Pain and Anxiety Reduction Using a Vibrating Eye Massage Device With Relaxing Nature Sounds

Evaluating Acceptance and Efficacy of an Eye Massage Device in Reducing Pain and Anxiety During Dental Anesthesia in Children.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptance of an eye massage device that produces nature sounds and vibratory stimulations in the management of anxious pediatric patients during inferior alveolar nerve block

Group A (Control group): inferior alveolar nerve block will be administrated with basic behavior guidance techniques and without distraction aids.

Group B: inferior alveolar nerve block will be administrated with the usage of the eye massage device producing both vibrations and nature sounds

Group C: inferior alveolar nerve block will be administrated with the eye massage device producing vibratory stimulations only.

All of the children who experienced an inferior alveolar block with/without distraction will be assessed by using a combination of measures: Wong-Baker faces and the Children's Fear Scale (self-report), heart pulse rate and blood pressure (physiological), and behavior (using Anxiety levels using Face - Legs - Activity - Cry - Consolability "FLACC" scale "external evaluator") Acceptance will be measured using a two-point Likert scale.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Anesthesia, Local; Dental Anxiety; Behavior, Child
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Evaluation of the effectiveness of eye massage device producing both vibrations and nature sounds distraction in the management of anxious pediatric patients during inferior alveolar nerve.; Behavioral: Evaluation of the effectiveness of eye massage device producing vibratory stimulations distraction in the management of anxious pediatric patients during inferior alveolar nerve.; Behavioral: Evaluation of the effectiveness of basic behavior guidance techniques without using any type of distraction aids in the management of anxious pediatric patients during inferior alveolar nerve.

Detailed Description

This study will evaluate the effectiveness and acceptance of a distraction aid that produces both vibratory and natural sound stimulations. pain and anxiety will be assessed during inferior alveolar nerve block using four behavioral scales, Wong-Baker pain scale and Children's Fear Scale (self-report), pulse rate and blood pressure (physiological), and behavior (using FLACC behavior rating scale "external evaluator".

Heart pulse rate measurement will be recorded firstly when the patient is seated comfortably on the dental chair, during anesthesia, and finally, after the procedure is done and the child patients will be asked to choose a face that describes their status from one of both Wong Baker faces scale and Children's Fear Scale.

Blood pressure will be recorded before, during, and after anesthesia. Body responses of all child patients will be recorded during the whole procedure and then will be evaluated by an external evaluator to determine the children's behavioral score according to the FLACC scale.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 105
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Syrian Arab Republic
  • Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
    • Damascus University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 8 years to 10 years (CHILD)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. age between 7 and 9 years.
2. no previous dental experience.
3. definitely positive or positive ratings of Frank scale.
4. Need of IAN block for any dental treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. previous dental experience
2. systematic or mental disorders.
3. definitely negative or negative ratings of Frankel scale
4. Any contraindication for regional anesthesia

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: SINGLE

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Distraction using eye massage device producing both vibrations and nature sounds.	Behavioral: Evaluation of the effectiveness of eye massage device producing both vibrations and nature sounds distraction in the management of anxious pediatric patients during inferior alveolar nerve.; The child will be provided inferior alveolar nerve during eye massage device producing both vibrations and nature sounds. Children will be assessed by using a combination of measures: Wong-Baker faces and the Children's Fear Scale (self-report), heart pulse rate and blood pressure (physiological), and behavior (using Anxiety levels using Face - Legs - Activity - Cry - Consolability "FLACC" scale "external evaluator"). Acceptance will be measured using a two-point Likert scale
EXPERIMENTAL: Distraction using eye massage device producing vibratory stimulations only.	Behavioral: Evaluation of the effectiveness of eye massage device producing vibratory stimulations distraction in the management of anxious pediatric patients during inferior alveolar nerve.; The child will be provided inferior alveolar nerve during eye massage device producing vibratory stimulations. Children will be assessed by using a combination of measures: Wong-Baker faces and the Children's Fear Scale (self-report), heart pulse rate and blood pressure (physiological), and behavior (using Anxiety levels using Face - Legs - Activity - Cry - Consolability "FLACC" scale "external evaluator"). Acceptance will be measured using a two-point Likert scale
OTHER: Using basic behavior guidance techniques and without using any type of distraction aids.	Behavioral: Evaluation of the effectiveness of basic behavior guidance techniques without using any type of distraction aids in the management of anxious pediatric patients during inferior alveolar nerve.; The child will be provided inferior alveolar nerve during eye massage device producing vibratory stimulations. Children will be assessed by using a combination of measures: Wong-Baker faces and the Children's Fear Scale (self-report), heart pulse rate and blood pressure (physiological), and behavior (using Anxiety levels using Face - Legs - Activity - Cry - Consolability "FLACC" scale "external evaluator"). Acceptance will be measured using a two-point Likert scale

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pain levels	Pain levels will be measured by using a self-reported simplified Wong-Baker faces pain scale: 0 no Hurt - 1 Hurts little Bit - 2 Hurts little More - 3 Hurts Even More - 4 Hurts Whole Lot - 5 Hurts Worst	5 minutes following the inferior alveolar nerve block injection.
Anxiety levels	This will be evaluated using the Face-Legs-Activity-Cry-Consolability (FLACC) scale (0 low anxiety and pain level - 10 high anxiety and pain level).	1 minute during inferior alveolar nerve block administration.
Anxiety levels	This will be evaluated using Children's Fear Scale (0 indicating 'no anxiety' and 4 indicating 'extreme anxiety').	five minutes following the inferior alveolar nerve block injection

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pulse rate	Pulse rate (the number of times your heart beats each minute bpm will be evaluated using Finger Pulse Oximeter.	(1) five minutes after the patient is seated comfortably on the dental chair, (2) five minutes following the injection of the anesthetic drug
Blood pressure	Blood pressure (millimeters of mercury mmHg) will be evaluated using a Wrist Digital Blood Pressure Monitor.	(1) five minutes after the patient is seated comfortably on the dental chair, (2) five minutes following the injection of the anesthetic drug

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Damascus University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Canbulat N, Ayhan F, Inal S. Effectiveness of external cold and vibration for procedural pain relief during peripheral intravenous cannulation in pediatric patients. Pain Manag Nurs. 2015 Feb;16(1):33-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2014.03.003. Epub 2014 Jun 7.
• Crego A, Carrillo-Diaz M, Armfield JM, Romero M. Dental fear and expected effectiveness of destructive coping as predictors of children's uncooperative intentions in dental settings. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2015 May;25(3):191-8. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12126. Epub 2014 Jul 22.
• Attar RH, Baghdadi ZD. Comparative efficacy of active and passive distraction during restorative treatment in children using an iPad versus audiovisual eyeglasses: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015 Feb;16(1):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s40368-014-0136-x. Epub 2014 Nov 22.
• Buxton RT, Pearson AL, Allou C, Fristrup K, Wittemyer G. A synthesis of health benefits of natural sounds and their distribution in national parks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Apr 6;118(14):e2013097118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2013097118.
• Shilpapriya M, Jayanthi M, Reddy VN, Sakthivel R, Selvaraju G, Vijayakumar P. Effectiveness of new vibration delivery system on pain associated with injection of local anesthesia in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2015 Jul-Sep;33(3):173-6. doi: 10.4103/0970-4388.160343.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): June 15, 2022
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): October 15, 2022
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): January 25, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 17, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 21, 2022
• First Posted (ACTUAL): October 24, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): February 9, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 7, 2023
• Last Verified: February 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Distraction; Eye massage device; Vibratory stimulation; Nature sounds
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Anxiety Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: UDDS-Pedo-04-2022

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No