Comparison of Intermittent Occlusion and Static Stretching

Comparison of Intermittent Occlusion and Static Stretching of Muscles in Prevention of Soreness and Vital Changes in Young Adults

To determine changes in Vitals caused by Intermittent Occlusion ( 220 mg ) and to compare the effectiveness of Intermittent Occlusion and Static Stretching of the lower limb muscle group in preventing the development of exercise induce Muscle Soreness

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Muscle Soreness
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Static Stretching; Other: Intermittent Occlusion

Detailed Description

Main purpose of this study is to determine changes in Vitals caused by Intermittent Occlusion ( 220 mg ) and to compare the effectiveness of Intermittent Occlusion and Static Stretching of the lower limb muscle group in preventing the development of exercise induce Muscle Soreness. As muscle soreness is very major and basis problem of every individual , specially after enrolling into some physical activity .

First consent form will be given to both male and female participants from 18 to 25 years of age and after that PAR-Q Questionnaire will be filled for every individual, so that we will check their readiness for the Exercise then all the four Vitals will measured from every individual .They will randomly assigned by lottery method to intervention group and control group. Both group individuals will be exerted by Warm up for 5 mints, heel raise in 3 sets for 10 to 15 mints until we get 4 on RPE scale, by asking to hold dumbbells of 2 kg on both of the hands. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) is calculated by Borg grading scale .Plus, leg circumference, ROM of planter and dorsal flexion and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) will be measured for comparison within and between the groups. Again vitals will be monitored.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 20
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Pakistan
  • Punjab
    • Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan, 46000
      • Shalimar Club

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 25 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age limit: 18 -25 years of age.
• Both Males and Females.
• Participants intending to join a fitness or body building program shortly ( the first exercise session would be utilized to induce mild muscle soreness )
• Participants ready for physical exertion according to PAR-Q.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2).
• Skeletal or Orthopedic Injuries.
• Known Cardiovascular disease.
• Open wounds.
• Uncontrolled Hypertension (resting brachial blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg).
• Exercise induced muscle soreness in last 6 months.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Static stretching; Static stretching to lower limb muscles	Other: Static Stretching; In Control group all the individuals will be asked to perform static stretching for 10 mints, 1 set . Vitals will be monitored from every individual. On 3rd day to this protocol leg circumference, ROM of planter and dorsal flexion and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS ) will be measured alone with all the Vitals from every individual.
Experimental: Intermittent occlusion; Intermittent occlusion to lower limb	Other: Intermittent Occlusion; Individuals of Interventional group will be asked to lay down in supine position, apply proximal thigh cuff, 220mg for 12 minutes for intermittent occlusion. During this procedure discomfort will be checked on numeric pain rating scale, if we get 6 on scale, will stop the occlusion. Vitals will be monitored from every individual. On 3rd day to this protocol leg circumference, ROM of planter and dorsal flexion and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS ) will be measured alone with all the Vitals from every individual

