Neurological Recovery Following NOS-SACD

July 22, 2025 updated by: Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Longitudinal Assessment of Neurological Recovery in Patients Following Nitrous Oxide Abuse

Nitrous oxide has become an increasingly popular recreational drug amongst young people, particularly at festivals, nightclubs and parties. Considering the drug is not illegal to possess, has low cost in the form of 'whippets' and can be easily purchased online, it has become the second most commonly used recreational drug amongst people aged 16-24 in the UK. However, nitrous oxide is known to irreversibly inactivate the functioning of vitamin B12, a vitamin required for the maintenance and proper functioning of nerves in the spinal cord. Neurological symptoms in this population have been reported in around 3.4% of nitrous oxide users, although the true incidence is expected to be higher as the cases being reported by UK hospitals continues to rise.

Patients may present with adverse neurological symptoms like tingling, weakness, coordination and mobility problems. Currently, studies reviewing the functional recovery of these patients have been limited by a retrospective study design, short follow up duration and being limited to small cohort sizes. This is in part linked to patient non-compliance and non-attendance at follow-up appointments. The investigators will therefore prospectively recruit all patients presenting with these symptoms and continue to collect data relating to their neurological recovery for 12 months. Data collection will be remote to ensure it is of low burden to the participants. This will allow the investigating team and others to fully appraise the severity of these toxic neuropathies and understand how best to manage their follow up.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study will take place in selected participating hospitals, including their acute neurology units and emergency departments. Participants presenting to their GP will be referred per standard clinical care with the acute neurology units for study inclusion review. Ideally in all cases the investigating team would prefer for participants to be in hospitals (either directly through A&E or being referred by their GP to the acute neurology service) at the time of study inclusion and for the baseline visit to ensure standard clinical care data can be collected (including MRI, bloods and treatment information including how many Vitamin B12 injections are given at admission and throughout their recovery). Care will be taken over by the neurology team where possible and standard clinical practice for participants with NOS induced neurological damage will be managed and treated as per their own local guidelines. Patients identified to the research team with consultant confirmed NOS-induced neuropathy but have left hospital can still be considered for the study but oral consent will be asked of these participants.

Baseline visit: participants who remain in hospital at the time of study invite will have their concomitant medications, comorbidities and a neurological assessment reviewed in person, blood and MRI results will also be collected from the routine tests that have been performed whilst in hospital. Participants not in the hospital at this point will have this information assessed where possible via the telephone or obtained from their medical records. Individuals without blood or MRI data will not be excluded from the study providing they meet the inclusion criteria.

At the point of consent (written or verbal), recruited participants details (NHS number, name and mobile number) will be securely shared with the coordinating Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust center. The Nottingham researcher will then add new participants to the PsychoPy platform which is the University of Nottingham spinoff company that allows remote clinical trial assessments. Each time a participant is added, the platform will automatically generate follow up dates for when each of the subsequent visits are due (baseline visit, 1-month, 3- month, 6-month and 12-month). The Nottingham coordinating team will generate a specific link from this platform each time a participant visit is due, the link will then be sent via text messaging from the coordinating centre to the participants mobile phone. These links can be opened and the visits completed from anywhere provided the participant has internet connection. The content of the visits will include: demographic [baseline visit only], NOS quantification, basic finger tapping task, cognitive function tasks, health questionnaire assessing participants ability to perform simple daily activities, the overall neuropathy limitations scale and the average step count for the last 7-days.

The coordinating team will continue to monitor completed and outstanding visits for all participants and where uncompleted, will send out reminder text messages to the participants.

Our pragmatic approach to perform only remote follow ups was based on the already previously reported high DNA rate in this patient population. All patients will participate in a total of 5 remote visit assessments over the 12-month period.

A nested qualitative sub-study is being led by Professor Alastair Noyce and Dr Laura Smith, based at Queen Mary University of London. Semi-structured interviews will be undertaken with participants taking part in the longitudinal cohort study, who have agreed to be contacted about allied research opportunities. Interviews will cover their lived experiences of using NOS, any mental health difficulties experienced, and explore any links between these two areas. Participants will also be asked about any treatment accessed for NOS usage and mental health difficulties, and explore the barriers and facilitators to engagement with treatment. We will collect qualitative data at any point after the participant has provided informed consent for the qualitative sub-study.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

100

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • United Kingdom
      • Birmingham, United Kingdom
        • Recruiting
        • University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
        • Contact:
      • London, United Kingdom
        • Recruiting
        • Barts Health NHS Trust
        • Contact:
      • Manchester, United Kingdom
        • Recruiting
        • Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

16 years to 30 years (Child, Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

NOS induced neurological symptoms may present with either a.) severe neurological impairment to warrant A&E admission, or b.) milder symptoms which may present to primary care. The investigators team therefore propose recruitment pathways based either on A&E or GP referral. Participants will be invited to the neurology team in order for them to coordinate the care according to local practices.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Any patient first presented with paraesthesia, weakness, ataxia or gait disturbance with a history of NOS use (age limit 16-40) as of 19/08/2024
  • Patients who can read and write in English, so that they can complete the questionnaires.
  • Patients must have received a definitive consultant neurologist confirmed diagnosis of NOS-induced neurological damage. This is possible as all eligible patients will have been reviewed by the neurology team prior to study involvement.

Exclusion Criteria:

•Other causes of previous neuropathy or neurodegeneration indicated.

Qualitative Interview Study:

  • Patients currently taking part in the longitudinal study.
  • Patients who report previously (clinical history) or currently (PHQ-2, clinical history) experiencing mental health difficulties.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Confirmed diagnosis of NOS-induced neurological damage

Any patient first presented with paraesthesia, weakness, ataxia or gait disturbance with a history of NOS use (age limit 16-40) as of 19/08/2024.

Patients who can read and write in English, so that they can complete the questionnaires.
Other: Observational study with no interventions
This is an observational study and there will be no clinical interventions.
Other Names:
  • Observational Study

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Improvement in finger tapping task, baseline to month 12
Time Frame: 12 months
To determine whether patients with NOS-induced neurological damage recover their dexterity function over a 12-month period.
12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Improvement in cognitive function task, baseline to month 12
Time Frame: 12 months
To determine whether patients with NOS-induced neurological damage recover their cognitive function over a 12-month period.
12 months
Improvement in step counts, baseline to month 12
Time Frame: 12 months
To determine whether patients with NOS-induced neurological damage recover their average weekly step counts over a 12-month period.
12 months
Improvement in I-RODS and ONLS, baseline to month 12
Time Frame: 12 months
To determine whether patients with NOS-induced neurological damage recover their neuropathy and general health scores over a 12-month period.
12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Collaborators

Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust
Barts & The London NHS Trust
University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

August 19, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

August 19, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

August 19, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 18, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 2, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

February 6, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 22, 2025

Last Verified

July 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 22NS021

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

IPD Plan Description

The study team have not yet established a plan to share IPD.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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