- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT05856955
Mobile Health Management of Hypertension
Mobile Health for Enhanced Hypertension Self-Management in Underserved Urban Residents
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
The investigators will pilot test a hypertension self-management intervention for feasibility and acceptability. This is a pilot study to gain experience in enrolling and retaining patients from the identified population and collecting outcome variables. Study cohort: The investigators will enroll adults (age ≥18) with uncontrolled hypertension, identified from the electronic health record problem list and an average systolic blood pressure (BP) of 150-199 or diastolic of 95-119 mmHg at 2 ambulatory visits, 1 of which is within 6 months of study entry. These BP criteria ensure enrollment of individuals who warrant improved BP control. In this feasibility trial, the research aim is to explore trial design, participant acceptability of the intervention and outcome measures, and to generate data to inform the design of a future RCT. We will employ a validated approach to determine feasibility (e.g., acceptability, satisfaction, and practicality).
All secondary measures will be collected at baseline, 30 days, and end of intervention (90 days). These outcomes are pilot measures that will be used in a subsequent full-scale efficacy trial of the intervention.
Study protocol. Duration = 90 days. Allocation will use a randomly permuted block design. The investigators will provide smartphones and cellular subscriptions to all participants, as in their prior studies of cardiovascular disease mobile health interventions. This obviates the need for smartphone ownership or internet access. Participants randomized to the intervention group will receive the smartphone with the intervention program preloaded in addition to a BP monitor. The active comparison group will receive a smartphone with a basic health information application preloaded and a BP monitor. After recruitment, participants will receive a confirmatory interview, informed consent, and baseline device training via telephone, delivered by an experienced research assistant. Participants will be encouraged to complete 1 morning BP reading daily, irrespective of study arm, however, only the intervention group will receive reminders from the mHealth coaching intervention to check BP daily. BP readings are automatically uploaded via Bluetooth to a centralized, secure platform to be accessible to the study PI. Participants will receive $20 for the baseline telephone visit and $40 at study completion. As in the groups' prior RCTs, the final payment requires return of the smartphone.
Sample Size Justification and Recruitment. Investigators will focus on feasibility outcomes among 40 patients, following examples in the literature and guidelines for feasibility studies, which recommend against estimating preliminary efficacy or standard errors using pilot data. Nevertheless, with 40 participants, the investigators will have the ability to calculate point estimates and 95% confidence intervals with a margin of error of 0.22. The cohort of 40 will be reasonably recruited in the allotted timeframe. Culturally sensitive recruitment strategies will be employed to ensure participant diversity. In addition, participants will be recruited from outpatient clinics via HIPAA-compliant, IRB approved protocols. The investigators will deploy IRB-approved virtual recruitment strategies previously developed by the study's PI with study brochure and opt-out postcard; electronic health record screening for eligibility; telephone-based confirmatory interview, and informed consent.
Statistical Analysis. Descriptive data, such as means, standard deviations, and sample proportions, will be reported for all participants and by study arm. Data with non-normal distributions will be transformed, as needed. The primary focus will be on feasibility and acceptability as defined above. Primary outcomes will be assessed with point estimates and 95% CIs. Any between-arm differences will be examined using χ2 tests or 2-sided Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, and 2-tailed t tests for continuous variables. Continuous secondary outcomes (locus of control, resilience, BP) will be analyzed using ANCOVA comparing 90-day outcomes between arms after adjusting for baseline BP. The proportion of participants who are normotensive will be analyzed by logistic regression as a function of study arm.
Study Type
Enrollment (Anticipated)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: Amber Johnson, MD
- Phone Number: 4126476000
- Email: johnsonae2@upmc.edu
Study Locations
-
-
Pennsylvania
-
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
- University of Pittsburgh
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Adult
- Older Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Prescribed use of 1 or more antihypertensive medications
- English-speaking
- Residence in a disadvantaged neighborhood
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of malignant HTN
- Inability to comprehend the study protocol
- Institutionalized status
- Significant sensory or neurocognitive deficit
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Other
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Active Comparator: Enhanced Usual Care
The active comparison group will receive a smartphone with the WebMD® health information application preloaded and a BP monitor.
