Ketone Supplements and Substrate Oxidation and Physical Performance

Impact of Ketone Ester Supplementation on Substrate Oxidation and Physical Performance

The objective of this randomized crossover study is to examine the influence of consuming a ketone ester plus carbohydrate (KE+CHO) supplement on substrate oxidation and physical performance in 15 healthy adults. Following a 48-hr muscle glycogen normalization period, volunteers will consume either an isocaloric KE+CHO (KE: 573 mg KE/kg body mass, CHO: 110 g) or isocaloric CHO drink and complete 90-min of metabolically-matched, load carriage (~30% body mass) steady-state aerobic (~60 ± 5 % of VO2peak) exercise on a treadmill. Glucose tracers will be used to assess glucose turnover, and contribution to exogenous and plasma glucose oxidation. Serial blood draws will be collected during each trial to assess endocrine and circulating substrate responses. After steady-state exercise volunteers will complete a time to exhaustion (TTE) physical performance tests at 85% VO2peak on a treadmill. Volunteers will then be provided with food for the remainder of the day. Following a 10-hr overnight fast, volunteers will return to the laboratory and consume the same supplement (KE+CHO or CHO) as they did the previous day. Volunteers will then perform a 4-mile load carriage time trial on a treadmill. Following a minimum 7-day washout period, volunteers will return to the laboratory to complete the second arm of the study. The primary risks associated with this study include those associated with exercise, blood draws, and gastrointestinal discomfort from the KE+CHO supplement.

Study Overview

Status

Active, not recruiting

Detailed Description

Following an overnight (10 hour) fast, two catheters will be placed into the lower arm (one in each arm). One arm will be used for infusion of 6,6-[2H2] glucose tracer and the other will be used for blood sampling under resting and exercise conditions. Following an initial blood sample collection to determine background enrichments, a primed, continuous infusion of 6,6-[2H2] glucose will begin (prime, 82.2 µmol∙kg-1; continuous rate, 0.78 µmol∙kg-1∙min-1, Figure 1). The 6,6-[2H2] glucose will be infused for 100 min under resting fasted conditions to ensure isotopic steady-state is achieved prior to initiating exercise. Volunteers will consume either an isocaloric KE+CHO (KE: 573 mg KE/kg body mass, CHO: 110 g) or CHO drink prior to and during 90-min of metabolically-matched (~60 ± 5 % of VO2peak), steady-state load carriage (~30% body mass) exercise. Drinks will be enriched with U-13C-glucose (Cambridge Isotope Laboratory, Andover, MA, USA) to increase the isotopic enrichment well above natural levels and optimize the measurement of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation. During exercise V̇O2, V̇CO2, and HR will be measured at approximately 0, 20, 45, 60, 75, and 85 min.

After the 90-min steady-state treadmill exercise, participants will complete a TTE performance test. For volunteer safety TTE performance tests will be conducted without the additional weight from the load carriage exercise. Volunteers will be given time to stretch and warm-up on the treadmill before the TTE performance test beings. Volunteers will then run on the treadmill at a fixed speed and grade that elicits 85% of their VO2peak. The TTE performance test will be determined as the time of volitional exhaustion. Following completion of the test, a self-selected cool-down will occur. Volunteers will complete a minimum of two practice exercise sessions to ensure they are familiar with the performance test.

The following day volunteers will return to the laboratory after an overnight fast. After consuming the study drink (KE+CHO or CHO) participants will complete a self-paced 4-mile load carriage (~30% body mass) time trial on a treadmill to assess aerobic performance. Time trial performance will be assessed as the total amount of time taken to complete 4 miles. The treadmill will be set at a constant 1% grade for the entire test. Following a warm-up period, volunteers will blindly modulate treadmill speed in order to complete the distance as quickly as possible. The only feedback given will be distance covered at half mile increments. At half mile increments volunteers' rate of perceived exertion will be determined using the Borg Scale. Heart rate will be monitored throughout the time trial. Heart rate will be recorded at half mile increments. No motivation will be provided during the time trial. Participants may consume water ad libitum during the time trial. Following completion of the test, a self-selected cool-down will occur. Volunteers will complete a minimum of two practice exercise sessions to ensure they are familiar with the performance test.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

15

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

    • Massachusetts
      • Natick, Massachusetts, United States, 01760
        • USARIEM

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 39 years (ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Men and women aged 18 - 39 years
  • Body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2
  • Routinely participate in aerobic and/or resistance exercise at least 2 days per week
  • Refrain from the use of caffeine, alcohol, dietary supplements, and nicotine while consuming study diets
  • Supervisor approval to participate for active duty military and federal civilian employees working within the US Army Natick Soldier Systems Center

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Metabolic or cardiovascular abnormalities, gastrointestinal disorders (i.e., kidney disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc.)
  • Disease or medication (i.e., diabetes medications, statins, corticosteroids, etc) that affects macronutrient utilization and/or the ability to participate in strenuous exercise
  • Allergies or intolerance to foods (including but not limited to lactose intolerance/milk allergy) to be utilized in the study or vegetarian practices
  • Present condition of alcoholism, anabolic steroids, or other substance abuse issues
  • Musculoskeletal injuries that compromise the ability to exercise
  • Not willing to avoid non-study exercise and foods during each of the 3 day testing periods
  • Blood donation within 8 weeks of beginning the study
  • Pregnant or breast feeding

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: OTHER
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: CROSSOVER
  • Masking: DOUBLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Ketone + Carbohydrate
573 mg/ kg body weight ketone ester + 110 g glucose
Oral ketone ester + glucose supplement
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Carbohydrate
Isocaloric amount of glucose to match ketone + carbohydrate
Glucose supplement

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Time to exhaustion
Time Frame: 30 minutes
Determine the effect of ketone esters plus carbohydrate (KE + CHO) supplementation on physical performance as determine by time to exhaustion at 85% VO2max on a treadmill compared to CHO alone
30 minutes
Time trial
Time Frame: 120 minutes
Determine the effect of ketone esters plus carbohydrate (KE + CHO) supplementation on physical performance as determine by a self paced 4 mile time trial on a treadmill compared to CHO alone
120 minutes
Substrate oxidatoin
Time Frame: 90 minutes
Determine the effect of KE + CHO supplementation on changes in substrate oxidation during moderate-intensity load carriage exercise compared to CHO alone.
90 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Lee M Margolis, PhD, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

November 1, 2020

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

June 1, 2021

Study Completion (ANTICIPATED)

September 1, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 2, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 1, 2021

First Posted (ACTUAL)

February 4, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

October 14, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 13, 2021

Last Verified

October 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 20-07HC

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Ketosis

Clinical Trials on Ketone ester

3
Subscribe