Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment on Biomarker Levels

Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment on Biomarker Levels in Smoker and Non-Smoker Periodontitis Patients

Periodontitis is a destructive disease that follows untreated gingivitis and is characterized by gingival inflammation, clinical attachment loss, alveolar bone loss and periodontal pocket formation, increased tooth mobility and tooth loss. Although the primary etiological factor is microbial dental plaque, the host response plays an important role in the transition from periodontal health to disease. Smoking is a major risk factor for periodontitis and affects the formation and severity of the disease and healing after periodontal treatment by changing the host response to plaque. Proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines have an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Among these cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10 and currently IL-39 have been associated with periodontal disease. Further studies with post-treatment longitudinal evaluation are needed to elucidate the functions of IL-39 and its possible role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) IL-39, IL-1β and IL-10 levels in smokers and non-smokers with Stage 3 Grade B periodontitis and periodontally healthy individuals, both smokers and non-smokers. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment and smoking on IL-39.

50 individuals with periodontitis and 50 periodontally healthy individuals (total 100 individuals) will be included in our study, and these two groups will be divided into two sub-groups as smokers and non-smokers. Clinical measurements (Plaque index, probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing), saliva and GCF samples will be taken from all individuals at the beginning of the study. Non-surgical periodontal treatment will be performed in individuals with periodontitis. Saliva and GCF samples will be collected before treatment. The clinical measurements, saliva and GCF collection will be repeated 12 weeks after the treatment. The saliva and GCF levels of IL-39, IL-1β and IL-10 will be analyzed by ELISA. Cotinine levels will be examined to evaluate the effects of smoking before and after treatment in periodontal health and periodontitis.

With this study, we aimed to develop IL-39 diagnostic kits for the diagnosis of periodontal diseases, detection of disease activity, follow-up of response to treatment and healing.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy; Periodontitis
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Periodontal Healthy

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 100
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Istanbul, Turkey
    • Biruni University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Periodontal healthy group
• Stage III Grade B and C Periodontitis Group
• To meet the above-mentioned periodontal health and disease criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

• Chronic alcohol use,
• Oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, pregnant,
• Last 6 months antibiotic or anti-inflammatory drug use,
• To have periodontal therapy in the last 6 months

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Clinical Healthy; Clinical measurements (Plaque index, probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing) salivary sample and gingival crevicular fluid will be taken from all individuals at the beginning of the study. IL-39 and cotinine levels will be examined to evaluate the effects of smoking before and after treatment in periodontal health and periodontitis. A pre-treatment saliva sample and gingival crevicular fluid will be collected from the clinically healthy group.	Other: Periodontal Healthy; Non surgical periodontal therapy; Other Names: Periodontitis
Experimental: Periodontitis; Non-surgical periodontal treatment will be applied to individuals with periodontitis, clinical measurements, saliva collection and gingival crevicular fluid will be repeated 12 weeks after the treatment. IL-39 analysis will be performed by ELISA in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of individuals. IL-39 and cotinine levels will be examined to evaluate the effects of smoking before and after treatment in periodontal health and periodontitis. Clinical measurements (Plaque index, probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing) and salivary sample will be taken from all individuals at the beginning of the study.	Other: Periodontal Healthy; Non surgical periodontal therapy; Other Names: Periodontitis

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Examination of IL-39 levels of periodontal disease and clinically healthy	Examination of IL-39 levels, which are stated to be associated with periodontal disease, in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva samples obtained from individuals with periodontitis.	up to 1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Evaluation of the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on changes in IL-39 level.	Evaluation of the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on changes in IL-39 level.	up to 1 year

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Comparison biomarkers of study groups.	Comparison of gingival crevicular fluid and saliva samples taken before treatment in individuals with periodontitis in terms of IL-39 levels.	up to 1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Biruni University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 1, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): July 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 4, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 18, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): December 20, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): June 25, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 19, 2025
• Last Verified: December 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: biomarker; periodontitis; periodontal therapy
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Periodontal Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Periodontitis
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2015-KAEK-79-23-08

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No