After recruitment, participants will receive a confirmatory interview, informed consent, and baseline device training via telephone, delivered by an experienced research assistant.
Participants will be encouraged to complete 1 morning BP reading daily, irrespective of study arm.
BP readings are automatically uploaded via Bluetooth to a centralized, secure platform to be accessible to the study PI.
|
Smart phone without health coach.
A basic health application is installed on the smart phone provided to the participant.
|
Experimental: Behavioral mHealth Coaching Intervention
Those randomized to the intervention group will receive a smartphone with the intervention program preloaded in addition to a BP monitor.
After recruitment, participants will receive a confirmatory interview, informed consent, and baseline device training via telephone, delivered by an experienced research assistant.
Participants will be encouraged to complete 1 morning BP reading daily, irrespective of study arm, however, only the intervention group will receive reminders from the mHealth coaching intervention to check BP daily.
BP readings are automatically uploaded via Bluetooth to a centralized, secure platform to be accessible to the study PI.
|
The intervention uses a mHealth virtual tool that facilitates human-device interaction and is delivered by smartphone application.
The program has coaching and education components that lead to chronic disease behavior change.
It has been previously validated to improve self-management, medication adherence, and quality of life in individuals with CVD.
The participant engages by selecting responses on the touch screen.
In this manner, participants converse with the coach, develop a therapeutic alliance, and record responses.
The investigators will institute behavior change methodology to enhance intervention efficacy.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Participant acceptance and adherence to program
Time Frame: 90 days
|
80% of participants receiving intervention will have strong engagement, defined by >60 logins
|
90 days
|
Participant satisfaction and usability
Time Frame: 90 days post index discharge
|
80% of participants receiving intervention will indicate talking with the coach was easy on a 7-point Likert scale (1=Easy; 7=Difficult)
|
90 days post index discharge
|
Practicality of participant self-monitoring behavior
Time Frame: 90 days
|
80% of participants receiving intervention will have recorded their BP >60 times
|
90 days
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Locus of control
Time Frame: 90 days
|
a measure of beliefs that one's health is determined by factors either intrinsic or extrinsic to one's self.
Uses the 24-item Multidimensional Health Locus of Control.
|
90 days
|
Resilience
Time Frame: 90 days
|
Resilience is an important measure given our asset-based approach signifying that some communities have good health outcomes despite having high predicted risk.
Uses Connor-Davidson Scale.
|
90 days
|
Medication Adherence
Time Frame: 90 days
|
3-item self-report adherence measure.
Uses Voil's adherence scale.
|
90 days
|
Blood pressure change
Time Frame: 90 days
|
Change in BP results from baseline to day 90.
Measured in mmHg.
|
90 days
|
Blood pressure control
Time Frame: 90 days
|
Proportion of participants with normal BP (i.e., <135/<85 mmHg) at day 90
|
90 days
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Collaborators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Amber Johnson, MD, University of Pittsburgh
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Connor KM, Davidson JR. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 2003;18(2):76-82. doi: 10.1002/da.10113.
- Moore CG, Carter RE, Nietert PJ, Stewart PW. Recommendations for planning pilot studies in clinical and translational research. Clin Transl Sci. 2011 Oct;4(5):332-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2011.00347.x.
- Bowen DJ, Kreuter M, Spring B, Cofta-Woerpel L, Linnan L, Weiner D, Bakken S, Kaplan CP, Squiers L, Fabrizio C, Fernandez M. How we design feasibility studies. Am J Prev Med. 2009 May;36(5):452-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.02.002.
- Leon AC, Davis LL, Kraemer HC. The role and interpretation of pilot studies in clinical research. J Psychiatr Res. 2011 May;45(5):626-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.10.008. Epub 2010 Oct 28.
