Interactive Alcohol Decision-Making Programs

Testing the Efficacy of Interactive Alcohol Decision-Making Program

This project aims to develop a maximally effective, computer-delivered brief intervention (CDBI) for reducing heavy alcohol use. More specifically, the investigators will examine outcomes of different versions of a CDBI in which the presence/absence of empathic statements, the gender of the narrator, the presence/absence of a narrator backstory, and the use/non-use of motivational interviewing techniques are systematically manipulated using a factorial design. Participants (352 heavy drinkers) will be randomly assigned to 1 of 16 intervention conditions, representing all combinations of the 4 variables being manipulated. The investigators hypothesize that there will be significant main effects of all four factors being manipulated on (a) subjective reactions to the CDBI and (b) alcohol outcomes at 1-month follow-up

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Heavy Drinking
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Empathic Statements/Reflections; Behavioral: Male Narrator; Behavioral: MI Techniques; Behavioral: Female Narrator; Behavioral: Narrator Backstory

Detailed Description

The National Survey on Drug Use and Health estimates that 19.3 million individuals ages 12 and over met criteria for an alcohol use disorder in the past year, fully 87.4% of whom neither received any treatment in the past 12 months, nor wanted it. Recognition of this tremendous gap has led to efforts, both nationally and internationally, to implement proactive screening and brief intervention. Brief interventions have proven efficacious in reducing unhealthy drinking with effect sizes in meta-analyses ranging from small to moderate. Brief interventions are also uniquely applicable to non-treatment-seeking populations, who may refuse extended treatment but accept a minimal, opportunistic intervention. However, the public health impact of brief interventions has been limited by substantial difficulty with implementation. Further, positive overall findings in meta-analyses obscure the results of multiple rigorous efficacy trials showing no brief intervention effect on alcohol use. Both of these issues-the implementation challenges and the inconsistency in outcomes-suggest that changes are needed before brief alcohol interventions can meet their full potential.

Technology offers exciting potential in both respects. First, computer-delivered brief interventions (CDBIs) can be presented inexpensively, with perfect fidelity, and without the need for training or provider time. Second, their replicability, flexibility, and modularity makes them the perfect platform for (a) isolating the active ingredients that are associated with positive outcomes; and thereby (b) continually optimizing CDBIs to achieve cumulative increases in efficacy.

The overall goal of this research is to develop a maximally effective and replicable CDBI for reducing heavy alcohol use. To accomplish this, the investigators will use the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST), an efficient method for optimizing intervention content that uses factorial designs to evaluate main and interaction effects of specific intervention components. The selection of components will be guided by: (a) Common Factors Theory, which highlights the tremendous contribution of relational factors, such as empathy, alliance and positive regard to therapy outcomes, but which is of unknown relevance to CDBIs; and (b) the Media Equation Theory, which suggests that people automatically respond to computers in social ways, particularly when those computers replicate human characteristics. Guided by this literature, the investigators will examine outcomes of a CDBI in which empathic statements, the gender of the narrator, the presence/absence of a narrator backstory, and the use/non-use of motivational interviewing techniques are systematically manipulated using a factorial design.

Specific aims are as follows:

1. Develop 16 distinct, time-consistent, computer-delivered sessions representing all possible combinations of the following four factors (each of which will be binary; i.e. either present vs. absent or male vs. female): (1) narrator gender, (2) empathic statements and reflections, (3) narrator backstory, and (4) use of motivational techniques.
2. Evaluate main and interaction effects of the five factors by randomly assigning 352 heavy drinkers to the 16 sessions (each of the four factors being presented to half of the participants) and evaluating (1) subjective reactions to the CDBI at baseline and (2) alcohol use at 1-month follow-up.

Hypothesis 1. Subjective reactions to the CDBI, disclosure of alcohol use and consequences, and motivation to reduce alcohol use will be higher and alcohol use at follow-up will be lower in the presence of (1) empathic statements, (2) a narrator backstory and (3) motivational techniques. The effects of narrator gender will be examined in an exploratory way (i.e., no a priori hypotheses).

Hypothesis 2. Subjective reactions will be more positive, disclosure and motivation to reduce alcohol use will be higher, and alcohol use at follow-up will be lower when the two relational factors (empathy and narrator backstory) are combined with the presence of motivational content.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 352
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Michigan
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48202
      • Wayne State University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Over age 18
• Access to the internet.
• Males must consume at least 14 drinks per week or 4 drinks per day
• Females must consume at least 7 drinks per week or 3 drinks per day

Exclusion Criteria:

• Under age 18
• No internet access
• Males who consume less than 14 drinks per week or 4 drinks per day
• Females who consume less than 7 drinks per week or 3 drinks per day

