Study in Primary Care Evaluating Inclisiran Delivery Implementation + Enhanced Support (SPIRIT)

A Phase IIIb, Multicentre, Randomised Controlled Study to Evaluate the Implementation, Preference and Utility for Administration of Inclisiran Sodium in Participants With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) or ASCVD-risk Equivalents and Elevated Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) Using a Primary Care Models in the NHS.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implementation of inclisiran in a regional primary care setting in the UK

Inclisiran, also known as KJX839, is a medication made to reduce the level of "bad" cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) in the blood. Inclisiran works in a way that makes the liver produce less of a substance called 'PCSK9'. PCSK9 reduces the ability of the liver to remove LDL-cholesterol from the blood. By lowering the production of PCSK9, Inclisiran leads to more LDL-cholesterol being removed by the liver from the blood, thereby reducing LDL-cholesterol overall.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease; Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Equivelents; Elevated Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Behavioural Support; Drug: Background lipid lowering therapy; Drug: Inclisiran

Detailed Description

A phase IIIb, multicenter, randomized controlled study to evaluate the implementation, preference, and utility for administration of inclisiran sodium in participants on established lipid lowering medication or, have been recommended lipid lowering therapy by their healthcare provider but are unable to tolerate treatment, with elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in a primary care population. This study was an implementation research study that utilized implementation science methodology and use of the electronic medical record (EMR).

Using implementation science methodology, the study intended to assess the effect of 9 months treatment with inclisiran with/without behavioural support, compared to standard of care + behavioural support, on LDL-C reduction, total lipid profile, assessments of patient and healthcare professional (HCP) satisfaction, health-care resource utilization and healthcare service process evaluation.

The primary focus of this study was implementation and 'transactability' - how to organize, deliver and maintain an innovative treatment for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) in a primary care setting in a sustainable way.

Patients taking part in the study were randomised to one of three groups:

• Control + BS: Participants continued to receive their background lipid lowering therapy plus behavioural support. Subjects in treatment group 1 were referred to as the control group in this study
• Inclisiran: Participants continue to receive their background lipid lowering therapy, plus inclisiran for injection (delivered in an injection-only model).
• Inclisiran + BS: Participants continued to receive their background lipid lowering therapy, plus inclisiran for injection, plus behavioural support.

Participants who were randomized to Inclisiran or Inclisiran + BS received one injection of inclisiran on Day 1 and a second injection of inclisiran on Day 90.

Participants in Control + BS and Inclisiran + BS received a monthly telephone call from a health advisor, providing support to enable participants to make positive behaviour changes to reduce their cardiovascular risk.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 892
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Chadderton, United Kingdom, OL9 0LH
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Cheadle Hulme, United Kingdom, SK8 5LL
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Greater Manchester, United Kingdom, M24 4DZ
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Lancashire, United Kingdom, OL6 6EW
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Manchester, United Kingdom, M14 5NP
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Manchester, United Kingdom, M14 6WP
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Manchester, United Kingdom, M20 2RN
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Manchester, United Kingdom, M33 2RH
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Cheshire
    • Sale, Cheshire, United Kingdom, M33 4BR
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Manchester
    • Altrincham, Manchester, United Kingdom, WA14 1PF
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • Davyhulme, Manchester, United Kingdom, M41 7WJ
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • Didsbury, Manchester, United Kingdom, M20 6BA
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • Northenden, Manchester, United Kingdom, M22 4DH
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • Sale, Manchester, United Kingdom, M33 2TB
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • Swinton, Manchester, United Kingdom, M27 8HP
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • Wythenshawe, Manchester, United Kingdom, M22 0EP
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • Wythenshawe, Manchester, United Kingdom, M22 5RX
      • Novartis Investigative Site

