Probiotic on Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease

A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Study Comparing the Effects of Probiotic Adjuvant Therapy on the Improvement of Lung Function and Blood Sugar in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease

This trial is a randomized, double-blind, parallel placebo clinical trial, the purpose of which is to investigate whether the adjuvant therapy of using probiotics during the treatment of diabetic patients can decrease blood sugar levels significantly in comparison with placebo, and observe if the reduced lung function could be recovered in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) simultaneously.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Type 2 Diabetes
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Placebo; Dietary supplement: L. salivarius AP-32 and L. reuteri GL-104; Dietary supplement: L. reuteri GL-104

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 30
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Tainan, Taiwan, 74442
    • Glac Biotech Co., Ltd.

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 50 years to 85 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects are between 50-85 years old, and clinical diagnosis of T2DM (HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or oral glucose tolerance test 2-hour plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL).
• Patients with stable pulmonary obstruction (pulmonary function FEV1/FVC <0.7) with symptoms of pulmonary obstruction.
• Subjects can cooperate with the collection of experimental specimens and return for regular visits.
• The patient or family members have signed the informed consent form.
• The patient must receive adjuvant treatment with probiotic for 12 weeks.

Exclusion Criteria:

• The patient or caregiver is unable to follow the physician's instructions for the trial, including the completed symptom assessment form and compliance with medication.
• The patient has a history of related allergic reactions, or the use of other highly sensitive or contraindicated drugs (Allergy to antibiotics or antipyretics).
• The patient have taken oral immunosuppressive drugs, intravenous steroids or T cell inhibitor ointments within the past 2 weeks.
• The patient has consumed probiotic-related products (including drops, lozenges, capsules, powder and yogurt) within the past 1 month.
• The patient received high doses of steroids within the past 1 month.
• The patient with active infection or severe pulmonary disease (eg, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, or fibrosis).
• The patient is receiving treatment for a major disease or congenital disease.
• The patient is not suitable to participate in the trial as assessed by the professional physician.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Placebo Comparator: Placebo	Dietary supplement: Placebo; Subjects take one pack containing maltodextrin twice daily after breakfast and dinner.
Experimental: L. salivarius AP-32 and L. reuteri GL-104	Dietary supplement: L. salivarius AP-32 and L. reuteri GL-104; Subjects take one pack containing L. salivarius AP-32 and L. reuteri GL-104 twice daily after breakfast and dinner.
Experimental: L. reuteri GL-104	Dietary supplement: L. reuteri GL-104; Subjects take one pack containing L. reuteri GL-104 twice daily after breakfast and dinner.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes in concentration of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).	Changes in concentration of HbA1c were assessed before and after 4-, 12-week intervention.	Before and after 4-, 12-week intervention.
Changes in ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC).	Changes in ratio of FEV1/FVC were assessed by bronchodilator test before and after 4-, 12-week intervention.	Before and after 4-, 12-week intervention.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes in concentration of fasting blood sugar.	Changes in concentration of fasting blood sugar were assessed before and after 4-, 12-week intervention.	Before and after 4-, 12-week intervention.
Changes in concentration of immune cytokines.	Changes in concentration of immune cytokines were assessed before and after 4-, 12-week intervention.	Before and after 4-, 12-week intervention.
Changes in scores of modified medical research council (mMRC).	Changes in scores of mMRC were assessed before and after 4-, 12-week intervention. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 4. A higher score means more difficult breathing.	Before and after 4-, 12-week intervention.
Changes in scores of COPD assessment test (CAT).	Changes in scores of CAT were assessed before and after 4-, 12-week intervention. The minimum score is 0 and the maximum score is 40. A higher score means more seriously affect life.	Before and after 4-, 12-week intervention.
Changes of the composition in gut microbiota.	Changes of the composition in gut microbiota were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) before and after 12-week intervention.	Before and after 12-week intervention.
Changes of the composition in lower respiratory tract microbiota.	Changes of the composition in lower respiratory tract microbiota were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) before and after 12-week intervention.	Before and after 12-week intervention.
Changes of concentration in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) on plasma.	Changes of concentration in SCFA on plasma were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry before and after 12-week intervention.	Before and after 12-week intervention.
Changes of concentration in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) on stool.	Changes of concentration in SCFA on stool were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry before and after 12-week intervention.	Before and after 12-week intervention.
Changes in scores of modified Bristol stool form scale.	Changes in scores of modified Bristol stool form scale were assessed before and after 4-, 12-week intervention. The questionnaire included the stool form [1 = very hard (small hard lumps), 2 = hard stool (hard sausage shape), 3 = normal stool (sausage to banana shape), 4 = soft stool, 5 = muddy stool, 6 = watery stool], ease of defecation (1 = difficult, 2 = easy, 3 = very easy) and abdominal symptoms [frequency of upper abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, borborygmus, and flatulence (1 = frequent, 2 = occasional, 3 = almost never)].	Before and after 4-, 12-week intervention.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Glac Biotech Co., Ltd

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 19, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 15, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): December 31, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 1, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 4, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): August 8, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 27, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 25, 2026
• Last Verified: March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Probiotics; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Gut microbiota; Diabetes mellitus
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Endocrine System Diseases; Pathologic Processes; Chronic Disease; Disease Attributes; Metabolic Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Lung Diseases; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes Mellitus
• Other Study ID Numbers: EMRP12110N

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No