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

16

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Empathic Statements, MI, Male, No Backstory; Presence of empathic statements and MI techniques. Male narrator. No narrator backstory.	Behavioral: Empathic Statements/Reflections; Presence of Empathic Statements; Behavioral: Male Narrator; Presence of a male narrator; Behavioral: MI Techniques; Presence of MI techniques
Experimental: No Empathic Statements, No MI, Female, No Backstory; No empathic statements, MI techniques or narrator backstory. Female narrator	Behavioral: Female Narrator; Presence of a female narrator
Experimental: No Empathic Statements, No MI, Female, Backstory; No empathic statements or MI techniques. Presence of narrator backstory. Female narrator	Behavioral: Female Narrator; Presence of a female narrator; Behavioral: Narrator Backstory; Presence of a narrator backstory
Experimental: Empathic Statements, MI, Female, Backstory; Presence of empathic statements, MI techniques and narrator backstory. Female narrator	Behavioral: Empathic Statements/Reflections; Presence of Empathic Statements; Behavioral: MI Techniques; Presence of MI techniques; Behavioral: Female Narrator; Presence of a female narrator; Behavioral: Narrator Backstory; Presence of a narrator backstory
Experimental: No Empathic Statements, No MI, Male, No Backstory; No empathic statements, MI techniques or narrator backstory. Male narrator	Behavioral: Male Narrator; Presence of a male narrator
Experimental: Empathic Statements, MI, Male, Backstory; Presence of empathic statements, MI techniques and narrator backstory. Male narrator.	Behavioral: Empathic Statements/Reflections; Presence of Empathic Statements; Behavioral: Male Narrator; Presence of a male narrator; Behavioral: MI Techniques; Presence of MI techniques; Behavioral: Narrator Backstory; Presence of a narrator backstory
Experimental: No Empathic Statements, MI, Female, Backstory; Presence of MI techniques and narrator backstory. No empathic statements. Female narrator.	Behavioral: MI Techniques; Presence of MI techniques; Behavioral: Female Narrator; Presence of a female narrator; Behavioral: Narrator Backstory; Presence of a narrator backstory
Experimental: Empathic Statements, No MI, Male, No Backstory; Presence of empathic statements. No MI techniques or narrator backstory. Male narrator.	Behavioral: Empathic Statements/Reflections; Presence of Empathic Statements; Behavioral: Male Narrator; Presence of a male narrator
Experimental: No Empathic Statements, MI, Male, Backstory; Presence of MI techniques and narrator backstory. No empathic statements. Male narrator.	Behavioral: Male Narrator; Presence of a male narrator; Behavioral: MI Techniques; Presence of MI techniques; Behavioral: Narrator Backstory; Presence of a narrator backstory
Experimental: Empathic Statements, No MI, Female, No Backstory; Presence of empathic statements. No MI techniques or narrator backstory. Female narrator.	Behavioral: Empathic Statements/Reflections; Presence of Empathic Statements; Behavioral: Female Narrator; Presence of a female narrator
Experimental: Empathic Statements, MI, Female, No Backstory; Presence of empathic statements and MI techniques. Female narrator. No narrator backstory.	Behavioral: Empathic Statements/Reflections; Presence of Empathic Statements; Behavioral: MI Techniques; Presence of MI techniques; Behavioral: Female Narrator; Presence of a female narrator
Experimental: No Empathic Statements, No MI, Male, Backstory; Presence of narrator backstory. No empathic statements or MI techniques. Male narrator.	Behavioral: Male Narrator; Presence of a male narrator; Behavioral: Narrator Backstory; Presence of a narrator backstory
Experimental: Empathic Statements, No MI, Female, Backstory; Presence of empathic statements and narrator backstory. No MI techniques. Female narrator.	Behavioral: Empathic Statements/Reflections; Presence of Empathic Statements; Behavioral: Female Narrator; Presence of a female narrator; Behavioral: Narrator Backstory; Presence of a narrator backstory
Experimental: Empathic Statements, No MI, Male, Backstory; Presence of empathic statements and narrator backstory. No MI techniques. Male narrator.	Behavioral: Empathic Statements/Reflections; Presence of Empathic Statements; Behavioral: Male Narrator; Presence of a male narrator; Behavioral: Narrator Backstory; Presence of a narrator backstory
Experimental: No Empathic Statements, MI, Female, No Backstory; Presence of MI techniques. No empathic statements or narrator backstory. Female narrator.	Behavioral: MI Techniques; Presence of MI techniques; Behavioral: Female Narrator; Presence of a female narrator
Experimental: No Empathic Statements, MI, Male, No Backstory; Presence of MI techniques. No empathic statements or narrator backstory. Male narrator.	Behavioral: Male Narrator; Presence of a male narrator; Behavioral: MI Techniques; Presence of MI techniques

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Quantity and Frequency of Alcohol Use	The Timeline Followback Questionnaire (TLFB) will be given to assess past month alcohol use.	Given pre-intervention and at 1-month follow-up
Change in Alcohol-Related Consequences	Assessed with the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire which assess the occurrence/ non-occurrence of 24 alcohol consequences.	Given pre-intervention and at 1-month follow-up
Participant Satisfaction with the Intervention	Fifteen item measure assessing how much participants liked the intervention and felt respected by it.	Given immediately after completing the intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Wayne State University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Emily Grekin, PhD, Wayne State University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 1, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): April 1, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 19, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 26, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): May 31, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 6, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 4, 2023
• Last Verified: June 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Motivational Interviewing; Alcohol; Common Factors; Factorial Design
• Other Study ID Numbers: 22-01-4352

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No