Infant Pain During Vaccination and Maternal Anxiety

The Effect of Two Different Methods on Infant Pain During Vaccination and Maternal Anxiety: a Randomized Controlled Study

This research was planned to determine the effect of two different methods on infant pain during vaccination and mother anxiety.The study was planned as a randomized controlled trial. The universe of this research consists of parents and their babies who come to Hocabey Family Health Center in Erzincan Center to receive the hepatitis B dose between these dates according to the vaccination calendar. In this study, it is planned to apply shotblocker and lullaby.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Vaccine Reaction
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: shotblocker; Behavioral: lullaby

Detailed Description

Type of Study The study was planned as a randomized controlled trial. Population and Sample The universe of this research consists of parents and their babies who come to Hocabey Family Health Center in Erzincan Center to receive the hepatitis B dose between these dates according to the vaccination calendar.

Data Collection Tools Demographic Data Form, Neonatal Pain Scale and State Anxiety Scale Newborn Infant Pain Scale (NIPS): The scale used in the assessment of newborn pain consists of 6 categories. It was developed in 1993 and its validity and reliability in our country was made in 1999. The score obtained from the scale varies between 0-7. Scale ; It consists of five behavioral indicators including facial expression, arm movement, leg movement, crying, alertness, and a physiological indicator that includes breathing.

State Anxiety Inventory: The State Anxiety Scale was developed in 1970, and its Turkish validity and reliability study in our country was conducted in 1994. There are a total of 40 statements in the scale. The first twenty items measure the level of anxiety related to the situation, and each statement is "Not at all" (1), "Somewhat" (2), "Very"(3), "Totally"(4). Reverse coded items; Items 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, 20. Points are added and subtracted according to the reverse and direct coded items in the scale. He states that 0-19 points obtained from the scale mean no anxiety, 20-39 points mean mild, 40-59 points mean moderate, 60-79 points mean severe anxiety, and individuals with a score of 60 and above need professional help.

Data Collection Ethics and institutional permissions After the data is received, it will be explained to the participants that the confidentiality of the data will be protected, that personal information will not be requested, that the study is on a voluntary basis, and they will be informed that they can terminate the study at any time. Adolescents who agree to participate in the study will fill in the data collection form, which will take approximately 10 minutes, based on personal notification.

Experimental process In this study, it is planned to apply shotblocker and lullaby. Shotblocker application is not a drug application, it is a small apparatus that performs the blocking process on peripheral nerves to reduce the pain with protruding shape. There is no harm in the application. Another application planned in the study is lullaby. In this application, it is aimed to reduce the baby's pain, which is the painful process, by making the mother who is closest to the baby sing a lullaby. It is very important to compare these two methods. Namely; The effectiveness of two natural and artificial applications will be compared. The fact that this study has not been done before will also provide an important data source to the literature. The planned study will be conducted with 30 lullabies, 30 shotblockers, and 30 babies who come to Hocabey Family Health Center to receive their 6th month Hepatitis B dose and their mothers as a control group to help measure the effectiveness of these two groups. In order to reduce the variables in the application, the nurse who performed the application will be kept constant. For the preliminary application, the principal researcher will be at the center for 1 week and will make observations.

Analysis of the data The data will be evaluated as a result of statistical analyzes using the SPSS package program in computer environment. Descriptive statistics will be displayed as numbers, percentages, and mean±standard deviation. Skewness and Kurtosis values will be checked if the data is suitable for normal distribution. ±1.5 will be taken as the normal distribution limit value. Chi-square test, variance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis will be used in the analysis of the variables. Statistical significance level will be accepted as p˂0.05 in all analyzes.

Research Ethics During the collection of research data, the principle of informed consent, the principle of respect for autonomy and the protection of confidentiality and confidentiality will be followed.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 90
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Center
    • Erzurum, Center, Turkey, 25240
      • Ataturk University Nursing of Faculty

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 1 month to 6 months (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• The child does not have a disorder in the cognitive developmental area.
• It is time to apply the hepatitis B vaccine of the 6th month.
• Parent giving consent to participate in the study voluntarily and for their child to participate.

Exclusion Criteria:

• The child has a disorder in the cognitive developmental area.
• Failure to apply the 6th month hepatitis B vaccine.
• Parent's voluntarily participating in the study and not giving consent for the child's participation.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: shotblocker; infant pain during vaccination and mother anxiety	Behavioral: shotblocker; infant pain during vaccination and mother anxiety
Experimental: lullaby; infant pain during vaccination and mother anxiety	Behavioral: lullaby; infant pain during vaccination and mother anxiety
No Intervention: CONTROL; not infant pain during vaccination and mother anxiety

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Newborn Infant Pain Scale (NIPS)	The scale used in the assessment of newborn pain consists of 6 categories. It was developed in 1993 and its validity and reliability in our country was made in 1999. The score obtained from the scale varies between 0-7. Scale ; It consists of five behavioral indicators including facial expression, arm movement, leg movement, crying, alertness, and a physiological indicator that includes breathing.	9 MONTHS
State Anxiety Inventory	The State Anxiety Scale was developed in 1970, and its Turkish validity and reliability study in our country was conducted in 1994. There are a total of 40 statements in the scale. The first twenty items measure the level of anxiety related to the situation, and each statement is "Not at all" (1), "Somewhat" (2), "Very"(3), "Totally"(4). Reverse coded items; Items 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, 20. Points are added and subtracted according to the reverse and direct coded items in the scale. She states that 0-19 points obtained from the scale mean no anxiety, 20-39 points mean mild, 40-59 points mean moderate, 60-79 points mean severe anxiety, and individuals with a score of 60 and above need professional help.	9 MONTHS

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Ataturk University
• Investigators: Study Director: ARZU SARIALİOĞLU, PHD, Ataturk University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 25, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 13, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): December 22, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 25, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 25, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): October 28, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 13, 2025
• Last Verified: June 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: E-88012460-050.01.04-208074

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: THE ARTICLE IS INTENDED TO BE SHARED AFTER IT IS PUBLISHED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No