ABO Blood Group Type Association With COVID-19 Severity

May 24, 2023 updated by: Arrowhead Regional Medical Center

ABO Blood Group Type Association With COVID-19 Severity - A Single Center Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant healthcare burden and remains a heavily researched disease entity. Originating in Wuhan, China in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 600 million individuals worldwide. ABO blood groups have been known to increase the human body's susceptibility to different pathogens, such as hepatitis B virus, MERS-COV, SARS-COV, norovirus, and malaria, to name a few. As such, the association of ABO blood groups and COVID-19 infection and disease severity has come into question.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant healthcare burden and remains a heavily researched disease entity. Originating in Wuhan, China in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 600 million individuals worldwide. ABO blood groups have been known to increase the human body's susceptibility to different pathogens, such as hepatitis B virus, MERS-COV, SARS-COV, norovirus, and malaria, to name a few. As such, the association of ABO blood groups and COVID-19 infection and disease severity has come into question.

Early reports have indicated a significant relationship of ABO blood group types to the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, the first systematic review and meta-analysis by Wu et al. in October 2020 cited that blood type A had increased risk for infection with SARS-CoV-2 and blood type O had decreased risk of infection. Another early meta-analysis by Zaidi et al. cited that blood type A had increased odds of infection, type O had decreased odds of infection, type AB had increased risk of disease severity, and type B had decreased risk of demise.

As more multi-national data became available, as a result of global concerted efforts, larger studies produced data to further investigate this connection. Overall, the majority of studies reproduced similar data: type O had decreased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2, while type A had increased risk of infection. One study in the United Kingdom failed to produce a relationship between blood types and COVID-19. As more data became available, several studies were able to study the association of blood group type with mortality and disease severity; however, the data regarding this is inconsistent. Gutierrez-Valencia et al. did not find an association with blood types and ICU admission or mechanical ventilation; however, they did note an increased risk of mortality in blood type A. Liu et al. and Pereira et al. demonstrated that there is also increased risk of mortality in blood type A. Jerico et al. noted a lower risk for ICU admission in blood type O. Goel et al. noted an increased risk of disease severity in blood type A. As evident, it seems that blood type A has increased risk of mortality and, likely, disease severity.

In this study, we aim to evaluate association of blood types with mortality and disease severity at a county hospital in Southern California. We will review charts for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during a two-year time period, evaluating mortality, oxygen requirements, and patient historical factors. Through this study, we aim to gain a better understanding of how blood group types may affect patient outcomes in the setting of COVID-19.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

599

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • Colton, California, United States, 92324
        • Arrowhead Regional Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

To evaluate blood types and their associations with COVID-19 disease severity in patients older than 18 years of age.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • At least 18 years of age
  • COVID-19 confirmed by laboratory testing (ICD10 U07.1)
  • Pneumonia due to COVID-19 (ICD10 J12.82)
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome from COVID in adults (ICD10 M35.81)
  • Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ICD10 J80)
  • Abnormal pulmonary function test (ICD10 R94.2)
  • Intensive care unit admission for COVID-19

Exclusion Criteria:

  • COVID-19 Diagnosis under 18 years of age
  • COVID in pregnancy (O98.52, O98.511, O98.512, O98.513, O98.519, O98.53)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
ABO + Group
All patient with blood type that does not include Rhesus Factor and COVID-19 Diagnosis
Other: No Intervention
Difference in outcomes in patients with COVID-19 diagnosis and ABO blood groups
ABO - Group
All patient with blood type that does not include Rhesus Factor and COVID-19 Diagnosis
Other: No Intervention
Difference in outcomes in patients with COVID-19 diagnosis and ABO blood groups

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Length of hospital stay
Time Frame: Length of total hospital stay from admission in the hospital is defined as the time frame between admission and discharge. The time frame of collection until the event occurred was 360 days.
The time spent hospitalized in days.
Length of total hospital stay from admission in the hospital is defined as the time frame between admission and discharge. The time frame of collection until the event occurred was 360 days.
Hospital Mortality
Time Frame: 28 days
Survival within the first 28 days
28 days
Discharge disposition
Time Frame: 360 days
Location of discharge after hospital course completed
360 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Arrowhead Regional Medical Center

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

November 10, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 10, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

May 10, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 15, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 15, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

May 16, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

May 26, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 24, 2023

Last Verified

May 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 22-53

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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