- Sim J, Lewis M. The size of a pilot study for a clinical trial should be calculated in relation to considerations of precision and efficiency. J Clin Epidemiol. 2012 Mar;65(3):301-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.07.011. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
- Cocks K, Torgerson DJ. Sample size calculations for pilot randomized trials: a confidence interval approach. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Feb;66(2):197-201. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.09.002. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
- Kraemer HC, Mintz J, Noda A, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage JA. Caution regarding the use of pilot studies to guide power calculations for study proposals. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006 May;63(5):484-9. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.484.
- Viechtbauer W, Smits L, Kotz D, Bude L, Spigt M, Serroyen J, Crutzen R. A simple formula for the calculation of sample size in pilot studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2015 Nov;68(11):1375-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.04.014. Epub 2015 Jun 6.
- Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, Khan NA, Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, Ramirez A, Schlaich M, Stergiou GS, Tomaszewski M, Wainford RD, Williams B, Schutte AE. 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2020 Jun;75(6):1334-1357. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026. Epub 2020 May 6. No abstract available.
- Voils CI, Maciejewski ML, Hoyle RH, Reeve BB, Gallagher P, Bryson CL, Yancy WS Jr. Initial validation of a self-report measure of the extent of and reasons for medication nonadherence. Med Care. 2012 Dec;50(12):1013-9. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0b013e318269e121.
- Lakshminarayan K, Westberg S, Northuis C, Fuller CC, Ikramuddin F, Ezzeddine M, Scherber J, Speedie S. A mHealth-based care model for improving hypertension control in stroke survivors: Pilot RCT. Contemp Clin Trials. 2018 Jul;70:24-34. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.05.005. Epub 2018 May 12.
- Elgazzar R, Nolan TS, Joseph JJ, Aboagye-Mensah EB, Azap RA, Gray DM 2nd. Community-engaged and community-based participatory research to promote American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 among African American adults: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2020 Sep 1;15(9):e0238374. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238374. eCollection 2020.
- Turner-McGrievy GM, Wilson MJ, Bailey S, Bernhart JA, Wilcox S, Frongillo EA, Murphy EA, Hutto B. Effective recruitment strategies for African-American men and women: the Nutritious Eating with Soul study. Health Educ Res. 2021 Apr 12;36(2):206-211. doi: 10.1093/her/cyab003.
- Wallston KA. The validity of the multidimensional health locus of control scales. J Health Psychol. 2005 Sep;10(5):623-31. doi: 10.1177/1359105305055304.
- Taub HA, Baker MT. The effect of repeated testing upon comprehension of informed consent materials by elderly volunteers. Exp Aging Res. 1983 Fall;9(3):135-8. doi: 10.1080/03610738308258441.
- van den Born BH, Lip GYH, Brguljan-Hitij J, Cremer A, Segura J, Morales E, Mahfoud F, Amraoui F, Persu A, Kahan T, Agabiti Rosei E, de Simone G, Gosse P, Williams B. ESC Council on hypertension position document on the management of hypertensive emergencies. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2019 Jan 1;5(1):37-46. doi: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvy032. Erratum In: Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2019 Jan 1;5(1):46.
- Magnani JW, Ferry D, Swabe G, Martin D, Chen X, Brooks MM, Kimani E, Paasche-Orlow MK, Olafsson S, Bickmore T, El Khoudary SR. Design and rationale of the mobile health intervention for rural atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J. 2022 Oct;252:16-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.05.023. Epub 2022 Jun 9.
- Band R, Bradbury K, Morton K, May C, Michie S, Mair FS, Murray E, McManus RJ, Little P, Yardley L. Intervention planning for a digital intervention for self-management of hypertension: a theory-, evidence- and person-based approach. Implement Sci. 2017 Feb 23;12(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s13012-017-0553-4.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Anticipated)
Primary Completion (Anticipated)
Study Completion (Anticipated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- STUDY23040080
- K23HL165110-01A1 (Other Grant/Funding Number: NIH)
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.
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