Up to 12 months
Physician adherence	Percentage of CURATE.AI recommended doses that were used by the clinical investigator. Based on percentages, outcomes will be classified as Green (>70%) / Yellow (10-70%) / Red (<10%).	Up to 12 months
Clinically significant dose changes	Percentage of participants in whom the CURATE.AI-guided cumulative dose is substantially (≥10%) different from the projected standard-of-care cumulative dose. Based on percentages, outcomes will be classified as Green (>20%) / Yellow (1-20%) / Red (0%).	Up to 12 months

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Toxicity derived from the use of CURATE.AI	Percentage of trial participants with clinically relevant toxicities of grades 3-4 based on CTCAE version 4.0.	Up to 12 months
Percentage of trial participants with clinical progressive disease	CT scans for radiological assessment will be performed according to standard of care, usually after every 2 to 3 cycles of chemotherapy Percentage of trial participants with clinical progressive disease(which is defined as the clinical investigator deeming that the patient will not benefit any further from the chemotherapy regimen and considering stopping it) at the time of the first radiological assessment performed as per standard-of-care.	Up to 12 months
Temporal variation in tumour marker level from baseline to trial conclusion.	Mandatory blood draws for the measurement of tumour marker(s)as per standard of care.Additional blood draws solely for the purposes of the trial for measurements of tumour markers(s) Tumour marker measurements at higher frequency will be analysed to inform about temporal dynamics of tumour response to modulated dosing.	Up to 12 months
Maximal reduction in tumour marker level measured as part of baseline investigations	For CURATE.AI profile generation, a minimum of 3 dose levels and corresponding tumour marker (CEA/CA19-9/Ig M) readouts are needed for the modulated drug. After obtaining the first tumour marker readout a set of potential doses of capecitabine or Ibrutinib to pick from will be recommended by the CURATE.AI team with calibration-intent, based on the mathematical requirements of the method. If the modulations do not yield a dose-dependent response (e.g. biomarker readouts were affected by the factors unrelated to capecitabine or Ibrutinib modulation) a new data pair will have to be acquired according to calibration-intent recommendation from the CURATE.AI team. When dose-dependent response is obtained, the profile will be checked for actionability - an ability to recommend an optimum dose within the pre-specified personal safety range.	Up to 12 months
ctDNA and/or sFLC analysis	Data collection and explorative analysis of the ctDNA and/or sFLC as: (1) a tumour marker in serial measurements at given clinical context and after modulated dosing; (2) potential input for CURATE.AI	Up to 12 months
Tumour markers analysis	Data collection and explorative analysis of CEA , CA19-9 , Ig M and/or other traditional tumour markers in higher frequency serial measurements after modulated dosing in relation to standard frequency readings and other efficacy measures, e.g RECIST criteria or IWWM-8	Up to 12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National University Hospital, Singapore
• Collaborators: The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1)

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Thummel KE, Lin YS. Sources of interindividual variability. Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1113:363-415. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-758-7_17.
• Blasiak A, Khong J, Kee T. CURATE.AI: Optimizing Personalized Medicine with Artificial Intelligence. SLAS Technol. 2020 Apr;25(2):95-105. doi: 10.1177/2472630319890316. Epub 2019 Nov 26.
• Rashid MBMA, Toh TB, Hooi L, Silva A, Zhang Y, Tan PF, Teh AL, Karnani N, Jha S, Ho CM, Chng WJ, Ho D, Chow EK. Optimizing drug combinations against multiple myeloma using a quadratic phenotypic optimization platform (QPOP). Sci Transl Med. 2018 Aug 8;10(453):eaan0941. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0941.
• Ho D. Artificial intelligence in cancer therapy. Science. 2020 Feb 28;367(6481):982-983. doi: 10.1126/science.aaz3023. No abstract available.
• Zarrinpar A, Lee DK, Silva A, Datta N, Kee T, Eriksen C, Weigle K, Agopian V, Kaldas F, Farmer D, Wang SE, Busuttil R, Ho CM, Ho D. Individualizing liver transplant immunosuppression using a phenotypic personalized medicine platform. Sci Transl Med. 2016 Apr 6;8(333):333ra49. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac5954.
• Tan BKJ, Teo CB, Tadeo X, Peng S, Soh HPL, Du SX, Luo VWY, Bandla A, Sundar R, Ho D, Kee TW, Blasiak A. Personalised, Rational, Efficacy-Driven Cancer Drug Dosing via an Artificial Intelligence SystEm (PRECISE): A Protocol for the PRECISE CURATE.AI Pilot Clinical Trial. Front Digit Health. 2021 Apr 12;3:635524. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.635524. eCollection 2021.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 20, 2020
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): August 1, 2023
• Study Completion (Anticipated): August 1, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 2, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 19, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): August 21, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 29, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 27, 2023
• Last Verified: March 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Cancer; Capecitabine; Chemotherapy; Artificial Intelligence; Ibrutinib; Xeloda; XELOX; Phenotypic Personalized Medicine; CURATE.AI; Xeliri; Waldenström macroglobulinaemia
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Capecitabine
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2020/00334

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No