Effects of Adding L-BAIBA or L-BAIBA + Grains of Paradise to Exercising Adult Overweight and Obese Men and Women (GOP)

Effects of Adding L-BAIBA or L-BAIBA + Grains of Paradise to Exercising Adult Overweight and Obese Men and Women on Changes in Body Composition, Resting Metabolic, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

The goal of this intervention study is to examine changes in body composition, weight loss, and cardio-metabolic risk factors after adding supplementation of L-Beta aminoisobutyric acid (L-BAIBA) and Grains of Paradise to exercise in overweight and obese men and women. Participants will supplement for 8 weeks and complete a 8 week exercise protocol.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Body Weight; Weight Loss; Obese; Cardiometabolic Syndrome
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Exercise

Detailed Description

This study will be conducted using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group design. Eligible study participants will be randomly assigned to one of three supplementation groups: placebo (resistant starch) supplementation + exercise group, 500 mg BAIBA supplementation + exercise group, and a 500 mg BAIBA supplementation + 40 mg Grains of Paradise + exercise group. After signing an IRB-approved consent form, prospective participants will be scheduled for a screening visit where they will have their eligibility finalized through completion of a peak VO2 assessment using a motorized treadmill and metabolic cart. Eligible participants will then be fully explained the study and scheduled for a baseline testing session (week 0). Prior to scheduling this visit, participants must complete a 4-day food record. Once a food record is completed, participants will observe an overnight fast and be scheduled to complete the testing session between the hours of 0600 - 1000 hours. Upon arrival, changes in medical status, medications, and dietary supplements will be confirmed before having their body mass and hemodynamics assessed. After hemodynamic assessment, participants will have the first of two resting metabolic rate measurements completed before having a venous blood sample collected for evaluation of health markers (complete blood counts, comprehensive metabolic panels, and lipid panels). Participants will then use an electronic tablet and complete the Profile of Mood States and visual analog scales to evaluate perceptions of energy, focus, attention, hunger, appetite, and concentration. Participants will then be given their daily dose and a timer will be started. From there, participants will have their waist circumference, body water (BIS), and body composition (DEXA) assessed. After completion of these, participants will then wait in the laboratory until an hour has passed and will have a second resting metabolic rate measurement completed. After the second resting metabolic rate measurement, participants will have a second venous blood sample collected to evaluate changes in glycerol. All participants will be given instructions and meal plans as well as be offered weekly educational sessions on how to restrict calories and meet protein goals throughout the study protocol. Participants will complete five days per week of exercise consisting of a mixture of walking and resistance training. Daily compliance to the exercise and supplementation groups will be monitored weekly for an 8-week period. Participants who complete at least 80% of their assigned workouts will be considered compliant and will be scheduled for follow-up visits after 2, 4, and 8 weeks of supplementation.

Participants will be asked to follow an 8-10 hour dry fast and to refrain from caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and exercise (excluding the 30 min daily walk) for 24 hours prior to each study visit.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 37
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Missouri
    • Saint Charles, Missouri, United States, 63301
      • Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants who are between 18 - 60 years of age
• Body mass index values will range from >25.0 to < 32.0 kg/m2, making them qualified as an overweight-to-obese population (https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/educational/lose_wt/BMI/bmicalc.htm)
• Average body mass index for entire study cohort will be less than 30.0 kg/m2. As such an ongoing calculation of the recruited cohort's mean body mass index will be maintained and people will only be randomized into the study if the average cohort body mass index value does not exceed 30.0 kg/m2
• Free-living/uninhibited with use of ambulatory assistive devices (e.g. canes, crutches, walkers, etc.) and independent
• In good health absent of being overweight or mildly obese with no other signs or symptoms of cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, immune, psychiatric, or musculoskeletal disease or disorders
• Willingness to maintain consistent sleep duration the evening before study visits
• Willing and able to agree to the requirements and restrictions of this study, be willing to give voluntary consent, and carry out all study-related procedures
• Able to complete a peak oxygen consumption exercise test with no contraindications to perform exercise per standards put forth by the American
• College of Sports Medicine. In other words, they are able to safety complete maximal exercise.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Positive medical history and/or is currently being treated for some form of heart disease, cardiovascular disease
• Currently being treated for kidney disease, renal failure, or has dialysis performed on regular intervals
• Has liver disease or some form of clinically diagnosed hepatic impairment
• Diagnosed with having Type I or Type II diabetes (determined as fasting blood glucose > 126 mg/dL)
• Diagnosed with or is being treated for some form of thyroid disease
• Diagnosed with major affective disorder or other psychiatric disorder that required hospitalization in the prior year
• Diagnosed with some form of immune disorder (i.e., HIV/AIDS)
• History of cancer (except localized skin cancer without metastases or in situ cervical cancer within 5 years prior to screening visit).
• Participant has an abnormality or obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract precluding swallowing (e.g., dysphagia) and digestion (e.g., known intestinal malabsorption, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic pancreatitis, steatorrhea)
• Positive medical history for any neurological condition or neurological disease
• Currently prescribed a statin drugs (i.e., Lipitor, Livalo, Crestor, Zocor, etc.) or any hypertension medications (i.e., Beta-blockers, ACE Inhibitors, Alpha blockers, Vasodilators, etc.)
• Current smoker (average of > 1 pack per day within the past 3 months) or has quit within the past six months. This includes all forms of nicotine
• Intake of any drugs (prescribed or over the counter) or dietary supplements that are known or are purported to weight loss such as thermogenics, hydroxycitric acid, ephedra, capsaicin, etc.
• Participants who are lactating, pregnant or planning to become pregnant
• Have a known sensitivity or allergy to any of the study products
• History of alcohol or substance abuse in the 12 months prior to screening
• Receipt or use of an investigational product in another research study within 30 days of beginning the study protocol
• They plan major changes in lifestyle (i.e., diet, dieting, exercise level, travel, etc.) during the study
• Recent history (<3 months) of exercise training or weight loss (> 5%)
• Any orthopedic limitation that would prevent participation in a general fitness program
• Any condition or abnormality that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise the safety of the participant or the quality of the study data

