The Use of Lavender vs Vanilla Essential Oil as Complementary Analgesia for Frenotomy in Healthy Newborns (LVEO-SME1)

April 29, 2021 updated by: Parc de Salut Mar

Comparison of Lavender vs Vanilla Essential Oil as Complementary Analgesia for Frenotomy in Healthy Newborns: a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Clipping of the tongue-tie is a common procedure that physicians perform in our neonatal unit to help establish breastfeeding. It is a painful technique where the measures usually performed to control pain (such as sucking) cannot be done at the time of the clipping because the technique is performed on the tongue. A previous study conducted at our center proved the benefits of inhaled lavender essential oil to control pain during frenotomy, for which inhaled essential oil is now routinely used when clipping a tongue-tie. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic/soothing effect of inhaled lavender essential oil vs inhaled vanilla essential oil during the clipping of the tongue-tie. Participants will be newborns born at our hospital during the study period (expected to be May to December 2021). Patients will be offered to participate and will be enrolled in the study if their parents agree to and sign an informed consent. The use of inhaled lavender and vanilla essential oils is safe. No side effects have been found with their use. The procedure of the frenotomy will not change for patients who are enrolled in the study. At the moment, inhaled lavender essential oil is used as complementary analgesia for the clipping of tongue-ties in our neonatal unit. By demonstrating which of the two oils has better results, the investigators aim to improve pain management of the patients who undergo a frenotomy. This study will take place at the neonatal unit of Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

A randomized clinical trial will be conducted with the neonates born at our hospital or less than 15 days old who undergo a frenotomy for type 3 tongue-ties according to Coryllos classification and the Hazelbaker tool during the study period (expected to take place from May to December 2021). Pain will be assessed by means of crying time, the highest Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) score in the five minutes post procedure, increase in heart rate (HR) and decrease in oxygen saturation (satO2) pre/post-procedure. NIPS evaluates facial expression, crying, breathing pattern, arm and leg position, and state of arousal on a scale from 0 to 7, where 0-2 means no pain to mild pain, 3-4 mild to moderate pain, and >4 severe pain. In an exploratory preliminary study prior to the intervention, a mean (SD) crying time of 19.80 (21.14) seconds was observed. In order to detect a difference of 10 seconds in crying time, the investigators calculated that a sample size of 71 patients per group would be required in order to draw conclusions with a CI 95% and a power of 80%. Patients will be enrolled if their parents agree to and sign a written informed consent. Demographic (sex, gestational age, birth weight, age in hours at the time of frenotomy) and clinical variables (HR and satO2 before, during, and after the procedure, whether there is crying or not during the procedure, length of crying time in seconds, presence of side effects during the procedure (apnea, desaturation, others) and highest NIPS score within the first 5 minutes after the procedure) will be recorded. The independent variable will be the use of inhaled lavender essential oil (LEO) or the use of inhaled vanilla essential oil during frenotomy. The dependent variables will be: HR and satO2 pre and post procedure, presence of crying and duration, hours of life at the time of the frenotomy, and the NIPS score. The controlled variables will be: gestational age, sex, and birth weight.

Healthcare providers assess for the presence of ankyloglossia as part of the routine neonatal evaluation and offer a frenotomy to all tongue-tied patients. The examiner grades the ankyloglossia based on Coryllos's criteria and the Hazelbaker tool to assess its impact on tongue movement and on breastfeeding. A lingual frenulum is symptomatic if it scores 8 points or less in appearance and/or 11 points or less in function according to Hazelbaker. Advice and help with positioning and attachment for breastfeeding is provided to all the mothers by IBCLC (International Board Certified Lactation Consultant) nurses. During the study period, if a patient with a type 3 tongue-tie is identified, the patient's parents will be offered to participate in this study. Accepted patients will be allocated into case (vanilla essential oil) or control (LEO) group by simple random sampling using the program OxMAR (Online Minimization and Randomization for Clinical Trials).

