Biomechanical Properties of the Lumbar Paravertebral Muscles

September 28, 2025 updated by: Mohamed Gamal Abouelyazeed Ali, South Valley University

Quantification of Different Lumbar Paravertebral Muscles Properties in Women Who Experienced Cesarean Delivery Under Different Types of Anaesthesia

Cesarean delivery (CD) is an obstetric surgery for fetal delivery that involves both an abdominal incision (laparotomy) and a uterine incision (hysterotomy). It is presently the most prevalent surgery in the United States, with over 1 million women giving birth by cesarean section each year.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The anaesthetic types of choice for cesarean delivery are neuraxial and general anaesthesia.

Neuraxial anesthesia is the gold standard anaesthesia for CD; it includes spinal and epidural anaesthesia. For spinal anaesthesia, local anesthetics are injected into the spinal canal, while for epidural anaesthesia, they are injected into the epidural space.

Despite the superiority of neuraxial anaesthesia for cesarean delivery, general anesthesia is still performed to some extent especially when neuraxial anaesthesia is failed or inconsistent.

General anesthesia involves a transient state of unconsciousness through the administration of inhaled anesthetic gases combined with intravenous drugs.

LBP patients showed changes in their neuromuscular activity, reduction in the lumbar muscle flexibility, and alteration of the biomechanical properties of the lumbar muscles.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

63

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Egypt
    • Qena Governorate
      • Qina, Qena Governorate, Egypt, 83523
        • Faculty of physical therapy, South Valley University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 35 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

N/A

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Sixty-three women participated in this study and were recruited from South Valley University Teaching Hospitals, in Qena governorate, Egypt.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. All women gave birth through a cesarean delivery.
  2. All women either primiparous or multiparous have not had anaesthesia (epidural, spinal, or general) for at least one year prior to the last obstetric anaesthesia.
  3. Their ages ranged from 18 to 35 years.
  4. All participants had a body mass index (BMI) of not more than 30, and a waist-to-hip ratio of not more than 1.
  5. Participants were assessed between the 6th week to the 12th week postnatal.
  6. All participants were able to continue all assessment procedures.
  7. They were medically stable.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Women who delivered through vaginal delivery.
  2. Women who delivered through cesarean delivery, but the used anaesthetic technique was the paramedian approach for either the epidural or spinal anaesthesia.
  3. Women with urinary tract infections.
  4. Women who were below 18 years old or above 35 years old.
  5. Women who had a (BMI) above 30 or a waist-to-hip ratio above 1.
  6. Women who did not continue all assessment procedures.
  7. Women who had any specific low back pain as women who were diagnosed with lumbar disc prolapse, scoliosis, or spondylolisthesis.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Cohort
  • Time Perspectives: Retrospective

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Group A
9 participants have exposed to midline epidural anaesthesia for cesarean delivery.
Device: Myoton PRO device (MyotonPRO; Myoton AS, Tallinn, Estonia)
The MyotoPRO device is a portable objective device for measuring the contractile (tone), and biomechanical (stiffness) properties of lumbar paravertebral muscles (LPVMs).
Other Names:
  • Myotonometry
Group B
22 participants have exposed to midline spinal anaesthesia for cesarean delivery.
Device: Myoton PRO device (MyotonPRO; Myoton AS, Tallinn, Estonia)
The MyotoPRO device is a portable objective device for measuring the contractile (tone), and biomechanical (stiffness) properties of lumbar paravertebral muscles (LPVMs).
Other Names:
  • Myotonometry
Group C
10 participants underwent general anesthesia for cesarean delivery.
Device: Myoton PRO device (MyotonPRO; Myoton AS, Tallinn, Estonia)
The MyotoPRO device is a portable objective device for measuring the contractile (tone), and biomechanical (stiffness) properties of lumbar paravertebral muscles (LPVMs).
Other Names:
  • Myotonometry
Group D
22 participants were in the control group (no previous pregnancy or anaesthesia).
Device: Myoton PRO device (MyotonPRO; Myoton AS, Tallinn, Estonia)
The MyotoPRO device is a portable objective device for measuring the contractile (tone), and biomechanical (stiffness) properties of lumbar paravertebral muscles (LPVMs).
Other Names:
  • Myotonometry

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Lumbar paravertebral muscle frequency (tone)
Time Frame: Assessment will be done 6-12 weeks after the use of anaesthesia for Cesarean section by the MyotonPRO device
Tone is a contractile property of a muscle which describes the resting muscle's resistance to passive and active stretch forces
Assessment will be done 6-12 weeks after the use of anaesthesia for Cesarean section by the MyotonPRO device
Lumbar paravertebral muscle stiffness
Time Frame: Assessment will be done 6-12 weeks after the use of anaesthesia for Cesarean section by the MyotonPRO device
Stiffness is a biomechanical property of a muscle and its connective tissue which refers to the tissue's resistance toward the deformation of external load
Assessment will be done 6-12 weeks after the use of anaesthesia for Cesarean section by the MyotonPRO device

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

South Valley University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 28, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

January 29, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

January 29, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

August 13, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 13, 2022

First Posted (Actual)

August 17, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

October 2, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 28, 2025

Last Verified

April 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • Lumbar Paravertebral muscles

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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