BMAC on PCL Scaffold for Ridge Augmentation

Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate(BMAC) on 3D Printed Polycaprolactone (PCL) Scaffold for Ridge Augmentation of Horizontal Alveolar Defects in Aesthetic Zone (Clinical Case Series Study)

BMAC is used on 3D printed PCL scaffold for horizontal ridge augmentation in aesthetic zone , BMAC contains MSCs which can differentiate in osteogenic medium into osteoblasts which can lay down bone

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Edentulous Alveolar Ridge; Bone Loss in Jaw
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: BMAC on PCL Scaffold

Detailed Description

Alveolar bone defects were classified according to their morphology and pattern of bone loss into Class I where buccolingual loss occurs while maintaining the vertical height( Horizontal defect), Class II where vertical bone loss occurs with no buccolingual width loss (Vertical defect) and Class III where combination of vertical and horizontal bone loss occurs . These defects require augmentation before implant placement, several techniques were approached including autogenous and non autogenous bone grafting , Guided bone regeneration (GBR), ridge splitting and distraction osteogenesis. Bone grafts used with these techniques are categorized into : autografts, allografts , xenografts and alloplasts.

Autogenous bone is considered to be the gold standard in grafting because it is osteogenic in nature, osteoinductive , osteoconductive and immunologically safe The autogenous bone can be harvested intraorally from the chin area, mandibular ramus, retromolar area, maxillary tuberosity, Coronoid process, zygomatic bone or palatal and mandibular tori if present . Intraoral harvesting has the advantage of good access and no need for hospitalization but the main disadvantage is the donor site morbidity and the small amount of harvested bone. Extraoral harvesting sites include the ilium, calvarium, ribs, tibia and fibula. Extraoral harvesting solved the problem of the limited amount of harvested bone graft but the main disadvantages are the need of hospitalization, performing the harvesting procedure under general anesthesia and high morbidity due to the second surgical site Recently, tissue engineering has been used for bone regeneration so called bone tissue engineering (BTE) which aims to combine the progenitor cells to differentiate into osteoblasts, growth factors needed for regenerative process and osteoconductive scaffolds for therapeutic applications. BTE involves harvesting osteogenic cells from an autologous harvesting site ( bone marrow or adipose tissue) and/or ex vivo amplification and seeding the scaffold with cells for in vivo implantation aiming to replicate the properties of autogenous bone and decrease the need for invasive harvesting Bone marrow contains a heterogenous population of progenitor cells such as Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC),hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and endothelial progenitor cells in addition to several growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-b), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-7, which are known to have anabolic and anti-inflammatory effects. Concentration of the mononuclear cell fraction (MNC) of bone marrow aspirate ( which includes MSCs) by density gradient centrifugation process to remove erythrocytes, granulocytes, platelets and immature myeloid precursors to form Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMAC) is considered important step in BTE. .

Many clinical studies proved the use of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate for treatment of osseous defects and cartilage defects due to the ability of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondroblasts or adipocytes.

The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly biologically competent as they possess the ability to adhere on plastic (scaffolds) in vitro, form colony forming fibroblasts (CFU) and differentiate into mesenchyme lineages ( adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, tenocytes, myocytes) in addition to their potential of self renewal and promotion of hematopoiesis. Also, they suppress alloresponse after transplantation .

Scaffolds are support structures used in tissue engineering to allow 3D growth of cells in an organized way and can be classified into natural (such as collagen plug) , synthetic aliphatic polyesters such as polycaprolactone (PCL), polyglycolic acid (PGA) and polylactic acid (PLA) and their copolymers and derivatives and composite scaffold which are made by combining bioceramics with polymers or xenogenic biomaterials together with bioceramics or polymers .

