Stress Levels and Mental Well-Being Among Students During e-Learning

Stress Levels and Mental Well-Being Among Polish, Slovakian and Lithuanian Students During E-learning

Introducing restrictions on human contact has been effective in preventing the uncontrolled spread of COVID-19, however, it appears to have negatively impacted mental health. Psychological problems in different age groups occur with different intensity and duration of the pandemic. This study was aimed to assess the impact of introducing distance learning (e-Learning) on the stress levels and mental well-being among Polish, Slovak and Lithuanian Students.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Depression; Anxiety
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Stress Levels and Mental Well-Being assessment

Detailed Description

The COVID-19 pandemic has had the effect of accelerating changes in educational processes around the world. It resulted in a rapid conversion from face-to-face to online classes. This has disrupted the regular pattern of education and standard practices that have been followed for many years. It is a big organizational challenge for the academics but most importantly for the students. Remote learning has resulted in long-term social isolation and limitations in interaction with peers. It has also been noted that about 30% of students have symptoms of depression and increased levels of perceived stress, which during the COVID-19 pandemic affects about 50% of young people. Many factors have an impact on this condition, besides the epidemic situation, the social mood and the numerous restrictions, the prolonged time spent online and the reduced level of physical activity have an additional negative impact on their mental health. Due to the dynamic situation of the pandemic, there is a lack of current studies on the mental state of young people especially in the context of ongoing e-learning. Therefore, it was decided to investigate what is the prevalence of depressive disorders and the level of perceived stress during the ongoing remote learning in the group of students of 8 European Universities among Poland, Slovakia and Lithuania.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 4870

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Lithuania
  • Kaunas, Lithuania, 44221
    • Lithuanian Sports University
• Poland
  • Częstochowa, Poland, 42-200
    • Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa
  • Opole, Poland, 45-758
    • Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology
  • Wrocław, Poland, 50-254
    • The University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw
• Slovakia
  • Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, 874 05
    • Slovak Medical University in Bratislava
  • Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, 974 01
    • Matej Bel University
  • Košice, Slovakia, 042 00
    • Technical University of Košice
  • Nitra, Slovakia, 949 01
    • Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 26 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Students participating in active learning

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Students attending the course cycle

Exclusion Criteria:

• Inability to self-complete the research questionnaires;
• Psychiatric or psychological treatment, likewise taking medications that affect the psyche during the research project;

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Students from 8 European Universities, regardless of field of study and academic year; At the beginning of the summer semester of the 2020/2021 academic year, stress levels as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed in students at four universities.	Diagnostic test: Stress Levels and Mental Well-Being assessment; At the beginning of the summer semester of the 2020/2021 academic year, stress levels as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed in students at four universities.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Perception of Stress Questionnaire (PSQ)	The Perception of Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) is a 27-item scale scoring from 1 to 5 for each item. 21 items examine the level of stress in the area of emotional tension, external stress and intrapsychic stress, and 6 items refer to the lie scale. The global scoring for perception of stress ranges from 21 to 105 with a cut-off point of 60 for high level of perceived stress. The higher the score, the greater the sense of stress. PSQ will be performed at the beginning and after four weeks of treatment.	20 minutes
Beck's Depression Inventory	The BDI-II is a tool used to determine the degree of intensity of depressive symp-toms. The 21-item questionnaire consists of two parts: emotional and somatic. Depending on the number of points obtained, the severity of depression can be assessed. A range of 0-10 points indicates no depression, 11-27 indicates moderate mood disorder, and 28 indicates major depressive disorder. The cutoff for dividing patients into depressive and non-depressive subgroups was a score of 10, following the guidelines given by Beck et al.	20 minutes
Authors' survey	The survey contains five sections on the impact of e-learning on various aspects of life. The survey responses were structured on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 to 5, where 1 refers to "strongly disagree" statement and 5 to "definitely agree". Questions were grouped into areas: Social life (3 questions), Education skills (4 questions), Eco-nomic field (2 questions), Nutrition habits and drugs (2 questions). The questionnaire showed satisfactory reliability with a Cronbach alpha of 0.82.	10 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: The Opole University of Technology
• Investigators: Study Director: Joanna Szczepańska-Gieracha, Prof, The University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw; Principal Investigator: Anna Rutkowska, PhD, The Opole University of Technology

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 15, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 1, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): April 30, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 13, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 13, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): June 15, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 15, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 13, 2021
• Last Verified: June 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: depression; COVID-19; anxiety; e-Learning
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Depression
• Other Study ID Numbers: COVID_International

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No