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Resistant starch	Dietary supplement: Exercise; 8 week exercise training program - consisting of weight training and cardiovascular exercise; Other Names: Exercise training
Experimental: 500 mg BAIBA supplementation	Dietary supplement: Exercise; 8 week exercise training program - consisting of weight training and cardiovascular exercise; Other Names: Exercise training
Experimental: 500 mg BAIBA supplementation + 40 mg Grains of Paradise	Dietary supplement: Exercise; 8 week exercise training program - consisting of weight training and cardiovascular exercise; Other Names: Exercise training

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Fat Mass (4-Compartment)	Changes in fat mass using a 4 compartment model	8 Weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Lean mass (4-Compartment)	changes in lean mass using a 4 compartment model	8 weeks
Waist circumference	Changes in waist circumference	8 weeks
Visceral Fat (DEXA)	Changes in Visceral Fat (DEXA)	8 weeks
Lean:Fat Ratio (DEXA)	Changes in Lean:Fat Ratio (DEXA)	8 weeks
Body Mass	Changes in Body Mass	8 weeks
Serum Glycerol	Changes in Serum Glycerol Levels	8 weeks
Fasting glucose	Changes in Fasting glucose	8 weeks
Complete Blood Count	Changes in Complete Blood Count	8 weeks
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel	Changes in Comprehensive Metabolic Panel	8 weeks
Lipid Panel	Changes in Lipid Panel	8 weeks
Self-reported adverse events	Occurrences of Self-reported adverse events	8 weeks
Hunger and appetite visual analog scale	Changes in Hunger and appetite visual analog scale. Minimum score is 0. Maximum score is 100. Lower is better.	8 weeks
Energy, focus, attention, and concentration visual analog scales	Changes in Energy, focus, attention, and concentration visual analog scales. Minimum score is 0. Maximum score is 100. Higher is better.	8 weeks
Profile of mood states (POMS)	Changes in Profile of mood states (POMS) Minimum score is 0. Maximum score is 5 for each question. A higher Total Mood Disturbance score is worse, lower is better.	8 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Lindenwood University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Chad M Kerksick, PhD, Lindenwood University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Gutch M, Kumar S, Razi SM, Gupta KK, Gupta A. Assessment of insulin sensitivity/resistance. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Jan-Feb;19(1):160-4. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.146874.
• Wilson JP, Fan B, Shepherd JA. Total and regional body volumes derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry output. J Clin Densitom. 2013 Jul-Sep;16(3):368-373. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2012.11.001. Epub 2013 Jan 12.
• Smith-Ryan AE, Mock MG, Ryan ED, Gerstner GR, Trexler ET, Hirsch KR. Validity and reliability of a 4-compartment body composition model using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived body volume. Clin Nutr. 2017 Jun;36(3):825-830. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.05.006. Epub 2016 May 15.
• Layman DK, Evans E, Baum JI, Seyler J, Erickson DJ, Boileau RA. Dietary protein and exercise have additive effects on body composition during weight loss in adult women. J Nutr. 2005 Aug;135(8):1903-10. doi: 10.1093/jn/135.8.1903.
• Kerksick C, Thomas A, Campbell B, Taylor L, Wilborn C, Marcello B, Roberts M, Pfau E, Grimstvedt M, Opusunju J, Magrans-Courtney T, Rasmussen C, Wilson R, Kreider RB. Effects of a popular exercise and weight loss program on weight loss, body composition, energy expenditure and health in obese women. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2009 May 14;6:23. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-6-23.
• Kerksick CM, Wismann-Bunn J, Fogt D, Thomas AR, Taylor L, Campbell BI, Wilborn CD, Harvey T, Roberts MD, La Bounty P, Galbreath M, Marcello B, Rasmussen CJ, Kreider RB. Changes in weight loss, body composition and cardiovascular disease risk after altering macronutrient distributions during a regular exercise program in obese women. Nutr J. 2010 Nov 22;9:59. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-59.
• Kerksick CM, Roberts MD, Campbell BI, Galbreath MM, Taylor LW, Wilborn CD, Lee A, Dove J, Bunn JW, Rasmussen CJ, Kreider RB. Differential Impact of Calcium and Vitamin D on Body Composition Changes in Post-Menopausal Women Following a Restricted Energy Diet and Exercise Program. Nutrients. 2020 Mar 7;12(3):713. doi: 10.3390/nu12030713.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 11, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 1, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): October 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 7, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 7, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): March 20, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 17, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 15, 2024
• Last Verified: October 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: body composition; weight loss; cardiometabolic syndrome
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Insulin Resistance; Hyperinsulinism; Body Weight Changes; Metabolic Syndrome; Weight Loss; Overweight; Body Weight
• Other Study ID Numbers: IRB-23-28

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No