The Effect Of Laughter Therapy On Self-Efficacy

The Effect Of Laughter Therapy On Self-Efficacy And Psychological Well-Being İn Nursing Students

Brief Summary: Laughter is an innate, universal response we give to events in our lives. "Laughter Therapy" is a technique created by combining breathing techniques and laughter and takes its place in complementary medicine. It is a simulation performed by making eye contact with the members of the group, in which physical exercise and childlike games take place. Laughter sessions are about 30-40 minutes. continues and this simulation in a short time creates a real and contagious laugh. It has been determined by studies that laughter therapy physiologically increases breathing and relaxes muscles, strengthens mental function by decreasing the level of stress hormones, reduces burnout, depression and anxiety levels, positively affects quality of life, increases social interaction and provides psychological well-being.

Self-efficacy, on the other hand, is a state that expresses a person's belief that he or she is able to perform a certain task. More broadly, self-efficacy examines an individual's ability to perform a task rather than individual characteristics such as physical or psychological characteristics. Psychological well-being is as important as self-efficacy in the development of students. In addition, studies on mental health have generally focused on anxiety and depression. Most of these studies were related to well-being and contributed to the literature. Psychological well-being is defined as managing existential challenges in life.

Aim: This study was planned to determine the Effect of Laughter Therapy on Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-Being in Nursing Students.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Self Efficacy; Laughter
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: laughter therapy

Detailed Description

Method: This study will be carried out with 3rd and 4th year students studying at Sinop University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing. It is aimed to include all first-year nursing students in the study. The study will be carried out in the autumn semester of the 2023-2024 academic year. The sample of the study will be all young women studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences, meeting the inclusion criteria and agreeing to participate in the study.

Arm Title: Control Group At the beginning of the study, data collection tools Personal Information Form, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale and Psychological Well-Being Scale will be applied to the control group. No intervention will be made in the control group. Measurement tools will be applied for the post-test.

Arm Title: Experimental Group Personal Information Form, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale and Psychological Well-Being Scale will be applied to all 4th year nursing students studying at Sinop University Health Sciences in the autumn term of 2023-2024.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 80
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Sinop, Turkey
    • Sinop University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 30 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Criteria:

Inclusion Criteria:

• Study as a nursing student at the Faculty of Health Sciences where the study will be conducted,
• Being a nursing first class student,
• Volunteering to participate in the study.
• Absence of any psychological disorder

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not to study as a nursing student at the Faculty of Health Sciences where the study will be conducted,
• Not to comply with the criteria for inclusion in the study and
• Not to volunteer to participate in the study.
• Have any psychological problems

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: control group; At the beginning of the study, data collection tools Personal Information Form, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale and Psychological Well-Being Scale will be applied to the control group. No intervention will be made in the control group. Measurement tools will be applied for the post-test.
Experimental: experimental group; Arm: Experimental: experimental group Personal Information Form, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale and Psychological Well-Being Scale will be applied to all 4th year nursing students studying at Sinop University Health Sciences in the autumn term of 2023-2024. Laughter therapy session will be applied face to face for 25-30 minutes once a week for 2 months by the researcher who has the Laughter therapy certificate to the application group. Psychological Well-Being Scale and Academic Self-Efficacy Scale will be applied again after the application and in the follow-up (after the application is over).	Behavioral: laughter therapy; Laughter therapy session will be applied online for 25-30 minutes once a week for 2 months by the researcher who has the Laughter therapy certificate to the application group. In the laughter therapy session, the practices of introducing the practitioner and introducing the therapy, breathing exercises for a healthy life, keeping the rhythm accompanied by music, turning the laughter that started as if it were childlike games into reality will be carried out.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Introductory Information Form	This form consists of questions such as age, gender, distraction, loss of interest in lessons, eating problems, sleep status, stress, anxiety, fear, social media use.	one day

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Academic Self-Efficacy Scale	The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) was developed by Bulfone et al. in 2019 as 14 items and four sub-dimensions to determine the academic self-efficacy of undergraduate nursing students. Sub-dimensions of the scale 1- Intrinsic Emotion Management (items 1, 2, 3) from 3 items, 2-Automatically Controlled Behavior (items 4, 5, 6, 7) consisting of 4 items, 3-External Emotion Management (8, 9, 10) 4-Socialism (items 11, 12, 13) consists of 5 items. The items of this scale are scored with a 5-point Likert type (1=I don't trust myself at all, 5=I have a lot of confidence in myself) in response to the question "How much do you trust yourself". The score of each question varies between 1-5 and consists of positive items. The Cronbach Alpha value of the scale was obtained as 0.84.	one day

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Psychological Well-Being Scale	It was developed by Diener et al., (2010) and adapted into Turkish by Telef (2013). It is a single factor, 7-point Likert scale consisting of 8 items. The range of scores obtained varies between 8 and 56. The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient obtained in the reliability study of the scale was calculated as .80. The items of the Psychological Well-Being Scale are answered between 1 and 7, as I strongly disagree (1) to I strongly agree (7). All items are expressed positively. Scores range from 8 (strongly disagree to all items) to 56 (strongly agree to all items). A high score indicates that the person has many psychological resources and strengths.	one day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Sinop University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Yasemin Özyer, PhD, Sinop University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 5, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 5, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): January 8, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 28, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 28, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): April 10, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 1, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 29, 2024
• Last Verified: March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: self efficacy; well being; nursing student; laughter therapy
• Other Study ID Numbers: sinopUyasemin-1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No