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 7
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Cairo, Egypt, 12311
    • Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 50 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient who require horizontal ridge augmentation in the aesthetic zone (Maxillary anterior and premolar area) with defect size of one or two lost teeth.
• Patients in the age range of 18 years and above.
• ASA physical status I and II.
• Patients willing to be a part of the study and ready to give their consent in writing for the same.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Local criteria:

  • Untreated gingivitis, periodontitis.
  • Insufficient oral hygiene.
  • Previous radiation therapy the head and neck neoplasia, or bone augmentation to implant site.

Systemic criteria:

• Systemic disorders.
• Smoking.
• Bone pathology.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intervention Group; Ridge augmentation of horizontally deficient alveolar ridge in aesthetic zone by BMAC on PCL scaffold	Procedure: BMAC on PCL Scaffold; Horizontal ridge augmentation in aesthetic zone by using bone marrow aspirate concentrate on PCL scaffold

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Bone Width gain	The width of the augmented alveolar ridge measured from the Cone Beam Computed Tomography in millimeters	6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percentage of bone formation in the bone biopsy	Bone biopsy is obtained after 6 months and subjected to histomorphometric analysis	6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Cairo University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Seibert JS. Reconstruction of deformed, partially edentulous ridges, using full thickness onlay grafts. Part I. Technique and wound healing. Compend Contin Educ Dent (Lawrenceville). 1983 Sep-Oct;4(5):437-53. No abstract available.
• Dominici M, Le Blanc K, Mueller I, Slaper-Cortenbach I, Marini F, Krause D, Deans R, Keating A, Prockop Dj, Horwitz E. Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy. 2006;8(4):315-7. doi: 10.1080/14653240600855905.
• Chahla J, Dean CS, Moatshe G, Pascual-Garrido C, Serra Cruz R, LaPrade RF. Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate for the Treatment of Chondral Injuries and Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review of Outcomes. Orthop J Sports Med. 2016 Jan 13;4(1):2325967115625481. doi: 10.1177/2325967115625481. eCollection 2016 Jan.
• Jager M, Jelinek EM, Wess KM, Scharfstadt A, Jacobson M, Kevy SV, Krauspe R. Bone marrow concentrate: a novel strategy for bone defect treatment. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2009 Jan;4(1):34-43. doi: 10.2174/157488809787169039.
• Cotter EJ, Wang KC, Yanke AB, Chubinskaya S. Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate for Cartilage Defects of the Knee: From Bench to Bedside Evidence. Cartilage. 2018 Apr;9(2):161-170. doi: 10.1177/1947603517741169. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
• McAllister BS, Haghighat K. Bone augmentation techniques. J Periodontol. 2007 Mar;78(3):377-96. doi: 10.1902/jop.2007.060048.
• Sanz M, Dahlin C, Apatzidou D, Artzi Z, Bozic D, Calciolari E, De Bruyn H, Dommisch H, Donos N, Eickholz P, Ellingsen JE, Haugen HJ, Herrera D, Lambert F, Layrolle P, Montero E, Mustafa K, Omar O, Schliephake H. Biomaterials and regenerative technologies used in bone regeneration in the craniomaxillofacial region: Consensus report of group 2 of the 15th European Workshop on Periodontology on Bone Regeneration. J Clin Periodontol. 2019 Jun;46 Suppl 21:82-91. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13123.
• Seibert JS. Reconstruction of deformed, partially edentulous ridges, using full thickness onlay grafts. Part II. Prosthetic/periodontal interrelationships. Compend Contin Educ Dent (Lawrenceville). 1983 Nov-Dec;4(6):549-62. No abstract available.
• Shanbhag S, Suliman S, Pandis N, Stavropoulos A, Sanz M, Mustafa K. Cell therapy for orofacial bone regeneration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2019 Jun;46 Suppl 21:162-182. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13049.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 15, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 1, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 15, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 4, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): February 15, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 21, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 18, 2026
• Last Verified: January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Ridge augmentation, BMAC , PCL
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Stomatognathic Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Tooth Diseases; Mouth, Edentulous
• Other Study ID Numbers: BMAC 3D PCL

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No