Azacitidine, Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride, and Etoposide in Treating Older Patients With Poor-Prognosis Acute Myeloid Leukemia

A Phase I Study of Azacitidine Combined With Mitoxantrone and Etoposide (A-NOVE) Chemotherapy for Patients' Age ≥ 60 With Poor Prognosis Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

This phase I trial studies the best dose of azacitidine and to see how well it works with mitoxantrone hydrochloride and etoposide in treating older patients with acute myeloid leukemia that has a lower chance of responding to treatment or higher risk of returning (poor prognosis). Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as azacitidine, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, and etoposide, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving more than one drug (combination chemotherapy) may kill more cancer cells.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Arising From Previous Myelodysplastic Syndrome; Recurrent Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Untreated Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission; Adult Acute Monoblastic Leukemia; Adult Acute Monocytic Leukemia; Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Inv(16)(p13.1q22); CBFB-MYH11; Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Maturation; Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Minimal Differentiation; Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(16;16)(p13.1;q22); CBFB-MYH11; Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Without Maturation; Adult Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia; Alkylating Agent-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Adult Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia; Adult Erythroleukemia; Adult Pure Erythroid Leukemia; Adult Acute Basophilic Leukemia; Adult Acute Eosinophilic Leukemia; Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(9;11)(p22;q23); MLLT3-MLL; Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(8;21)(q22;q22); RUNX1-RUNX1T1
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Drug: Etoposide; Drug: Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride; Drug: Azacitidine

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the highest tolerated dose of two dosing schedules of azacitidine when combined with mitoxantrone (mitoxantrone hydrochloride) and etoposide (A-NOVE) chemotherapy in poor prognosis older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

II. To evaluate the toxicity of this regimen.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the complete response (CR) rate and using this regimen. II. To evaluate changes in topoisomerase II activity, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation and DNA expression arrays in leukemia cells during azacitidine treatment, and to correlate these changes with responses to A-NOVE chemotherapy.

III. To evaluate relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients receiving post-remission consolidation with A-NOVE in patients achieving CR. (OS follow-up discontinued as of 08/07/2014)

OUTLINE: This is a dose-escalation study of azacitidine.

Patients receive induction therapy comprising azacitidine subcutaneously (SC) once daily (QD) on days 1-7, mitoxantrone hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes, and etoposide IV over 1 hour on days 4-8. Patients may receive up to 2 additional courses of the same treatment as re-induction or consolidation therapy beginning 35-60 days from the start of the previous course.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 13
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8V 5C2
      • Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2M9
      • University Health Network-Princess Margaret Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 60 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as defined by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, any subtype, de novo or secondary, except acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)

• One of the following:

  • Previously untreated, with adverse-risk cytogenetics, including any one of the following:

    • Complete or partial deletion of chromosome 7
    • Complete or partial deletion of chromosome 5
    • At least 3 numerical or structural abnormalities, other than t(15;17), t(8;21) or inv(16) or variant
    • 11q23 abnormalities
    • Inv(3) or variant such as t(3:3)
  • Previously untreated, transformed from prior myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or myeloproliferative disorder (MPD) other than CML
  • Persistent leukemia following one cycle of 3+7 induction therapy (cytarabine plus either daunorubicin or idarubicin), any cytogenetic risk group
• Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) > 50% based on multi gated acquisition scan (MUGA) scan or 2-dimensional (2-D) echocardiogram
• Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Serum bilirubin =< 1.5 x ULN
• Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 x ULN
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2 (Karnofsky >= 60%)
• Patients with high initial white blood cell (WBC) should have the WBC reduced to below 50 x 10^9/L with hydroxyurea, to minimize the risk of leukostasis related-complications; hydroxyurea is permitted up to 24 hours prior to starting azacitidine
• Men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation; men should not father a child while participating in this study
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who have had chemotherapy, radiotherapy or investigational agents within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier
• Patients who have received prior radiation greater than 3000 cGy to marrow producing areas
• Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents
• Patients with active central nervous system (CNS) leukemia; prior CNS leukemia is permitted provided the cerebrospinal fluid has cleared and there is no other evidence of active CNS leukemia
• Prior therapy for AML with decitabine, azacitidine, mitoxantrone, or etoposide
• Prior therapy with azacitidine or decitabine for pre-existing MDS
• History of allergic reactions attributed to decitabine, azacitidine, etoposide, mitoxantrone, or compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, active uncontrolled infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with cluster of differentiation (CD) counts less than 500/mm^3 and/or a history of HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complications will be excluded from the study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Treatment (azacitidine, mitoxantrone hydrochloride, etoposide); Patients receive induction therapy comprising azacitidine SC QD on days 1-7, mitoxantrone hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes, and etoposide IV over 1 hour on days 4-8. Patients may receive up to 2 additional courses of the same treatment as re-induction or consolidation therapy beginning 35-60 days from the start of the previous course.

Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies; Drug: Etoposide; Given IV; Other Names: Demethyl Epipodophyllotoxin Ethylidine Glucoside; EPEG; Lastet; Toposar; Vepesid; VP 16-213; VP-16; VP-16-213; Drug: Mitoxantrone Hydrochloride; Given IV; Other Names: CL 232315; DHAD; DHAQ; Dihydroxyanthracenedione Dihydrochloride; Mitoxantrone Dihydrochloride; Mitoxantroni Hydrochloridum; Mitozantrone Hydrochloride; Mitroxone; Neotalem; Novantrone; Onkotrone; Pralifan; Drug: Azacitidine; Given SC; Other Names: 5 AZC; 5-AC; 5-Azacytidine; 5-AZC; Azacytidine; Azacytidine, 5-; Ladakamycin; Mylosar; U-18496; Vidaza

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Maximum-tolerated dose of azacitidine that can be safely combined with mitoxantrone hydrochloride and etoposide chemotherapy	The descriptions and grading scales found in the revised National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 will be utilized for AE reporting.	Up to 2 courses of treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes in DNA methylation	Nonquantitative comparisons will be made between responders and non-responders with respect to changes in DNA methylation.	Baseline to day 4
Changes in gene expression	Nonquantitative comparisons will be made between responders and non-responders with respect to changes in gene expression.	Baseline to day 4
Changes in topoisomerase II levels	These will be compared between responders (i.e. those achieving either CR or morphologic leukemia-free state [MLFS]) vs. non-responders (those not achieving CR/MLFS after 1-2 induction cycles), with 95% confidence intervals and 2-tailed t-tests of significance.	Baseline to day 4
Complete response rate		Up to 4 years
Overall survival		From the start of study treatment until death from any cause or last follow up, assessed up to 4 years
Relapse-free survival		From documentation of CR or MLFS to time of disease recurrence or last follow up, assessed up to 4 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Joseph Brandwein, University Health Network-Princess Margaret Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: December 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 1, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): June 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 14, 2010
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 14, 2010
• First Posted (Estimate): December 15, 2010

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): August 20, 2015
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 18, 2015
• Last Verified: June 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Bone Marrow Diseases; Hematologic Diseases; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Leukocyte Disorders; Eosinophilia; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome; Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute; Leukemia, Eosinophilic, Acute; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Tubulin Modulators; Antimitotic Agents; Mitosis Modulators; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; Topoisomerase Inhibitors; Dermatologic Agents; Keratolytic Agents; Etoposide; Etoposide phosphate; Podophyllotoxin; Azacitidine; Mitoxantrone
• Other Study ID Numbers: NCI-2011-02559 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program)); N01CM62203 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); N01CM00032 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); 8331 (Other Identifier: CTEP); CDR0000690647; PHL-074 (Other Identifier: University Health Network-Princess Margaret Hospital)