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS)	The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a subjective measure in which individuals rate their pain on an eleven-point numerical scale. The scale is composed of 0 (no pain at all) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). It has been shown that a composite scoring system including best, worse, and current level of pain. 27 Recent studies showed that the Majority of patients of all ages and both genders prefer NRS 28. Patients feel this scale of pain measuring technique quite easy and understandable. The benefit of the NRS is that it is validated as well as quick and easy to use.	4th day
Goniometer	A goniometer is an instrument which measures the available range of motion at a joint. This can be an indicator of stress which is unavoidable. Many studies showed that The universal goniometer are reliable in repeated measures of joint angles 30 .Manual goniometers can be used with confidence for longitudinal assessments in the clinic	4th day
Measuring Tape	Tape measurement has been used for decades round measurement or the contour of the Muscle to detect atrophy or hypertrophy of Joint to determine swelling. Research shows that measuring tape is valid and reliable tool for circumference measurements .Circumference measurements taken by spring tape have high reliability	4th day
Borg Rate of Perceived Exertion	Research suggest that the Borg CR-10 scale is valid and reliable for monitoring exercise intensity	4th day
PAR-Q Questionnaire	Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ) clearance has been recommended prior to low-to-moderate exercise involvement. Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ) is safe and effective means of risk stratification for patients interested in becoming more physically active. These results support the concurrent validity of the PARQ and suggest the revisions have had their intended effect	4th day
Temperature	A valid Tool for temperature measurement which has been in use from centuries is Mercury Thermometer.	4th day
Pulse rate	The pulse rate is a measurement of the heart rate, or the number of times the heart beats per minute which can be felt by the beats by firmly pressing on the arteries, which are located close to the surface of the skin at certain points of the body. In this study we will be using Radial Artery.	4th day
Respiratory Rate	The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute , when a person is at rest counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises.	4th day
Blood pressure	The aneroid monitor is valid and cost effective tool which for measuring blood pressure	4th day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Riphah International University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Xie Y, Feng B, Chen K, Andersen LL, Page P, Wang Y. The Efficacy of Dynamic Contract-Relax Stretching on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Among Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin J Sport Med. 2018 Jan;28(1):28-36. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000442.
• Cheung K, Hume P, Maxwell L. Delayed onset muscle soreness : treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports Med. 2003;33(2):145-64. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200333020-00005.
• Magoffin RD, Parcell AC, Hyldahl RD, Fellingham GW, Hopkins JT, Feland JB. Whole-Body Vibration as a Warm-up Before Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage on Symptoms of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Trained Subjects. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Apr;34(4):1123-1132. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002896.
• Brandner CR, Warmington SA. Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Perceived Exertion After Blood Flow Restriction Exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Nov;31(11):3101-3108. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001779.
• Hedayatpour N, Arendt-Nielsen L, Falla D. Facilitation of quadriceps activation is impaired following eccentric exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014 Apr;24(2):355-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01512.x. Epub 2012 Aug 12.
• Kanda K, Sugama K, Hayashida H, Sakuma J, Kawakami Y, Miura S, Yoshioka H, Mori Y, Suzuki K. Eccentric exercise-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness and changes in markers of muscle damage and inflammation. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2013;19:72-85.
• Dupuy O, Douzi W, Theurot D, Bosquet L, Dugue B. An Evidence-Based Approach for Choosing Post-exercise Recovery Techniques to Reduce Markers of Muscle Damage, Soreness, Fatigue, and Inflammation: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol. 2018 Apr 26;9:403. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00403. eCollection 2018.
• Newton MJ, Morgan GT, Sacco P, Chapman DW, Nosaka K. Comparison of responses to strenuous eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors between resistance-trained and untrained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Mar;22(2):597-607. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181660003.
• Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L. Induction and assessment of muscle pain, referred pain, and muscular hyperalgesia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2003 Dec;7(6):443-51. doi: 10.1007/s11916-003-0060-y.
• Chapman D, Newton M, Sacco P, Nosaka K. Greater muscle damage induced by fast versus slow velocity eccentric exercise. Int J Sports Med. 2006 Aug;27(8):591-8. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-865920.
• Costello JT, Baker PR, Minett GM, Bieuzen F, Stewart IB, Bleakley C. Whole-body cryotherapy (extreme cold air exposure) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 18;2015(9):CD010789. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010789.pub2.
• Luetmer MT, Do A, Canzanello NC, Bauer BA, Laskowski ER. The Feasibility and Effects of Acupuncture on Muscle Soreness and Sense of Well-being in an Adolescent Football Population. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Nov;98(11):964-970. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001226.
• Farias Junior LF, Browne RAV, Frazao DT, Dantas TCB, Silva PHM, Freitas RPA, Aoki MS, Costa EC. Effect of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Continuous Exercise on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Untrained Healthy Males. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Mar;33(3):774-782. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002059.
• Beaven CM, Cook CJ, Kilduff L, Drawer S, Gill N. Intermittent lower-limb occlusion enhances recovery after strenuous exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2012 Dec;37(6):1132-9. doi: 10.1139/h2012-101. Epub 2012 Sep 12.
• Page W, Swan R, Patterson SD. The effect of intermittent lower limb occlusion on recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage: A randomized controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Aug;20(8):729-733. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.11.015. Epub 2017 Jan 24.
• LaRoche DP, Connolly DA. Effects of stretching on passive muscle tension and response to eccentric exercise. Am J Sports Med. 2006 Jun;34(6):1000-7. doi: 10.1177/0363546505284238. Epub 2006 Feb 13.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 15, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 30, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): September 30, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 16, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 1, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): October 5, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 17, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 16, 2021
• Last Verified: February 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Vital Signs; Muscle soreness; Static stretching; Intermittent occlusion
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Nervous System Diseases; Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Muscular Diseases; Neuromuscular Diseases; Musculoskeletal Pain; Myalgia
• Other Study ID Numbers: REC/00240 Urooj Fatima

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No