Effectiveness of Adacel Vaccination in Pregnancy at Preventing Pertussis in Infants < 2 Months of Age in the United States

Effectiveness of Adacel Vaccination in Pregnancy at Preventing Pertussis in Infants < 2 Months of Age in the United States (US)

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Adacel against pertussis disease in infants < 2 months when administered during pregnancy following the current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations, i.e., from 27 to 36 weeks of gestation, and 14 days or more before delivery.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Not applicable / dataset analysis

Detailed Description

The original study included cases recorded from 01 January 2011 through 31 December 2014, based on retrospective case-control methodology.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 462

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• France
  • Lyon, France, 69007
    • Sanofi Pasteur

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 2 days to 2 months (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Infants between 2 days to < 2 months of age for whom a case of pertussis was reported to one of 6 Emerging Infection Program (EIP) network sites included in the original Skoff et al. study (in 2017) and their respective control infants, for the study period.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Cases were included if they met the following inclusion criteria:

• Reported pertussis disease in the referenced EIP surveillance database
• Age greater than 2 days and younger than two months of age
• Resided in the catchment area on date of onset of their cough
• Born in a hospital in their state of residence
• ≥ 37 weeks of gestation at birth
• Not adopted, in foster care or living in a residential care facility
• Completed maternal interview
• Completed infant and maternal information

Controls were included if they met the following inclusion criteria:

• Age greater than 2 days and younger than 2 months of age on date of cough onset for the corresponding case infant
• Resided in the catchment area on date of cough onset for the corresponding case infant
• Born in a hospital in their state of residence
• ≥ 37 weeks of gestation at birth
• Not adopted, in foster care or living in a residential care facility
• Maternal interview completed
• Infant and maternal information complete

Exclusion Criteria:

Cases were excluded if they met any of the following exclusion criteria:

• Vaccination status of the mother unknown
• Infants whose mothers were vaccinated with Boostrix or an unknown vaccine brand

Controls were excluded if they met any of the following exclusion criteria:

• Vaccination status of the mother unknown
• A pertussis diagnosis prior to the cough onset date of the corresponding case infant
• Controls that were matched to Boostrix or an unknown brand cases

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Pertussis Case Group; Infants between 2 days to less than 2 months of age for whom a case of pertussis was reported (laboratory confirmed pertussis, epidemiological linkage to a laboratory-confirmed case and/or clinically compatible illness) and who met case inclusion criteria. This post-hoc analysis was limited to infants born of mothers vaccinated with Adacel or who did not receive any tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine.	Other: Not applicable / dataset analysis; Not applicable / dataset analysis
Control Group; Infants born at the same hospital as the case-infant who were less than 2 months old on the case-infant's cough onset date, and who met control inclusion criteria. This post-hoc analysis was limited to infants born of mothers vaccinated with Adacel or who did not receive any Tdap vaccine.	Other: Not applicable / dataset analysis; Not applicable / dataset analysis

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of pertussis cases in infants less than 2 months and matched controls	Vaccine effectiveness at preventing pertussis in infants less than 2 months of age was estimated using conditional logistic regression.	During the data collection period (from 01 January 2011 to 31 December 2014)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of pertussis cases requiring hospitalization in infants less than 2 months and matched controls	Vaccine effectiveness at preventing pertussis requiring hospitalization was estimated using conditional logistic regression	During the data collection period (from 01 January 2011 to 31 December 2014)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Skoff TH, Blain AE, Watt J, Scherzinger K, McMahon M, Zansky SM, Kudish K, Cieslak PR, Lewis M, Shang N, Martin SW. Impact of the US Maternal Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccination Program on Preventing Pertussis in Infants <2 Months of Age: A Case-Control Evaluation. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 29;65(12):1977-1983. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix724.
• Vargas-Zambrano JC, Clark LR, Johnson DR, Monfredo C, Pool V, Li L, Bouvet PE, Blangero Y, Macina D. Prenatal tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine effectiveness at preventing infant pertussis. Vaccine. 2023 Apr 7:S0264-410X(23)00342-0. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.048. Online ahead of print.
• Finnegan SL, Harrison OK, Booth S, Dennis A, Ezra M, Harmer CJ, Herigstad M, Guillaume B, Nichols TE, Rahman NM, Reinecke A, Renaud O, Pattinson KTS. The effect of d-cycloserine on brain processing of breathlessness over pulmonary rehabilitation: an experimental medicine study. ERJ Open Res. 2023 Apr 3;9(2):00479-2022. doi: 10.1183/23120541.00479-2022. eCollection 2023 Mar.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 2, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 4, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): October 4, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 7, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 7, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): September 10, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 13, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 11, 2023
• Last Verified: April 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Bordetella Infections; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Infections and Mycoses; Whooping Cough
• Other Study ID Numbers: TD500059

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: Qualified researchers may request access to patient level data and related study documents including the clinical study report, study protocol with any amendments, blank case report form, statistical analysis plan, and dataset specifications. Patient level data will be anonymized and study documents will be redacted to protect the privacy of trial participants. Further details on Sanofi's data sharing criteria, eligible studies, and process for requesting access can be found at: https://vivli.org

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No