Cladribine Plus Homoharringtonine and Cytarabine Regimen (CHA) for de Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (CHA)

A Monocenter Prospective Single Arm Study of Cladribine Plus Homoharringtonine and Cytarabine Regimen (CHA) for Induced Therapy in Adults de Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (Non-M3)

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the response and safety of Cladribine plus Homoharringtonine and Cytarabine regimen (CHA) protocol in de novo acute myeloid leukemia with age <60y. This is a prospective, single-armed mono-center based investigator-initiated trial. About 30 patients who meet the enrollment criteria with be treated with CHA as induction chemotherapy. The complete response rate, survival rate, recurrence rate, and treatment-related mortality with be observed.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adult
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: cladribine + homoharringtonine + cytarabine

Detailed Description

In this study, a new chemotherapy regimen named CHA which composed of cladribine, homoharringtonine and cytarabine, was proposed for the induced remission treatment of adult acute myeloid leukemia, and the efficacy and safety of this regimen were evaluated. Enrolled patients will receive cladribine (5mg/m2, d1-3) + homoharringtonine (2mg/m2, d1-5) + cytarabine (100mg/m2, d1-7). If more than partial remission is achieved in the first course, a course of CHA regimen is repeated. If the first course of treatment did not achieve a partial response, or the second course of treatment did not achieve a complete response, the patient was withdrawn from the clinical study. Transplantation was stratification according to the prognostic risk stratification. Patients with favourable risk received 3 cycles of high-dose intravenous cytarabine (1-3g/m2, Q12H d1-3). Or 3 cycles of medium dose cytarabine (1.0g/m2, Q12H d1-3) combined with idarubicin (10mg/m2, d1-3) or etoposide (100mg, d1-3). Patients with intermediate risk who achieve minimal residual disease (MRD) negative in the first or second cycle can receive high-dose or intermediate-dose cytarabine chemotherapy, otherwise allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is recommended. Patients with high risk are advised to receive allogeneic HSCT, or receive high-dose or intermediate-dose cytarabine.Bone marrow samples were collected at enrollment for bone marrow cytology, flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing. The probes for targeted sequencing covered exons and selected introns of 88 myeloid leukaemia-related genes for next-generation sequencing. Bone marrow was collected on day 28 after each treatment cycle, including bone marrow cytology and measurable residual disease (MRD) assessments, for response assessment.The response assessment was evaluated according to the Revised Recommendations of the International Working Group for Diagnosis, Standardization of Response Criteria, Treatment Outcomes, and Reporting Standards for Therapeutic Trials in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. The primary study endpoint was the composite complete remission (CR) rate (CR and CR with incomplete hematology recovery, CRi), assessed in all treated populations according to the Revised Recommendations of the International Working Group for Diagnosis, Standardization of Response Criteria, Treatment Outcomes, and Reporting Standards for Therapeutic Trials in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. The secondary endpoints were minimal residual disease in bone marrow measured by flow cytometry after one cycle of induction therapy, as well as overall survival (OS), event-free survival, and adverse events, assessed in all treated populations.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 65
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Zhejiang
    • Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310003
      • The first Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. The age is 18 to 59 years old, gender is not limited, race is not limited.
2. Diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) according to the diagnostic criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016.
3. No previous anti-acute leukemia therapy (including demethylation drugs for leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), except hydroxyurea and leukocytosis).
4. Physical status <= 2 according to eastern tumor cooperation group (ECOG).
5. Within 21 days before random grouping and at baseline, biochemical indicators must be within the following limits: Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) <= 3 × normal upper limit (ULN); total bilirubin <= 3 × ULN; serum creatinine <= 2 × ULN or serum creatinine clearance rate (CrCl)>= 40mL/min.
6. The left ventricular ejection fraction| (LVEF) measured by echocardiography was in the normal range (LVEF > 50%).
7. Each patient (or his or her legal representative) must sign an informed consent form (ICF), indicating that he / she understands the purpose and procedures of the study and is willing to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosed or receiving treatment for other malignant tumors other than AML that are or are in need of treatment in the near future.
2. Acute promyelocytic leukemia, myeloid sarcomas, accelerated and acute transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia.
3. Patients with severe liver and kidney function, cardiopulmonary insufficiency.
4. Uncontrolled or severe infection.
5. Mental illness that may prevent subjects from completing treatment or informed consent.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Experimental Group; Intervention: CHA	Drug: cladribine + homoharringtonine + cytarabine; CHA Protocol: cladribine (5mg/m2, d1-3) + homoharringtonine (2mg/m2, d1-5) + cytarabine (100mg/m2 d1-7).; Other Names: Cladribine Injection; Cytarabine for injection; Homoharringtonine Injection

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Complete response (CR) rate	no signs of leukemia after treatment, fewer than 5% blasts in the BM, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.0×109/L and platelet count ≥ 100×109/L and absence of the extramedullary tumor	At the end of Cycle 1 (each cycle is 28 days)
Overall Survival Rate	the ratio of cases alive to total enrolled cases within 2 years since enrollment	2 years since enrollment
Disease-free Survival Rate	the ratio of cases with leukemia complete remission to the total enrolled cases within 2 years since enrollment	2 years since enrollment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Recurrence Rate	the ratio of cases with leukemia relapse to the total enrolled cases within 2 years since enrollment	2 years since enrollment
Treatment-related mortality	the ratio of cases who died within 30 days since treatment to total enrolled cases	30 days since treatment

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jie Sun, Zhejiang University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 26, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 11, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): October 31, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 14, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 13, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): June 18, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 4, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 2, 2026
• Last Verified: April 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Hematologic Diseases; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring; Therapeutics; Drug Administration Routes; Drug Therapy; Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides; Alkaloids; Purines; Cytidine; Pyrimidine Nucleosides; Pyrimidines; Nucleosides; Ribonucleosides; Arabinonucleosides; Harringtonines; Benzazepines; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; Deoxyribonucleosides; 2-Chloroadenosine; Adenosine; Purine Nucleosides; Deoxyadenosines; Homoharringtonine; Cytarabine; Cladribine; Injections
• Other Study ID Numbers: IIT20220027C-R2

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes