Translation and Cross -Cultural Validation of ECOS-16 Questionnaire in Urdu Language

June 15, 2022 updated by: Riphah International University

Translation of ECOS-16 Questionnaire in Urdu Language; Validity and Reliability Analysis in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia

Osteopenia is a clinical term to define the declined Bone Mineral Density (BMD) as per the normal reference values but not low enough to meet osteoporotic diagnostic criteria. A Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone scan is used to diagnose decreased BMD. Osteopenia is, as described by the World Health Organization (WHO), a score ranging from -1 to -2.5, whereas Osteoporosis is diagnosed with values less than - 2.5. The risk of a decrease in BMD doubles as a woman goes into Menopause.

The objective of this study will be to determine the effects of Kinect-based virtual reality training on BMD, fracture risk, physical function and Quality of life in postmenopausal women with Osteopenia. The aim of the present study is to translate the ECOS-16 Questionnaire into Urdu Language along with validation of the translated versions by evaluating its validity and reliability in the Postmenopausal women of Pakistan with Osteopenia or Osteoporosis and understanding Urdu Language. No such study has been previously conducted in the Pakistan region which translates the specific questionnaire and follows the proper cross-culture adaptation protocol.

Study Overview

Detailed Description

ECOS-16 was developed to evaluate the quality of life in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. It is a brief, straightforward, self-administered questionnaire containing 16 easy-to-score items, 4 of which are taken from OQLQ and the remaining 12 taken from the Questionnaire of the QUALEFFO-41 . The 16 items are further divided into four subscales: pain (5 items), physical functioning (5 items), illness-related fear (2 items), and psychosocial functioning (4 items). Each question related to these items has five response options, ranging from 1 to 5, where 5 represents the worst quality of life score. ECOS-16 provides both subscale domain scores and an overall score. ECOS-16 questionnaire, originally developed in English, has been translated into many languages to assess for its validity and reliability ever since, but Urdu version is not developed or tested. Previous studies have shown that the translation of the scale would end up giving a standard measure to be utilized in clinical practices and research studies while sanctioning clinicians and specialists to share information and have an insight into patient's health-related concerns of Osteoporosis. The reliability and validity of the ECOS-16 have been well documented by the developers of the instrument Thus, it is imperative to translate this questionnaire into psychometrically tested Urdu version. This may promote an easy understanding of the local population in Pakistan where the Urdu language is spoken and will provide a valid measure of Quality of life to be clinically utilized by practitioners and researchers across the country.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

80

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

    • Punjab
      • Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, 54000
        • Saima Riaz

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

46 years to 68 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Postmenopausal women diagnosed with Osteoporosis and Osteopenia , clinically stable, between age 48-70 years and able to read and complete the Urdu version of ECOS-16 Questionnaire. Women having any condition mentioned in exclusion criteria will not be included in the study.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Postmenopausal women who can speak and understand the Urdu language
  • Osteopenic with Lumbar spine or femur T-score between -1 to -2.5
  • Osteoporotic with Lumbar spine or femur T-score less than -2.5.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Impairment of communicative and sensorial functions
  • Impaired Cognition
  • Unstable angina
  • disease requiring oxygen therapy and Symptomatic orthostatic hypotension
  • Hypertension in poor pharmacologic control (diastolic >95 mmHg, systolic >160 mmHg)
  • Neurological disorders

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Other
  • Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
ECOS-16 Quality of Life Questionnaire
Time Frame: 6 Months
ECOS-16 evaluates the quality of life in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. It is a brief, straightforward, self-administered questionnaire containing 16 easy-to-score items. The 16 items are further divided into four subscales: pain (5 items), physical functioning (5 items), illness-related fear (2 items), and psychosocial functioning (4 items). Each question related to these items has five response options, ranging from 1 to 5, where 5 represents the worst quality of life score. ECOS-16 provides both subscale domain scores and an overall score. Its translation is to be done in the local languages of Pakistan through a rigorous and approved process.
6 Months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Reliability of Urdu translated version
Time Frame: 6 Months
To determine reliability of cross-culturally adapted and the Urdu translated version of ECOS-16 in postmenopausal women with Osteoporosis/Osteopenia. Reliability or reproducibility refers to the ability of a measure to produce the same results when administered at two or more intervals between different visits of the patient.
6 Months
Validity of Urdu Translated version
Time Frame: 6 Months
To determine validity of cross-culturally adapted and the Urdu translated version of ECOS-16 in postmenopausal women with Osteoporosis/Osteopenia. Validity is how accurate the tool measures an item it is supposed to. Thus these both are to be measured through various parameters to validate the translated version as appropriate and applicable.
6 Months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

March 15, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

March 25, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

May 25, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 23, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 4, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

May 5, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

June 21, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 15, 2022

Last Verified

June 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • REC/Lhr/21/1102/A Saima Riaz

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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