The Effectiveness of Drawing Interventions

The Effectiveness of Drawing Interventions on Depression Levels, Resourcefulness, and Spiritual Health of Older Adults in Nursing Homes

The study will consist of two stages. The first stage of the study expects to find associations within dependent variables: depression level, resourcefulness, spiritual resourcefulness, and spiritual health in older adults. The second stage estimated that art drawing interventions will be effective for improving depression levels, resourcefulness, spiritual resourcefulness, and spiritual health.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Older Adult
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Drawing Intervention

Detailed Description

A cross-sectional research design will be used in the first stage, and the second stage of the research will be an intervention and longitudinal study with a randomized control trial design. In the first stage, four instruments will be applied, such as the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Resourcefulness Scale (RS), Spiritual Resourcefulness Scale (SpRS), and Spiritual Screening Tool for Older Adults (SSTOA), to measure the levels of depression, resourcefulness, spiritual resourcefulness, and spiritual health of older adults at nursing homes in Indonesia. Three hundred older adults will be recruited through purposive sampling in the first stage of the study, while 128 participants will be recruited and randomized and assigned to both the experimental and control groups. There will be 64 subjects in each group. The art drawing intervention will be applied and last for 6 weeks in the experimental group. Five times of examinations about the related variables will be performed at the first week before intervention implemented (T0); the second measure will be performed 3 weeks after the intervention started (T1); 6 weeks of drawing intervention, the third examine will be tested (T2); and 1 and 2 months after the intervention completed, the participants will be asked to test for the T3 and T4

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 128
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Irna Kartina, Master; Phone Number: +886908493683; Email: irnakartinakh@gmail.com
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Chien Yu Lai, AssProf; Email: chienlai@ntunhs.edu.tw

Study Locations

• Indonesia
  • D.I Yogyakarta
    • Bantul, D.I Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55184
      • Recruiting
      • BPSTW Budi Luhur
      • Contact: KantorPSTW Budi Luhur; Phone Number: +62274 - 895402
      • Principal Investigator: Irna Kartina
    • Yogyakarta, D.I Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55582
      • Recruiting
      • Balai Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Wreda Unit Abiyoso
      • Contact: Fathoni; Phone Number: +62274-895402
      • Principal Investigator: Irna Kartina, Master

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Currently live in nursing home
2. Have no physical impairment.
3. Have been staying in nursing home for at least 6 months.
4. Speak Bahasa Indonesia

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Have been diagnosed with psychiatric illness.
2. Have been diagnosed with severe physical disorders such as advanced cancer or motor impairments

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intervention group ; Drawing Intervention; The intervention will be applied every week for 6 weeks. The level of depression, resourcefulness, spiritual resourcefulness, and spiritual health will be tested at the first week before the intervention (T0), the 3rd week (T1), the 6th week right after the interventions (T2), 1 month follow-up after the interventions (T3), and 2 months post-intervention.	Other: Drawing Intervention; The primary sections of Drawing Intervention will be the "art-making" and "art-sharing" sections. During the art-making segment, the group leader will guide the participants through a paper-warming exercise before assigning them a specific subject to draw freely for 20-30 minutes. The leader will then ask participants to talk about the meaning of their artwork, encouraging them to explore their emotions regarding the theme and their drawing. This procedure will be implemented in each segment of the intervention (6 sessions).
Other: Control; The control group will receive standard care in nursing home	Other: Drawing Intervention; The primary sections of Drawing Intervention will be the "art-making" and "art-sharing" sections. During the art-making segment, the group leader will guide the participants through a paper-warming exercise before assigning them a specific subject to draw freely for 20-30 minutes. The leader will then ask participants to talk about the meaning of their artwork, encouraging them to explore their emotions regarding the theme and their drawing. This procedure will be implemented in each segment of the intervention (6 sessions).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Geriatry Depression Scale (GDS)	Geriatric Depression Scale is one of depression scales known globally. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), developed by Yesavage et al. in 1983, is a self-report instrument consisting of 30 items.	14 weeks
Resourcefulness Scale	The Resourcefulness Scale developed by Zauszniewski et al. (2006) will be used to test the degree of resourcefulness in older adults. The scale consists of 28-items on a 6-point Likert-type scale	14 weeks
Spiritual Health/Spiritual Self-assessment index for older adult	consists of 20 items, five measuring each of the constructs: (1) meaning and purpose, (2) hope and coping, (3) transcendence in relationships with God and others, and (4) religious practices. This tool offers options to the participants with a degree of agreement for each item using a five-point Likert scale. A numerical value will be assigned to each category: strongly disagree = 1, disagree = 2, uncertain = 3, agree = 4, and strongly agree = 5. Item responses total score that could range from 20 to 100. Higher scores indicated a greater degree of spiritual wellness. Each of the four subscales consisted of five items, permitting a scoring range from 5 to 25. Items one through five, representing measuring hope and coping; six through ten will measure transcendence; eleven through fifteen for meaning and purpose; and sixteen through twenty focused on religious practices.	14 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Irna Kartina, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 23, 2023
• Primary Completion (Estimated): June 30, 2024
• Study Completion (Estimated): November 30, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 26, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 26, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): January 9, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 9, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 26, 2023
• Last Verified: December 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Depression; Older Adults; Resourcefulness; Drawing Interventions; Spiritual Health
• Other Study ID Numbers: NTUNHS_DI

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED
• IPD Plan Description: Have not decided yet

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No