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Signed informed consent had to be obtained prior to participation in the study.
2. Patients on established lipid lowering medication or, have been recommended lipid lowering therapy by their health care provider but were unable to tolerate treatment.
3. A total cholesterol measurement at screening that was ≥4 mmol/L [approximately 160 mg/dL].
4. Participants on lipid-lowering therapies had to be on a stable dose for ≥30 days before screening with no planned medication or dose change.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Medical or surgical history that might limit the individual's ability to take study treatments for the duration of the study and/or put the participant at significant risk .
2. Current or planned renal dialysis or transplantation.
3. Acute coronary syndrome or stroke less than 4 weeks before the screening visit.
4. Coronary revascularization procedure planned within the next 6 months.
5. Women of child-bearing potential, unless they agree to abstinence or, if sexually active, agree to the use of effective methods of contraception during the study.
6. Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
7. Previous, current or planned treatment with a monoclonal antibody targeting PCSK9, or with a drug known to be contra-indicated with inclisiran.
8. Previous exposure to inclisiran or participation in a randomised study of inclisiran.
9. Current or previous participation in a clinical study with an unlicensed drug or device within 30 days or five half-lives of the screening visit, whichever is longer.
10. Participants who planed to move away from the geographical area where the study is being conducted during the study period.
11. A triglyceride measurement at screening that is greater than or equal to 4.52 mmol/L

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Control+ BS; Participants continued to receive their background lipid lowering therapy plus behavioural support (BS).	Behavioral: Behavioural Support; Regular telephone based behavioural support programme delivered throughout the study period, as measured by point of care testing device.; Drug: Background lipid lowering therapy; lipid-lowering therapy (such as a statin and/or ezetimibe) as background therapy
Experimental: Inclisiran; Participants continue to receive their background lipid lowering therapy, plus inclisiran for injection (delivered in an injection-only model).	Drug: Background lipid lowering therapy; lipid-lowering therapy (such as a statin and/or ezetimibe) as background therapy; Drug: Inclisiran; Inclisiran Sodium 300mg on Day 1 and Day 90 by subcutaneous injection
Experimental: Inclisiran + BS; Participants continued to receive their background lipid lowering therapy, plus inclisiran for injection, plus behavioural support.	Behavioral: Behavioural Support; Regular telephone based behavioural support programme delivered throughout the study period, as measured by point of care testing device.; Drug: Background lipid lowering therapy; lipid-lowering therapy (such as a statin and/or ezetimibe) as background therapy; Drug: Inclisiran; Inclisiran Sodium 300mg on Day 1 and Day 90 by subcutaneous injection

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percentage Change in LDL-C From Baseline to Day 270	Change in Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) after 270 days of treatment in adults on established lipid lowering medication or who have been recommended lipid lowering therapy by their health care provider but are unable to tolerate treatment, regardless of treatment discontinuation for any reason and regardless of unforeseen change in the concomitant lipid lowering therapy. Multiple imputation is used to impute missing data using a washout model.	Baseline, Day 270