During the frenotomy the neonate will be taken to the neonatal unit and monitored with a pulse-oximeter (COVIDIEN Nellcor Portable SpO2 Patient Monitoring System PM10N, Covidien Ireland Limited, IDA Business & Technology Park, Tullamore, Ireland) before, during and after the procedure. For both groups the neonates will de swaddled, administered 1 mL of oral sucrose, and allowed to suck for 2 minutes prior to the procedure. The control group will have a 7 x 7 cm gauze pad with 1 drop of 100% pure LEO (Pranarôm España S.L.) placed 2 cm under their nose for 2 minutes prior to starting the frenotomy and during the procedure. The case group will have a 7 x 7 cm gauze pad with 1 drop of 100% pure vanilla essential oil (Pranarôm España S.L.) placed 2 cm under their nose for 2 minutes prior to starting the frenotomy and during the procedure. The bottle of both essential oils has a dropper that always dispenses the same amount of oil per drop. The procedure will not start until the patient is calm and has a NIPS score of 0. Frenotomy will be performed by one of the three staff neonatologists using Coryllos' technique: placing a sterile groove director under the tongue straddling the frenulum, holding the frenulum in place with visualization of tongue base and frenulum, and snipping the frenulum with a scissor along the underside of the tongue to its base just proximal to the genioglossus muscle, until a full release is achieved. Once the procedure is completed, the gauze pad will be removed and vital signs recorded, as well as whether the baby cried or not, the seconds crying lasted, and the post procedure NIPS score on a data collection sheet. If a neonate cries, calming techniques such as holding, swaddling, and sucking will be employed. Following the frenotomy, the neonate will be returned to the mother for breastfeeding.

Statistical analysis: Quantitative variables (gestational age, birth weight, age at frenotomy, heart rate pre and post-procedure, increase in heart rate postprocedure, oxygen saturation pre and post-procedure, decrease in oxygen saturation post-procedure, and duration of crying) will be described using the mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval (CI); case vs control groups will be compared with a Student's t test. Sex, the presence of crying, and adverse effects between the two groups will be presented in percentages and will be compared using Fisher's exact test. NIPS scores between cases and controls will be compared with the Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test. Statistical significance will be set for a p <0.05. To perform statistical analyses, the investigators will use STATA version 15.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA).

Our hospital Ethics Committee (CEIm-PSMAR) will approve this study (reference code: 2021/9731/I). Prior to patient enrollment, the investigators will obtain a signed informed consent from the neonate's parents. This study will be conducted according to the ethics code of the Barcelona Medical Association and the principles of the Helsinki-Fortaleza Declaration 2013.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

142

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

1 second to 2 weeks (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Healthy full-term neonates born at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona, Spain), or less than 15 days old who had been discharged and returned for the frenotomy, who underwent a frenotomy for type 3 tongue-ties according to Coryllos classification and the Hazelbaker tool during the study period

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Refusal of the patient's parents to participate

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Control
The neonate will be taken to the neonatal unit and monitored with a pulse-oximeter before, during and after the procedure. We will swaddle it, will administer 1 mL of oral sucrose, let the newborn suck for 2 minutes prior to the procedure, and will have a 7 x 7 cm gauze pad with 1 drop of 100% pure LEO (Pranarôm España S.L.) placed 2 cm under the nose for 2 minutes prior to starting the frenotomy and during the procedure.
Dietary supplement: Control (use of inhaled lavender essential oil)
Use of inhaled lavender essential oil during frenotomy for a tongue-tie
Experimental: Case
The neonate will be taken to the neonatal unit and monitored with a pulse-oximeter before, during and after the procedure. We will swaddle it, will administer 1 mL of oral sucrose, let the newborn suck for 2 minutes prior to the procedure, and will have a 7 x 7 cm gauze pad with 1 drop of 100% pure vanilla essential oil (Pranarôm España S.L.) placed 2 cm under the nose for 2 minutes prior to starting the frenotomy and during the procedure.
Dietary supplement: Case (use of inhaled vanilla essential oil)
Use of inhaled vanilla essential oil during frenotomy for a tongue-tie

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Crying length
Time Frame: Up to 5 minutes post-procedure
Crying length after the frenotomy in seconds
Up to 5 minutes post-procedure
NIPS score
Time Frame: Up to 5 minutes post-procedure
Neonatal Infant Pain Score value (0-7). NIPS evaluates facial expression, crying, breathing pattern, arm and leg position, and state of arousal on a scale from 0 to 7, where 0-2 means no pain to mild pain, 3-4 mild to moderate pain, and >4 severe pain.
Up to 5 minutes post-procedure
Increase in heart rate
Time Frame: Up to 5 minutes post-procedure
Increase in heart rate pre/post-procedure (beats per minute)
Up to 5 minutes post-procedure
Decrease in oxygen saturation
Time Frame: Up to 5 minutes post-procedure
Decrease in oxygen saturation (%)
Up to 5 minutes post-procedure

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Parc de Salut Mar

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Silvia Maya-Enero, Ph.D., M.D., Hospital del Mar

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Anticipated)

May 10, 2021

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

December 9, 2021

Study Completion (Anticipated)

December 31, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 27, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 29, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

April 30, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 30, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 29, 2021

Last Verified

April 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2021/9731/I

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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