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants Interviewed for CFIR Analysis.	To identify the need to support the implementation of inclisiran in the real world, a framework was drawn known as the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Patients who received inclisiran were interviewed to understand their experience with the program and to obtain a comprehensive understanding, with or without behavioural support. These patients were interviewed on various aspects of their experience related to their high cholesterol management, trial participation, inclisiran injections, attending appointments, and if applicable their experience with the behavioural support programme. These interviews were not set up in a way that allow numerical analysis. The process evaluation was conducted by Manchester University.	Day 270
Patient Reported Outcomes: CSQ-8 Total Score After Treatment	The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ)-8 is the standard self-administered CSQ scale containing 8 items that comprise the measurement of satisfaction with services and measurement of improvement of capacity to cope and change adaptively. Items include questions enquiring about respondents' opinions and conclusions about services they have received or are currently receiving. Response options differ from item to item, but all are based on a four-point scale. For the CSQ-8 version, scores range from 8 to 32, with higher values indicating higher satisfaction.	Day 90
Patient Reported Outcomes: CSQ-8 Total Score Between Inclisiran Arms	The CSQ-8 is the standard self-administered CSQ scale containing 8 items that comprise the measurement of satisfaction with services and measurement of improvement of capacity to cope and change adaptively. Items include questions enquiring about respondents' opinions and conclusions about services they have received or are currently receiving. Response options differ from item to item, but all are based on a four-point scale. For the CSQ-8 version, scores range from 8 to 32, with higher values indicating higher satisfaction. This secondary outcome only analysed data of the two Inclisiran arms, by considering the Inclisiran only arm as the control group. The standard error for Least Square Mean could change because dropping a treatment arm affects the estimation of treatment effects and the variability of data.	Day 90
Change From Baseline to Day 90 in Total PAM Score	The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) questionnaire is a survey that assesses a person's underlying knowledge, skills and confidence integral to managing his or her own health and healthcare. This study used the 13-point PAM questionnaire, which consists of 13 statements relating to patients beliefs about health care, confidence in their management of health related tasks, and self-assessed knowledge of their condition. For each statement patients are required to say how much they either agree or disagree on a response scale of 1-5, where 1 represents "strongly disagree", 4 represents "strongly agree" and 5 indicates that the statement is "not applicable" to them. A standardised spreadsheet in excel is used to score the PAM. Responses are used to generate a continuous score from 0 to 100 where higher scores indicate that the patient is more activated.	Baseline, Day 90
Change From Baseline to Day 90 in Total PAM Score Between Inclisiran Arms	The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) questionnaire is a survey that assesses a person's underlying knowledge, skills and confidence integral to managing his or her own health and healthcare. This study used the 13-point PAM questionnaire, which consists of 13 statements. For each statement patients are required to say how much they either agree or disagree on a response scale of 1-5, where 1 represents "strongly disagree", 4 represents "strongly agree" and 5 indicates that the statement is "not applicable" to them. Responses are used to generate a continuous score from 0 to 100 where higher scores indicate that the patient is more activated. This outcome only analysed data of the two inclisiran arms, by considering the Inclisiran only arm as the control group. In an ANCOVA model, the Least Squares Means and corresponding Standard Error could change because the removal of a treatment group affects the estimation of the treatment effects and the adjustment for the covariate(s).	Baseline, Day 90
Measures of Adherence to Cardiovascular Disease Self-management Using the Validated Patient Activation Measure (PAM) Questionnaire.	The Patient Activation Measure (PAM) questionnaire is a survey that assesses a person's underlying knowledge, skills and confidence integral to managing his or her own health and healthcare. This study used the 13-point PAM questionnaire, which consists of 13 statements relating to patients beliefs about health care, confidence in their management of health related tasks, and self-assessed knowledge of their condition. For each statement patients are required to say how much they either agree or disagree on a response scale of 1-5, where 1 represents "strongly disagree", 4 represents "strongly agree" and 5 indicates that the statement is "not applicable" to them. Responses are used to generate a continuous score from 0 to 100. The continuous PAM scores are then categorised into 4 levels: Level 1 - disengaged and overwhelmed; Level 2 - become aware but still struggling; Level 3 - taking action; Level 4 - maintaining behaviors and pushing further.	Baseline, Day 90

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Novartis Pharmaceuticals
• Investigators: Study Director: Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• A Plain Language Trial Summary is available on novctrd.com

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 7, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 13, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): January 13, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 17, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 17, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): March 19, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): October 9, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 7, 2024
• Last Verified: October 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: LDL-C; ASCVD; Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease; Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Equivalents; Elevated Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Vascular Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Atherosclerosis
• Other Study ID Numbers: CKJX839A1GB01; 2020-004401-31 (EudraCT Number)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES

IPD Plan Description

Novartis is committed to sharing with qualified external researchers, access to patient-level data and supporting clinical documents from eligible studies. These requests are reviewed and approved by an independent review panel on the basis of scientific merit. All data provided is anonymized to respect the privacy of patients who have participated in the trial in line with applicable laws and regulations.

This trial data availability is according to the criteria and process described on www.clinicalstudydatarequest.com

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No